CIS 486 Ch. 2
A preliminary or rough cost estimate is developed in the _____ phase of the project life cycle, and an overview of the work involved is created. acquisition implementation close-out concept
concept
The symbolic perspective of an organization: focuses on the meanings of the culture, language, traditions, and image of the organization. focuses on different groups' roles and responsibilities to meet the goals and policies set by top management. focuses on providing harmony between the needs of the organization and the needs of people. views the organization as coalitions composed of varied individuals and interest groups.
focuses on the meanings of the culture, language, traditions, and image of the organization.
In Rizzati Corp, vice presidents in departments such as engineering, manufacturing, IT, and human resources report directly to the chief executive officer and undertake their tasks independently of each other. The staffs of these departments have specialized skills in their respective disciplines.Rizatti Corp can be said to have a _____ organizational structure. symbolic project functional matrix
functional
Project managers have the least amount of authority in a pure _____ organizational structure. circular matrix functional project
functional
The _____ model of a systems development life cycle provides for progressive development of operational software, with each release providing added capabilities RAD life cycle waterfall life cycle incremental build life cycle spiral life cycle
incremental build life cycle
The _____ model of a systems development life cycle provides for progressive development of operational software, with each release providing added capabilities. incremental build life cycle spiral life cycle waterfall life cycle RAD life cycle
incremental build life cycle
In a _____ organizational structure, personnel often report to both a functional manager and one or more project managers. functional project matrix symbolic
matrix
In a _____organizational structure, program managers, rather than functional managers or vice presidents, report to the CEO. Their staffs have a variety of skills needed to complete all required tasks within their programs. functional symbolic project matrix
project
The first two traditional project phases (concept and development) focus on planning, and are often referred to as _____. project acquisition project feasibility project close-out project implementation
project feasibility
In the _____ model, developers use a model to generate functional requirements and physical design specifications simultaneously. prototyping life cycle spiral life cycle incremental build life cycle RAD life cycle
prototyping life cycle
The _____ perspective of an organization focuses on different groups' roles and responsibilities in order to meet the goals and policies set by top management. human resources frame structural frame political frame symbolic frame
structural frame
In organizational culture, means-end orientation refers to _____. the degree to which management focuses on outcomes rather than on techniques and processes used to achieve results the degree to which employees are encouraged to be aggressive, innovative, and risk seeking the degree to which rules, policies, and direct supervision are used to oversee and control employee behavior the degree to which the organization monitors and responds to changes in the external environment
the degree to which management focuses on outcomes rather than on techniques and processes used to achieve results
In organizational culture, people focus refers to _____. the degree to which the organization monitors and responds to changes in the external environment the degree to which management's decisions take into account the effect of outcomes on employees within the organization the degree to which employees are encouraged to be aggressive, innovative, and risk seeking the degree to which rules, policies, and direct supervision are used to oversee and control employee behavior
the degree to which management's decisions take into account the effect of outcomes on employees within the organization
The _____ model of a systems development life cycle assumes that requirements will remain stable after they are defined. spiral life cycle RAD life cycle incremental build life cycle waterfall life cycle
waterfall life cycle
The _____ model of a systems development life cycle assumes that requirements will remain stable after they are defined. waterfall life cycle incremental build life cycle spiral life cycle RAD life cycle
waterfall life cycle
_____ refers to the degree to employees identify with the organization as a whole, rather than with their types of job or profession. Unit integration People focus Member identity Group emphasis
Member identity
_____ refers to a set of shared assumptions, values, and behaviors that characterize the functioning of an organization. Organizational culture Organizational structure Line of control Chain of command
Organizational culture
_____refers to the degree to which departments within an organization are encouraged to coordinate with each other. Group emphasis People focus Unit integration Member identity
Unit integration
Which of the following is true of a matrix organizational structure? A matrix organizational structure is hierarchical, but instead of functional managers reporting to the CEO, program managers report to the CEO. In a strong matrix organizational structure, the project manager controls the project budget and has moderate to high authority. In a matrix organizational structure, employees are organized into departments according to their skills, and there is little interaction between employees from different departments. Project managers in matrix organizations have staff from only a single functional area working on their projects.
In a strong matrix organizational structure, the project manager controls the project budget and has moderate to high authority.
The _____ model uses an approach in which developers work with an evolving prototype, using tools such as computer-aided software engineering, joint requirements planning, and joint application design to facilitate rapid prototyping and code generation. spiral life cycle incremental build life cycle waterfall life cycle RAD life cycle
RAD life cycle
_____ refers to a problem-solving approach that requires defining the scope of a system, dividing it into its components, and then identifying and evaluating its problems, opportunities, constraints, and needs. Independent component analysis Systems analysis Principal component analysis Linear programming
Systems analysis
_____ refers to a problem-solving approach that requires defining the scope of a system, dividing it into its components, and then identifying and evaluating its problems, opportunities, constraints, and needs. Linear programming Systems analysis Independent component analysis Principal component analysis
Systems analysis
A(n) _____ refers to a product or service, such as a technical report, a training session, a piece of hardware, or a segment of software code, produced or provided as part of a project. system deliverable input resource
deliverable
Project managers have the least amount of authority in a pure _____ organizational structure. project circular functional matrix
functional
The _____ frame of an organization focuses on providing harmony between the needs of the organization and the needs of people. human resources political structural symbolic
human resources
Project managers have the most authority in a pure _____ organizational structure. matrix circular functional project
project
The _____ perspective of an organization focuses on different groups' roles and responsibilities in order to meet the goals and policies set by top management. human resources frame political frame structural frame symbolic frame
structural frame
Grey's Infotech sells customized hardware and software solutions for businesses. The salespeople for Grey's have a strict dress code when meeting clients. They are required to wear dark business suits, in order to convey the company's dedication to quality. The meaning conveyed to the clients' through the salespeople's clothing is part of the _____ frame of the organization. human resources symbolic political structural
symbolic
In organizational culture, means-end orientation refers to _____. the degree to which management focuses on outcomes rather than on techniques and processes used to achieve results the degree to which rules, policies, and direct supervision are used to oversee and control employee behavior the degree to which employees are encouraged to be aggressive, innovative, and risk seeking the degree to which the organization monitors and responds to changes in the external environment
the degree to which management focuses on outcomes rather than on techniques and processes used to achieve results
Which of the following best describes a kill point in the project life cycle? The point of time in the project lifecycle after which it is impossible to terminate a running project The period of time given to managers during the feasibility phases to decide on the cost, quality, and time constraints for the project The final submission of the project deliverables after which the project is terminated A review of the status of a project at each phase of development to determine if it should be continued, redirected, or terminated
A review of the status of a project at each phase of development to determine if it should be continued, redirected, or terminated
_____ refers to the degree to which the organization monitors and responds to changes in the external environment. Open-systems focus Conflict tolerance Risk tolerance Means-ends orientation
Open-systems focus
Which of the following is a disadvantage of virtual teams as compared to traditional teams? Reduced opportunities for informal transfer of information Increased costs for office space and support Reduced dependence on technology and processes for accomplishing work Limited flexibility in team working hours
Reduced opportunities for informal transfer of information
_____refers to the degree to which departments within an organization are encouraged to coordinate with each other. People focus Group emphasis Member identity Unit integration
Unit integration
In Rizzati Corp, vice presidents in departments such as engineering, manufacturing, IT, and human resources report directly to the chief executive officer and undertake their tasks independently of each other. The staffs of these departments have specialized skills in their respective disciplines.Rizatti Corp can be said to have a _____ organizational structure. symbolic functional project matrix
functional
The _____ characteristic of organizational culture describes the degree to which management's decisions take into account the effect of outcomes on people within the organization. unit integration group emphasis member identity people focus
people focus
The _____ perspective on organizations assumes that organizations are coalitions composed of varied individuals and interest groups. symbolic frame human resources frame political frame structural frame
political frame
In a _____organizational structure, program managers, rather than functional managers or vice presidents, report to the CEO. Their staffs have a variety of skills needed to complete all required tasks within their programs. functional project matrix symbolic
project
Project managers have the most authority in a pure _____ organizational structure. functional circular project matrix
project
Which of the following best describes outsourcing? An organization's use of virtual teams with employees located in different countries An organization selling its products in a market outside its domestic market An organization setting up manufacturing and retailing facilities in a new country An organization's acquisition of goods and services from an outside source
An organization's acquisition of goods and services from an outside source
Which of the following best describes a kill point in the project life cycle? The period of time given to managers during the feasibility phases to decide on the cost, quality, and time constraints for the project The final submission of the project deliverables after which the project is terminated A review of the status of a project at each phase of development to determine if it should be continued, redirected, or terminated The point of time in the project lifecycle after which it is impossible to terminate a running project
A review of the status of a project at each phase of development to determine if it should be continued, redirected, or terminated
_____ refers to a set of shared assumptions, values, and behaviors that characterize the functioning of an organization. Organizational culture Organizational structure Chain of command Line of control
Organizational culture
Which of the following is true of a matrix organizational structure? In a strong matrix organizational structure, the project manager controls the project budget and has moderate to high authority. Project managers in matrix organizations have staff from only a single functional area working on their projects. A matrix organizational structure is hierarchical, but instead of functional managers reporting to the CEO, program managers report to the CEO. In a matrix organizational structure, employees are organized into departments according to their skills, and there is little interaction between employees from different departments.
In a strong matrix organizational structure, the project manager controls the project budget and has moderate to high authority.
Which of the following is true of the agile approach to software development? In the agile method, requirements and solutions evolve through collaboration. Agile is a predictive model of software development. An agile approach sets scope goals, but leaves time and cost goals flexible. In the agile approach, requirements must be clearly expressed early in the life cycle.
In the agile method, requirements and solutions evolve through collaboration
Which of the following is true of the agile approach to software development? In the agile method, requirements and solutions evolve through collaboration. An agile approach sets scope goals, but leaves time and cost goals flexible. Agile is a predictive model of software development. In the agile approach, requirements must be clearly expressed early in the life cycle.
In the agile method, requirements and solutions evolve through collaboration.
Which of the following is true of the project life cycle? More resources are usually needed during the initial phases of a project than during the middle or final phases. In the later phases of the project life cycle, the level of uncertainty is usually the highest. It is much more expensive to make major changes to a project during the earlier phases than the latter phases. In the early phases of a project life cycle, resource needs are usually lowest.
In the early phases of a project life cycle, resource needs are usually lowest.
Which of the following is true of virtual teams? It is easier for a virtual team to build relationships and trust. As they never meet, virtual teams do not have conflicts. Negative incentives do not impact virtual team members. It is important to select team members carefully.
It is important to select team members carefully.
Which of the following is true of virtual teams? Negative incentives do not impact virtual team members. It is important to select team members carefully. As they never meet, virtual teams do not have conflicts. It is easier for a virtual team to build relationships and trust.
It is important to select team members carefully.
_____ refers to the degree to employees identify with the organization as a whole, rather than with their types of job or profession. Unit integration Member identity Group emphasis People focus
Member identity
