CIS 110 Module 4: Operating Systems and File Management
File size is usually measured in kilobytes , megabytes, or gigabytes
(KB) (thousands of bytes of data) (MB) (millions of bytes of data) (GB) (billions of bytes of data)
the role of the operating system when you save a document on the hard drive (4)
-finds the hard drive -makes sure the hard drive has enough storage space -saves the document -stores the location and file name so that you can access the document later
the role of operating system when you add info to the document (2)
-manages memory so the computer can run -saves your unsaved work to temporary storage
the role of operating system when you start a word processing program and open a doc (2)
-starts the word processing program -provides tools for you to open the document file
microsoft office file extension example 3
.docx (word), .xlsx (excel), .pptx (powerpoint)
webpage file extensions 4
.htm/html, .xml, .asp/aspx, .css
graphics file extensions 3
.jpg, .png, .tif
text file extension example (2)
.txt, .rtf
what is the windows 10 file manager
File Explorer
user accounts
ID the resources, such as apps and storage locations, a user can access when working within the computer
mobile operating system examples
IOS and Android
ROM (Read Only Memory)
Memory chips that store permanent data and instructions.
closed source operating examples (2)
Microsoft windows and macOS
what is the most common type of volatile memory
RAM
kernel
The core of an operating system that manages memory and devices, maintains the internal clock, runs programs, and assigns the resources, such as devices, programs, apps, data, and information.
flash memory
Type of nonvolatile memory that can be erased electronically and rewritten.
utilities
Utilities •Disk cleanup utility •Recycle bin/trash •File utilities •File management •Search tool •File compression
operating system example
Windows 10
personal computer operating system
an operating system installed on a single computer
mobile operating systems examples
android developed by google based on linux runs on only apple devices from macOS
input
any data and instructions entered into the memory of a device
buffer
area of memory tat stores data and info waiting to be sent to an input/output device
what is the basic storage unit in memory
byte
can you open and read an executive file? what ab a data file
can read data, cannot read executive
close button
closes the window
file
collection of info stored on your computer
control panel
collection of utility programs that determine how windows appears and performs on your computer
graphical user interface (GUI)
collective term for all the ways you interact with the device
desktop
contains icons for programs and files as well as toolbars and menus
keyboard
contains not only characters but also keys w commands •Change commands associated with certain keys/keyboard shortcuts •Change language/dialect •Adjust settings for toggle keys
executable file
contains the insructions your computer/device needs to run programs and apps
settings app
contains touch friendly categories of the most commonly used windows settings; more advanced settings are found in the control panel
data file
contains words, numbers, and pics that you can manipulate
what is another name for a personal computer operating system
desktop operating system
program window
displays a running program
folder window
displays the contents of a folder drive or device
memory
electronic components that store instructions waiting to be executed by the processor, data needed by those instructions, and the results of processing that data into info
utilities (OS features)
enable you to perform maintenance type tasks related to managing the computer or device
virtual machine
enables a computer or device to run another operating system in addition to the one installed its how you run more than one operating system •Requires an app that is specifically designed to set up and manage virtual machines •Installation files for the operating system to run on the virtual machine are also required •Runs on a partition
max/minimize buttons
expand window so that it fills the entire screen or reduce so it only appears as an icon on the taskbar
what are the rules called that monitors the file names
file naming conventions
disk cleanup utility
finds and removes uneccesary files suck as temporary internet files or files in the recycle bin
button
graphic you click to execute commands you need to work w an app (ribbon, toolbar, taskbar)1
pointing device
hardware device that lets you interact w your computer by controlling the movement of the pointer on your computer screen (ex. mouse) •Switch mouse buttons •Adjust trackpad sensitivity
mobile operating systems
has features similar to desktop operating system but focuses on the needs of a mobile user and the capabilities of the device
what does a graphical user interface GUI control
how you interact with menus, programs and apps, and visual images like icons by touching, pointing, tapping, or clicking buttons to issue commands
output
information processed into a useful form
closed source programs
keep all or some of the code hidden, enabling developers to control and profit from the program they create`
what is the main input device on a desktop computer or laptop
keyboard
how are files usually measured
kilobytes (KB - thousands of bytes of data), megabytes (MB - millions of bytes of data), or gigabytes (GB - billions of bytes of data)
shortcuts
links to files and apps on the desktop
open source program example
linux
shortcut menu
list of frequently used commands that relate to an object, typically displayed by right clicking
menu
list of related items , including folders, applications, and commands
server operating system
multiuser operating system that controls a single centralized server computer that supports many users on networked computers
how do you ID an operating system
name and version number
folder
named location on a storage medium that usually contains related docs
open source programs & apps
no restrictions from the copyright holder regarding modification and redistribution
what manages the interactions between hardware and software
operating system
what is the technique of swapping items between memory and storage
paging
nonvolatile memory
permanent, contents remain on computer when the power is turned off
spooling
placing data into a buffer
what else is an operating system called
platform
virtualization
practice of sharing computing resources, such as servers or storage devices, among computers and devices on a network
what are the two types of windows on a dekstop
program and folder
operating system
program that manages the complete operation of your computer or mobile device and lets you interact with it
administrator account
provides full access to the computer (for job, school)
window
rectangular shaped work area that displays an app or a collection of files, folders, or tools
restore down button
reduces a window to its last non maxed size
how do you customize your settings and change the default settings from a windows machine
settings dialog box
tile
shaded rectangle that represents an app or other resource
icon
small picture that represents a program or file
Software as a Service (SaaS)
software that is distributed online for a monthly subscription or an annual fee by providing updates to the software
library
special folder that catalogs specific files and folders in a central location, regardless of where the items are actually stored on your device
default settings
standard settings that control how the screen is set up and how a doc looks when you first start typing
the cloud
storage area located on a server that you access through the internet or a network
what is the area of a hard drive used for virtual memory called
swap file
what do most computers and devices come preloaded with
system software, including an operating system
cache
temporary storage area designed to help speed up processing time
clipboard
temporary windows storage area that holds the selections you copy or cut so you can use them later
volatile memory
temporary, loses its content when power is turned off
virtual memory
the capability of an operating system to temporarily store data on a storage medium until it can be swapped into RAM
resources
the components required to perform work, such as the processor, RAM, storage space, and connected devices
file format
the organization and layout of data in a file
system software
the software that runs a computer, including the operating system and utilities
RAM (Random Access Memory)
the storage location that temporarily stores open apps and document data while a computer/device is on
active window
the window you are currently using which appears in front of any other open windows
file extension
three or four letter sequence preceded by a period at the end of a file name that IDs the file as a particular type of doc
boot process
triggers a series of steps and checks as the computer loads the operating system
thrashin
when an operating system spends more of its time paging instead of executing apps
server operating systems
windows server the server version of windows w advanced security controls macOS server supports all networks and servers lets us access servers through iphones and other apple devices unix server- may use web servers which are internet computers that store webpages and deliver them to your device
dialog box
windows w controls that let you tell the operating system how you want to complete a command
desktop operating system examples
windows, macOS, UNIX, linux, and Chrome OS
desktop operating systems
windows- cortana and Microsoft edge macOS- includes siri UNIX- multitasking os with many versions, licensed to different developer Linux- GPL (general public license) so you can copy the OS give to others or sell Chrome OS based on linux primarily ran on web apps
Personalize an OS to Increase Productivity
•Customize system software •Customize hardware using system software •Manage desktop windows •Use administrative tools Customize Settings—change default settings •Change screen brightness •Add desktop themes •Adjust screen resolution •Adding a sound scheme •Pinning frequently used apps to the taskbar •Selecting items to appear in the Notification area •Link your smartphone to your computer •Uninstall apps •Add accounts •Manage network connections •Adjust privacy settings •Customize desktop •Move taskbar •Add shortcuts
the purpose if an operating system
•Responsible for coordinating the resources and activities on a computer •Manages interactions between hardware and software
Standard Operating System Functions
•Starting and shutting down a computer or device •Managing programs •Managing memory •Coordinating tasks •Configuring devices •Establishing an Internet connection •Monitoring performance •Providing file management •Updating operating system software •Monitoring security Controlling network access
file management
•Windows 10: File Explorer •macOS: the Finder •File manager functions •View frequently or recently opened files and folders •View the main folders on your computer or device •Search by file name, content, date, and more
what are the 5 steps of the boot process
1. computer/device receives power from the power supply/battery and sends it to the circuitry 2. processor begins to run the bootstrap program, which is the special built-in startup program 3. the bootstrap program executes a series of tests to check the components, including the RAM, keyboard, and storage, and IDs connected devices and checks their settings 4. when tests are complete, computer loads the operating system files into RAM, including the kernel (core of the operating system which manages memory, runs programs, assigns resources) 5. computer loads the system configuration info, prompts you for user verification, loads all startup programs (antivirus)
Like a good wedding planner your operating system manages a million things while staying tactfully behind the scenes. It's the most important software on your computer because without it you can't interact with your device or install any other software. When you turn on your computer the operating system or OS loads and provides a user interface. This is macOS. But other popular operating systems include Microsoft Windows, Linux, and Chrome OS. You use the interface to start apps, enter information, and see what you're doing. But the OS controls more than your devices look and feel. It also manages system resources; the processor, RAM, and storage space. To do this the OS prioritizes every command and keystroke. So each task is completed logically. And it conserves resources to make sure you can multitask to your heart's content. So when you decide you need to print this spreadsheet, visit that website, check your email, and print this email too. One print job finishes before the other one starts and the web page appears to open instantly and there's still room in RAM to open your music app and play a song. You might not notice it much, but your OS might be the hardest worker you know.
An operating system manages system resources including RAM. YES
