Chpt 4
According to a research study, several interventions have now shown that exercise can prevent depression among _____. Multiple choice question. men adolescents children women
women
Vigorous or aerobic activity has been recommended for a duration of _____ for _____ days a week. Multiple choice question. 15 minutes; two 10 minutes; three 30 minutes; two 20 minutes; three
20 minutes; three
The critical time period for an exercise program to become automatic and habitual for an individual is _____. Multiple choice question. 1 month 2 months 6 to 8 months 3 to 6 months
3-6 month
What is the recommended duration of moderate-intensity exercise for normal adults on most or all days of the week? Multiple choice question. 40 minutes 15 minutes 30 minutes 20 minutes
30
Insufficient sleep is considered to be less than _____ a night. Multiple choice question. 10 hours 8 hours 9 hours 7 hours
7
Which of the following represent one of the major causes of preventable death? Multiple choice question. Suicide Lifestyle diseases Neonatal death Accidents
Accidents
Which of the following predicts the maintenance of an exercise program? Multiple choice question. Belief that leisure activities are important Availability of time or suitable places to exercise Setting short-term goals High self-esteem
Availability of time or suitable places to exercise
Which of the following predicts the initiation of an exercise program? Multiple choice question. Belief that physical activity will decrease HDL cholesterol levels Belief that physical activity is important Neutral attitude Availability of time
Belief that physical activity is important
Identify the groups of people who have been increasingly involving themselves in physical activity. (Check all that apply.) Multiple select question. Chronically ill patients Young adults Adolescents Elderly patients
Chronically ill patients Elderly patients
Match the age groups of women (in the left column) with the frequencies in which a mammogram is recommended (in the right column). Between ages 45 and 55 Between ages 55 and 74
Every year Every other year
Identify the characteristics that make some people more likely to engage in exercise than others. (Check all that apply.) Multiple select question. Neutral attitude Extrovert nature Sense of self-efficacy Sense of self-observation
Extrovert nature Sense of self-efficacy
True or false: Interventions designed to increase and maintain physical activity that are matched to stage of readiness are less successful than interventions that are not.
F
True or false: Parents' own sun protection habits do not influence how attentive they are to their children's practices and what their children do when they are on their own. True false question.
F
What is the major benefit of relapse prevention techniques used in exercise programs? Multiple choice question. It is important for the initiation of an exercise program. It provides immediate short-term health benefits. It increases long-term adherence to the exercise program. It is inexpensive and easy to implement.
It increases long-term adherence to the exercise program.
According to a research study, the class of people for whom social support is particularly important to promote exercise are _____. Multiple choice question. Whites Asians African-Americans Hispanics
Hispanics
Identify the reasons why people participate in group exercise programs such as jogging and walking. (Check all that apply.) Multiple select question. It leads to spiritual awakening It instills a sense of support. It is less time consuming. It leads to group cohesion.
It instills a sense of support. It leads to group cohesion.
Why is screening through mammography important for older and high-risk women? (Check all that apply.) Multiple select question. It helps cope with the disease in a manner that wipes out its incidence entirely. It allows earlier modification of health habits to prevent the occurrence of the disease completely. It is seen that one in every eight women in the United States develops breast cancer. It helps early detection that can improve survival rates.
It is seen that one in every eight women in the United States develops breast cancer. It helps early detection that can improve survival rates.
What are the health benefits of regular exercise? (Check all that apply.) Multiple select question. It promotes the growth of new neurons in the brain. It decreases HDL cholesterol levels. It accelerates wound healing. It increases the resting heart rate.
It promotes the growth of new neurons in the brain. It accelerates wound healing.
Identify the health benefits of regular exercise. (Check all that apply.) Multiple select question. It increases resting heart rate. It reduces one's risk of cardiovascular disease. It promotes cognitive functioning. It suppresses the effects of HDL cholesterol.
It reduces one's risk of cardiovascular disease. It promotes cognitive functioning.
What is the chief advantage of text messaging, mailers, family-based, and worksite interventions to promote exercise among people? Multiple choice question. Low cost and ease of implementation Helps in long-term adherence to exercise programs Instills a sense of self-talk in people Helps in the initiation of an exercise program
Low cost and ease of implementation
Identify the benefits of participating in enjoyable leisure activities such as hobbies, sports, and socializing. (Check all that apply.) Multiple select question. Higher cortisol levels Lowered blood pressure Better physical functioning Better neuroendocrine functioning
Lowered blood pressure Better physical functioning
What is the characteristic feature of rapid-eye movement (REM) sleep? Our eyes dart back and forth, breathing and heart rates flutter, and we often dream vividly. Our breathing and heart rates even out, and the body temperature drops. We experience deep sleep characterized by brain waves that alternate between sleep spindles and large K-complex waves. We begin to tune out the sounds around us, although we are easily awakened by any loud sound.
Our eyes dart back and forth, breathing and heart rates flutter, and we often dream vividly.
Identify an activity that involves balance, mobility, and gait training to reduce the risk of fall among older adults. Multiple choice question. Cognitive restructuring therapy Stimulus control training Physical activity training Self-monitoring therapy
Physical activity training
Match the stages of non-rapid eye movement sleep (in the left column) with its characteristic features (in the right column).
Stage 1: Sounds are tuned out around us, although one can be easily awakened by any loud sound. Stage 2: Breathing and heart rates even out, body temperature drops, and brain waves alternate between short bursts called sleep spindles and large K-complex waves. Stage 3 and Stage 4: deep sleep characterized by delta waves that restore energy, strengthen the immune system, and prompt the body to release growth hormones.
True or false: According to Grandner & Kripke (2004), long sleepers, like short sleepers, have more symptoms of psychopathology, including chronic worrying. True false question.
T
True or false: Interventions are more successful if they are geared to the stage of readiness of prospective participants.
T
True or false: Regular exercise improves not only physical health but also mood and general well-being.
T
true or false: Interventions that train parents how to childproof a home and more general strategies for increasing home safety have been successful.
T
What are the recommendations used in interventions to promote sleep as part of treating insomnia? (Check all that apply.) Multiple select question. Use noise generators to mask background sound. Drink coffee in the afternoon or evening. Keep the bedroom cool at night. Eat too little at night, and nap after 3 p.m. Develop nightly rituals that can get you ready for bed.
Use noise generators to mask background sound. Keep the bedroom cool at night. Develop nightly rituals that can get you ready for bed.
Identify the environmental options that increase the rate of exercise among people. (Check all that apply.) Multiple select question. Walking trails Recreational facilities Movie theaters Educational appeals
Walking trails Recreational facilities
Based on a research study, identify the groups of people who often engage in physical activity. (Check all that apply.) Multiple select question. Younger adults Hispanics Older adults Whites
Younger adults Whites
Chronic insomnia can compromise the ability of the body to secrete and respond to _____. Multiple choice question. insulin glucagon epinephrine vasopressin
a
Efforts to promote safe sun practices begin with _____ to alert people about the risks of skin cancer and effectiveness of sunscreen use for reducing risk. Multiple choice question. educational interventions cognitive behavioral therapy lifestyle rebalancing assertiveness training
a
Health behaviors that involve restorative activities such as relaxation and renewal help restore _____ among people. Multiple choice question. emotional balance motor functioning hormonal balance visual functioning
a
Identify a factor that is linked to poor subjective as well as objective sleep quality. Multiple choice question. Low socio-economic status Consumption of alcohol Punitiveness Low peer pressure
a
Identify a technique that has shown major beneficial effects on accident rates. Multiple choice question. Social engineering techniques Cognitive behavioral therapy Soft skills training Stimulus-control techniques
a
Interventions to reduce home accidents among children are typically conducted with _____. Multiple choice question. parents health psychologists pediatricians self-help groups
a
It is seen that over 50 percent of adults above the age of 55 report insomnia at least _____ a week. Multiple choice question. once thrice four times two times
a
People with _____ are better at adhering to a healthy diet. Multiple choice question. high conscientiousness low self-control low self-efficacy high defensive behavior
a
Recent efforts to change dietary habits of high-risk people have focused on _____. Multiple choice question. family community based interventions practitioner's recommendations self-help groups
a
Sugary drinks have been suspected of contributing to _____. Multiple choice question. type 2 diabetes type 1 diabetes hypertension hypoglycemia
a
Sugary drinks have been tied to a higher risk of _____. Multiple choice question. heart disease malaria dengue fever ataxia
a
The chief risk factor for skin cancer is _____. Multiple choice question. excessive exposure to ultraviolet radiation excessive exposure to infrared radiation poisoning by toxins genetic factors
a
Which of the following is an important and controllable risk factor for many of the leading causes of death and contributes substantially to risk for disease? Multiple choice question. Diet Exercise Occupational hazards Accidental poisonings
a
____ are at particular risk for colorectal cancer. Multiple choice question. Hispanics Asians African-Americans Whites
a
_____ helps regarding exactly when, where, and what food will be consumed that can help people bring snacking under intentional control, thereby reducing the consumption of unhealthy food. Multiple choice question. Forming implementation intentions Positive self-reward techniques Self-reinforcement methods Motivational interviewing
a
Identify the most common causes of death and disability among children under the age of five. (Check all that apply.) Multiple select question. Falls Drowning Child abuse Accidental poisonings
a,d
Identify the factors that contribute to low mammography screening rates among people. (Check all that apply.) Multiple select question. Lack of available services Lack of awareness about the importance of mammography High sense of self-esteem Interventions using the health belief model
ab
Identify the groups of women for whom social support is important especially since their use of mammograms depends on it. (Check all that apply.) Multiple select question. Low-income women Older women High-income women Younger women
ab
Which of the following leads to poor sleep quality and sleep disturbance in people? (Check all that apply.) Multiple select question. Depression Maladaptive coping strategies Moderate fatigue Excessive exercise
ab
dentify the health risks that often lead people to change their diets? (Check all that apply.) Multiple select question. Diabetes Obesity Bronchitis Dementia
ab
Identify the adverse effects of chronic insomnia. (Check all that apply.) Multiple select question. It can increase the risk of coronary heart disease. It decreases blood pressure. It can affect weight gain. It is tied to acute inflammation.
ac
What does effective sunscreen use require? (Check all that apply.) Multiple select question. Knowledge about skin cancer Knowledge of the active constituents in sunscreens Perceived efficacy of sunscreen as protection against skin cancer Awareness of social norms that are against sunscreen use
ac
Identify the characteristics of diets that can cause the rate of adherence to a new diet to fall off over time. (Check all that apply.) Multiple select question. Expensive Rich in protein Rich in fiber Restrictive
ad
Identify the factors that are critical to developing a healthy diet. (Check all that apply.) Multiple select question. Family support Perception that dietary change has little or no health benefits Knowledge about various traditional delicacies Knowledge about dietary issues
ad
Which of the following are true statements about foods that are high in fat and sugars? (Check all that apply.) Multiple select question. They contribute to an unhealthy diet. They increase cortisol levels in the blood. They reduce the risk of cardiovascular disease. They help turn off stress hormones.
ad
Which of the following is affected by insufficient sleep? (Check all that apply.) Multiple select question. Cognitive functioning Neuroendocrine functioning Self-reinforcement Job performance
ad
People who perceive themselves as _____ are more likely to exercise than others. Multiple choice question. dominant self-sufficient passive athletic
athletic
A diet that is high in _____ can protect against obesity and cardiovascular disease by lowering insulin levels. Multiple choice question. trans fat fiber protein carbohydrate
b
A healthy _____ is rich in vegetables, nuts, fruits, and fish and low in red meat. Multiple choice question. vegan diet Mediterranean diet detox diet crash diet
b
According to a research study, participation in leisure activities can improve _____ among the elderly. Multiple choice question. cortisol levels cognitive functioning insulin levels immune functioning
b
According to the theory of planned behavior, _____. Multiple choice question. women who perceive social norms as favoring their obtaining a mammogram are less likely to participate in a mammography program social support predicts the use of mammograms among women women who have positive attitudes regarding mammography are less likely to participate in a mammography program interventions focused on prospective participants' readiness are unsuccessful
b
Identify a true statement about breast cancer and its screening through mammograms. Multiple choice question. One in every 20 women in the United States develops breast cancer. The majority of breast cancers are detected in women above the age of 40. Mammography detects subtle heat changes that point to an area of evolving pathology in the breast. A yearly mammogram is also recommended for women who are not at particular risk between ages 40 and 50.
b
People of _____ are at a greater risk of developing chronic disorders. Multiple choice question. Asian origin low socio-economic status high socio-economic status Latin American origin
b
Routine colorectal screening has been recommended by medical guidelines for _____. Multiple choice question. young adults older adults adolescent girls adolescent boys
b
The second-leading cause of cancer deaths in Western countries is _____. Multiple choice question. lung cancer colorectal cancer prostate cancer breast cancer
b
Which of the following has led to a substantial increase in physical activity in the U. S. population in recent decades? Multiple choice question. Social activity Physician's recommendations Family values Setting personal goals
b
____ have developed interventions to promote safe sun practices. Multiple choice question. Mass media campaigns Health psychologists Schools Self-help groups
b
_____ has a direct and negative effect on diet. Multiple choice question. Lack of executive control skills Stress Lack of vigilant coping skills Excessive exercise
b
dentify a factor that makes people more prone to insomnia. Multiple choice question. Active coping Rumination Passive coping Punitiveness
b
Identify the conditions for a good night's sleep. (Check all that apply.) Multiple select question. Preferable nap time after 3 p.m. Regular exercise, at least three times a week Reduction in alcohol consumption and complete avoidance of smoking Preferable intake of coffee in the afternoon or evening
bc
Identify the factors that can cause accidental poisoning in the United States. (Check all that apply.) Multiple select question. Falls Illegal drugs Prescription drugs Road accidents
bc
Identify the true statements about the the role of family in diet modifications among family members. (Check all that apply.) Multiple select question. Family members prefer not to consider a dietary counselor's advice to discuss ways to change the family diet. Children who are involved in dietary interventions may practice better dietary habits into adolescence and adulthood. Commitment of family members who participate in a dietary change make it easier for a target family member to do so as well. Dietary recommendations are influenced only by a single family member.
bc
What are the factors that contribute to dangerous sun exposure? (Check all that apply.) Multiple select question. Living in northern latitudes Outdoor activities Tanning salons Excessive sunscreen use
bc
Which of the following act as the main deterrents among people to get regular mammograms? (Check all that apply.) Multiple select question. Social stigma Anxiety Cost Anticipated pain
bcd
Identify the true statements about diet modifications among people. (Check all that apply.) Multiple select question. More than half of U. S. adults meet the dietary recommendations for reducing fat levels and increasing fiber and fruit consumption. Drastic changes in shopping, meal planning, cooking methods, and eating habits may be required. Rates of adherence among people to a new diet may be low at first. Typically, people switch to a diet low in fat and high in fiber, fruits, and vegetables to improve appearance.
bd
What are the critical factors for improving diet among people? (Check all that apply.) Multiple select question. Reclusive behavior Sense of self-efficacy Vigilant coping skills Social support
bd
Diet is related to _____ in the body. Multiple choice question. c-reactive protein levels acetaldehyde concentrations serum lipid levels hemoglobin levels
c
Identify a technique that is helpful in getting people to increase their fruit and vegetable intake and otherwise improve their diets. Multiple choice question. Cognitive restructuring Negative self-reward Motivational interviewing Self-restraint
c
Sleep disorders in women may be tied to hormonal levels related to _____. Multiple choice question. pregnancy thyroiditis menopause menarche
c
Stressful events that are considered as uncontrollable can result in _____ among people. Multiple choice question. polycythemia euphoria insomnia guilt
c
When people are under stress, they may fail to practice _____, and may not pay much attention to what they are eating. Multiple choice question. self-indulgence self-reinforcement self-control self-confidence
c
____ diets with vegetarian sources of fat and protein and little bread can have beneficial health effects. Multiple choice question. High-calorie Low-unsaturated fatty acid Low-carbohydrate High-carbohydrate
c
_____ incorporate safety training into visits with new parents to increase child safety in homes. Multiple choice question. Self-help groups Community-based interventions Pediatricians Health psychologists
c
identify a major cause of death among older adults. Multiple choice question. Smoking Type 1 diabetes Fall-related injuries Accidental poisoning
c
Which of the following are linked to poor dietary habits? (Check all that apply.) Multiple select question. A preference for foods that are high in HDL cholesterol A preference for foods that have polyunsaturated fats A preference for meat and a lack of health consciousness A limited interest in exploring new foods
cd
A diet that is rich in fruits, vegetables, whole grains, peas and beans, poultry, and fish and low in refined grains, potatoes, and red and processed meat lowers the risk of _____. Multiple choice question. rheumatoid arthritis hypertension type 1 diabetes coronary heart disease
d
Dietary change is critical for people who are at risk for or already diagnosed with _____. Multiple choice question. genetic disorders terminal diseases autoimmune disorders chronic diseases
d
Efforts to change diet begin with education and training in _____. Multiple choice question. self-indulgence self-incrimination self-talk self-monitoring
d
Identify the type of skin cancer that has resulted in the death of a large number of people. Multiple choice question. Squamous cell carcinoma Basal cell carcinoma Benign melanoma Malignant melanoma
d
In the past 30 years, there has been nearly a fourfold increase in the incidence of _____ in the United States. Multiple choice question. breast cancer colorectal cancer lung cancer skin cancer
d
Most of the diet changes are implemented through _____. Multiple choice question. forming implementation intentions public policy formulation educational appeals cognitive-behavioral interventions
d
Rapid-eye movement (REM) sleep is characterized by _____. Multiple choice question. alpha waves delta waves theta waves beta waves
d
Sleep is considered to be an important _____ activity. Multiple choice question. circadian rhythmic inhibitory restorative
d
Switching to diets containing _____ is a healthful change. Multiple choice question. trans fats saturated fats non-essential fatty acids monounsaturated fats
d
The first stage of non-rapid eye treatment (NREM) sleep is marked by _____. Multiple choice question. beta waves large K-complex waves alpha waves theta waves
d
What is the importance of non-rapid eye movement (NREM) sleep? Multiple choice question. To solve problems of the previous day To turn knowledge into short-term memories To consolidate memories To restore energy and strengthen the immune system
d
_____ are the major cause of head injury among people. Multiple choice question. Drownings Assaults Falling from heights Bicycle accidents
d
_____ are the single greatest cause of accidental death among people. Multiple choice question. Falls Drownings Poisoning by inappropriate drug use Automobile accidents
d
_____ predicts the likelihood of people obtaining regular mammograms. Multiple choice question. The transtheoretical model of behavior change The protection motivation theory The self-determination theory The theory of planned behavior
d
_____ tailored to people's resistance to colorectal screening can increase the likelihood of obtaining screenings as well. Multiple choice question. Cognitive-behavioral therapies Internet-based interventions Community-based programs Telephone-based interventions
d
_____ that use mass media, interventions through social networks, and reminder notices promote participation of people in cancer screening programs. Multiple choice question. Private practitioners Self-help groups Mass media Community-based programs
d
he most common chronic sleep disorder among adults over the age of 40 in the Unites States is _____. Multiple choice question. parasomnia narcolepsy apnea insomnia
d
identify a true statement about the use of sunscreen among people. Multiple choice question. People often apply sunscreen during outdoor activities. Many people do not perceive tans as attractive. People are aware of the long-term consequences of tanning. Many people use sunscreens with an inadequate sun protection factor.
d
Exercise has been used for treating _____ because of its beneficial effects on mood and self-esteem. Multiple choice question. depression ataxia eczema stuttering
depression
Health psychologists have found that exercise has beneficial effects on people's cognitive functioning, especially their _____. Multiple choice question. executive functioning perception abilities motor functioning visual processing
executive functioning
*According to a research study, _____ followed by brief text messaging can promote physical activity among people. Multiple choice question. lifestyle rebalancing techniques motivational interviewing stimulus control techniques forming implementation intentions
forming implementation intentions
Long-term practice of regular exercise is heavily determined by _____. Multiple choice question. spiritual beliefs habit social pressure intuition Correct Answer
habit
Which of the following is a barrier to exercise for people who live in low socio-economic status neighborhoods? Multiple choice question. Fatigue Low morale Lack of awareness lack of safe places
lack of safe places
According to the National Center for Health Statistics, physical activity is more common among _____. Multiple choice question. Hispanics men women African-Americans
men
According to a research study, short walks or small increases in activity levels have shown physical and psychological benefits among _____. Multiple choice question. older adults adolescent boys adolescent girls younger adults
older adults
Exercise has beneficial effects on cognitive functioning, especially in _____. Multiple choice question. spatial processing recognition and interpretation of sensory stimuli emotional self-regulation planning and higher order reasoning
planning and higher order reasoning
Aerobic exercises involve _____. Multiple choice question. yoga, brisk walking, swimming, and field exercises running, bicycling, rope jumping, and swimming long walks of low intensity short walks of high intensity
running, bicycling, rope jumping, and swimming
Based on a research study, interventions that incorporate principles of _____ can bring about successful change in exercise habits. Multiple choice question. self-reinforcement and extraversion self-control and motivation passive coping vigilant coping
self-control and motivation
Regular exercise is known to improve the sense of _____ among people. Multiple choice question. self-monitoring self-efficacy self-observation self-reinforcement
self-efficacy
People should avoid diets that contain _____. Multiple choice question. polyunsaturated fats omega fatty acids trans fats monounsaturated fats
trans fats
Several studies have confirmed the usefulness of the _____ to increase physical activity among people. Multiple choice question. protection motivation theory theory of planned behavior health belief model transtheoretical model of behavioral change
transtheoretical model of behavioral change