CIT 214 Exam 1 Study Guide

If the relationship is optional than the minimum value of the multiplicity is equal to _____. A. 0 B. 1 C. 2 D. none of the above

A. 0

If a form has a master-detail relationship, it will lead to two tables that have A. A one-to-many relationship. B. A many-to-many relationship. C. A one-to-one relationship. D. Two one-to-one relationships. E. No relationship.

A. A one-to-many relationship.

It is possible to store an employee photograph within a database table in most DBMSs by assigning the data type: A. Binary large object. B. Large text. C. Numeric. D. Memo. E. XML.

A. Binary large object.

A data column containing the price of an item should be assigned a data type of A. Currency or money. B. Double precision. C. AutoNumber or identity. D. XML. E. Long integer.

A. Currency or money.

A key step in solving 2NF design problems is A. Identifying exactly which columns depend on multiple parts of a composite key. B. Identifying repeating relationships. C. Finding examples of non-atomic data. D. Finding new/missing keys that determine attribute values. E. All of the above

A. Identifying exactly which columns depend on multiple parts of a composite key.

Creating a database table that combines a person's first name and last name into one column A. Is an example of a design that does not have atomic values. B. Is an acceptable design because string functions can always be used to separate the two. C. Is a useful approach because it saves a significant amount of storage space. D. Is not a problem today because computers are fast enough to handle any potential problems. E. All of the above.

A. Is an example of a design that does not have atomic values.

What is the first normalization rule? A. Split the design into two tables to create atomic values. B. Duplicate records with repeating values. C. Create separate columns for repeating data. D. None of the above.

A. Split the design into two tables to create atomic values.

Referential integrity controls help to protect the data from inconsistencies, but it can make it more difficult for the user because A. data has to be entered into tables in the correct order. B. users have to delete data from all related tables when deleting one entry. C. users have to memorize ID values to ensure they are entered correctly. D. ID values can never be changed. E. All of the above.

A. data has to be entered into tables in the correct order.

A business _____ contains _____ to describe features of items for which data needs to be collected. A. entity, attributes B. method, attributes C. attribute, properties D. class, entities D. entity, methods

A. entity, attributes

Distributed databases that need to generate key values in multiple locations at the same time often make use of A. globally-unique identifiers (GUIDs) B. basic random number generators C. sequential ID generators D. a central ID generator E. a high speed network to generate and transfer ID values

A. globally-unique identifiers (GUIDs)

Generalization generates a class __________. A. hierarchy B. specifics C. diagram D. description

A. hierarchy

In Microsoft SQL Server, to define a generated key column, the data type set for the column is A. int B. bigint C. float D. identity E. float

A. int

In common business feasibility studies for information technology projects, a common source of benefits is A. reduced costs due to fewer workers. B. reduced costs by using more IT workers instead of line workers. C. reduced costs by using less hardware. D. increased value through data conversion. E. All of the above

A. reduced costs due to fewer workers.

An association where a column in one table connects to a second column in the same table is known as: A. reflexive B. inheritance C. encapsulation D. derived E. complex

A. reflexive

A relational database is a collection of carefully defined _____ organized for a common purpose. A. tables B. attributes C. properties D. classes E. relationships

A. tables

Which of the following symbols commonly represents the value 'many' of the multiplicity? A. # B. * C. + D. ~

B. *

Which of the following is the possible problem with a table in the second normal form but not third normal form? A. It is difficult to insert a new item. B. A hidden dependency leads to data duplication. C. The number of tables is growing. D. All of the above

B. A hidden dependency leads to data duplication.

In a database diagram, which of the following designs is always wrong? A. A table with all of the columns specified as part of the primary key. B. A table with a primary key that includes a generated key column and a second column. C. A table with an association from a generated key to a non-generated key column in a second table. D. A table with a single column in the primary key but it is not a generated key. E. All of the above.

B. A table with a primary key that includes a generated key column and a second column

Many Web applications store complex data in key-value pairs and need rapid access to large volumes of data. An open-source DBMS specifically designed to handle these loads is A. Oracle B. Cassandra C. SQL Server D. Amazon S3 E. IBM DB2

B. Cassandra

First normal form (1NF) is achieved when A. All tables have primary keys. B. Each cell value contains atomic data. C. Each non-key column depends on the whole key. D. Each non-key column depends on nothing but the key. E. Each table represents a single concept.

B. Each cell value contains atomic data.

Which of the following is the main concern related to the primary key? A. It always consists of one column. B. It must uniquely identify each row in the table. C. It is composed from several columns. D. It is not necessary for the table to have one.

B. It must uniquely identify each row in the table.

Using the Item Reviews form, which of the following relationships is accurate? Item Reviews ItemID, Description, Category, Price Reviews Date/time, Comment, Rating, Reviewer Screen Name, Date started A. Item : Reviewer 1 : M B. Item : Comment 1 : M C. Item : Comment M : N D. Reviewer : Comment M : N E. Reviewer : Comment 1 : 1

B. Item : Comment 1 : M

_________ integrity exists when a value for a foreign key can be entered only if the corresponding value already exists in the originating table. A. Functional B. Referential C. Influential D. Fundamental

B. Referential

An n-ary association A. Arises whenever a table uses multiple columns in the primary key. B. Represents an association or event that involves more than two entities. C. Is used to handle cases of multiple one-to-one relationships. D. Is handled in the database design by creating a new generated key column. E. All of the above.

B. Represents an association or event that involves more than two entities.

UML stands for ________________________. A. Universal Modeling Language B. Unified Modeling Library C. Unified Modeling Language D. Unified Mathematical Language

B. Unified Modeling Library

Which type of model is used most heavily in the database design phase? A. process model B. class or object model C. collaboration diagram D. data flow diagram E. implementation model

B. class or object model

Which of the following is the first step of application development? A. develop forms B. identify user requirements C. build queries D. develop reports

B. identify user requirements

Data _____________ is the process of defining tables properly to provide flexibility, reduce redundancy and ensure data integrity. A. collection B. normalization C. analysis D. definition

B. normalization

The main purpose of assigning default values to data columns is A. to show users the type of data that should be entered. B. to speed up data entry. C. to prevent users from entering incorrect values. D. to give users something to edit. E. to ensure referential integrity.

B. to speed up data entry.

Which data type is best suited to storing CustomerID values for a large company that sells directly to the public? A. byte B. 16-bit integer C. 32-bit integer D. single-precision float E. text or varchar (255)

C. 32-bit integer

Given the table list below and common assumptions, in which normal form is this list? Customer(CustomerID, FirstName, LastName, Address, City, State, ZIPCode) Sale(SaleID, SaleDate, CustomerID) SaleItems(SaleID, ItemID, Quantity) Item(ItemID, Description, ListPrice, QuantityOnHand) A. 1NF B. 2NF C. 3NF D. None of the above

C. 3NF

When converting a class diagram to a set of relational tables, a reflexive relationship, such as Employee/Manager is handled by A. Making the ID value a primary key. B. Adding the ID value again as a second column and making it part of the key. C. Adding the ID value again as a second column without making it part of the key. D. Adding a second table and duplicating the rows needed to link to the first table. E. Deleting all key columns from the original table.

C. Adding the ID value again as a second column without making it part of the key.

A primary key consisting of the two columns * EmployeeID, * OfficeID indicates which of the following relationships? A. Each employee is assigned one office. B. Each office is assigned to a single employee. C. An employee has many offices and an office can have many employees. D. An office can never be assigned to multiple employees at the same time. E. An office has many employees but each employee has one office.

C. An employee has many offices and an office can have many employees.

Which of the following is the SQL command that creates tables? A. BUILD TABLE B. TABLE C. CREATE TABLE D. TABLE CREATE

C. CREATE TABLE

Second normal form (2NF) is achieved when the design is in first normal form and A. All tables have primary keys. B. Each cell value contains atomic data. C. Each non-key column depends on the whole key. D. Each non-key column depends on nothing but the key. E. Each table represents a single concept.

C. Each non-key column depends on the whole key.

A business HRM application needs to have job applicants enter personal data that will then be evaluated by HRM employees and shared within the company for job searches. This specific part of the application is best built using which tool? A. Report writer B. Query builder C.Form generator D. Security Administration console E. Table designer

C. Form generator

A key first step in designing databases is A. Defining tables B. Creating input forms C. Identifying business rules D. Programming applications E. Choosing a DBMS

C. Identifying business rules

What is the biggest disadvantage of the hierarchical database approach? A. The hierarchical approach is relatively fast when accessing data from the top B. Many people are familiar with hierarchical structure C. It is difficult to search for records in the middle or in the bottom of hierarchy D. It is the same as the network database main disadvantage

C. It is difficult to search for records in the middle or in the bottom of hierarchy

Which type of relationship on business forms often leads to the creation of a composite key in the database design for that form? A. Simple main form B. Tabular form C. Master-detail D. Linked forms E. All of the above

C. Master-detail

Which of the following types of database management storage is the most common in business applications today? A. Hierarchical B. Network C. Relational D. Key-value pairs E. Object

C. Relational

Which tool is commonly deployed today as a Web service to support user access with a Web browser from almost any location? A. Forms builder C. Report writer D. Data dictionary E. Database engine

C. Report writer

Tables that are not in Boyce-Codd Normal Form (BCNF) have problems with data because A. Some non-key column does not depend on the whole key which leads to duplicate data. B. Some non-key column depends on a different key which leads to duplicate data. C. Some key column depends on a non-key column which leads to lost data if a row is deleted. D. Two key columns depend on a third key column but are not related to each other. E. None of the above.

C. Some key column depends on a non-key column which leads to lost data if a row is deleted.

All of the following are examples of a generic data domain except _________. A. Text B. Number C. Sound D. Date/Time

C. Sound

A hospital database has a system that automatically causes new pharmacy supplies to be ordered when they fall below a predetermined stock level. Such a procedure is known in database theory as a A. Gadget B. Macro C. Trigger D. Whozit E. None of the above

C. Trigger

Using the Daily Production Report, which of the following tables should contain the Machine column? A. Employee B. Shift C. Workstation D. ProductionDetails E. Item

C. Workstation

Which of the following is defined as a relationship between two or more classes? A. method B. property C. association D. class

C. association

Which data type can be used to store photographs in a database table? A. long text B. XML C. blob D. date E. nvarchar2

C. blob

The primary key that is composed from several columns is called a _____________? A. complex key B. multicolumn key C. composite key D. base key

C. composite key

Which of the following is not an advantage of database management systems? A. data integration B. efficient data storage C. data redundancy D. fast data retrieval

C. data redundancy

Using the Item Reviews form and common business rules, which of the following tables is in third normal form? Item Reviews ItemID, Description, Category, Price Reviews Date/time, Comment, Rating, Reviewer Screen Name, Date started A. *ItemID, Description, *DateTime, Comment, Rating B. *ItemID, *ReviewerID, ScreenName, Rating C. *ItemID, Description, Category, Price, Rating D. *ItemID, *DateTime, ReviewerID, Comment, Rating E. *ReviewerID, *DateTime, Comment, Rating

D. *ItemID, *DateTime, ReviewerID, Comment, Rating

A proposed table for a movie Web site has three key columns (*MovieID, *ActorID, *ReviewID). Although each movie has many actors and many reviews, the reviews apply to the movie in general and not to the actor. This example specifically violates which normal form? A. 1NF B. 2NF C. 3NF D. 4NF E. BCNF

D. 4NF

Which of the following is true when converting a many-to-many relationship to database table? A. Intermediate table is created to link two tables. B. Primary keys from related tables are included to the intermediate table. C. Many-to-many relationship must be split into two one-to-many relationships. D. All of the above.

D. All of the above.

Which of the following is not one of the major types of business events involved in a database application? A. Business events such as a sale. B. Data changes such as subtractions from inventory quantity. C. User interface events such as clicks. D. DBMS events such as upgrading the DBMS software.

D. DBMS events such as upgrading the DBMS software.

Third normal form is achieved when the design is in second normal form and A. All tables have primary keys. B. Each cell value contains atomic data. C. Each non-key column depends on the whole key. D. Each non-key column depends on nothing but the key. E. Each table represents a single concept.

D. Each non-key column depends on nothing but the key.

Tables that are not in Fourth Normal Form (4NF) have problems with data because A. Some non-key column does not depend on the whole key which leads to duplicate data. B. Some non-key column depends on a different key which leads to duplicate data. C. Some key column depends on a non-key column which leads to lost data if a row is deleted. D. Two key columns depend on a third key column but are not related to each other. E. None of the above.

D. Two key columns depend on a third key column but are not related to each other.

Class diagram contains _____________. A. entities B. associations C. multiplicities D. all of the above

D. all of the above

Which of the following is the database design problem that should be resolved using data normalization? A. insertion anomaly B. update anomaly C. deletion anomaly D. both A and C

D. both A and C

A database design in which all business rules are explicitly defined by table rules and relationships is in A. First normal form. B. Third normal form. C. Fourth normal form. D. Domain-key normal form. E. All of the above

E. All of the above

Repeating groups of data on a form such as subforms containing items being purchased on a sale A. Lead to the problem not being in first normal form. B. Can be solved by creating a new table for the subform. C. Require that the primary key for the form be included in a new table with the subform data. D. Result in a subform table that contains a composite key. E. All of the above

E. All of the above

A database design with a table of the form CourseBooks(CourseID, BookID, CaseID) where different instructors use different cases and different books in each course, but books and cases are not related to each other is NOT in: A. First normal form. B. Second normal form. C. Third normal form. D. Boyce-Codd normal form. E. Fourth normal form.

E. Fourth normal form.

A data dictionary holds A. table and column names. B. descriptions or comments about data tables and columns. C. data validation constraints. D. metadata including data types. E. all of the above.

E. all of the above.

Which of the following statements is true regarding generated keys in a database design? A. A generated key column is always the primary key in a table. B. Tables with a generated key usually have a second column as part of the key. C. A relationship with a generated key column usually connects to a second generated key column in another table. D. Tables can have two generated key columns. E. All tables should use generated keys.

A. A generated key column is always the primary key in a table.

Two of the features commonly provided by object or object-relational databases are A. Abstract data types and subtables B. Custom object methods and subtables C. Multiple entry points and internal reference links D. Abstract data types and SQL E. Persistent stored modules and abstract data types

A. Abstract data types and subtables

Which of the following is the name of the more-complete version of 3NF? A. Boyce-Codd normal form B. Domain-Key normal form C. Fifth normal form D. Boyce third normal form

A. Boyce-Codd normal form

What accounts for databases' usually being three to five times larger than a correctly estimated, minimum data volume for the database? A. Extra space is needed for indexes, log files, forms, programs, and backup data B. It is needed to improve GUI design C. It is needed to support billing services D. This extra space is needed for spare empty tables E. None of the above

A. Extra space is needed for indexes, log files, forms, programs, and backup data

When designing a database table, computed values A. Should not be stored but defined as a pseudo column. B. Should be created and stored in separate tables. C. Should be created stored in the same table as the underlying data along with computations created in forms. D. Should be included in the database table only if it is not possible to convince the users that they are unnecessary. E. None of the above

A. Should not be stored but defined as a pseudo column.

The problem encountered when a design is NOT in second normal form is that A. Some columns depend on only part of a composite key. B. Some columns depend on a column that is not part of the primary key. C. Some columns contain repeating or non-atomic data. D. All of the columns are part of the primary key. E. All of the above.

A. Some columns depend on only part of a composite key.

One of the biggest challenges of domain key normal form (DKNF) is A. There is no defined method to get to that point. B. It is radically different from 3NF. C. It is in conflict with BCNF. D. It is almost impossible to set keys correctly to achieve DKNF. E. The problems related to DKNF are minor and not worth the effort to achieve.

A. There is no defined method to get to that point.

A main step when integrating database design views created by multiple developers is A. To identify tables with the same primary keys. B. To identify tables with no primary keys. C. To assign surrogate keys to all of the tables. D. To delete tables with the same name. E. All of the above.

A. To identify tables with the same primary keys.

When a business often holds sales where the prices are discounted, it is necessary to design the database tables A. To include the list price in the Item table and the sale price in the SaleItem table. B. With a single price in the Item table. C. With a single sale price in the SaleItem table. D. With a discount percent stored in the Sale table. E. With a separate table to hold discount sale prices.

A. To include the list price in the Item table and the sale price in the SaleItem table.

A primary purpose of database normalization is A. To protect the integrity of the data. B. To reduce the amount of storage space needed. C. To improve the performance of specific database queries. D. To make it easier for developers to create forms and reports. E. To torture database students.

A. To protect the integrity of the data.

A table cell contains a(n) ________ value if there is only a single non-repeating item. A. atomic B. basic C. default D. unique

A. atomic

When computing the initial estimates of the data volume for a new database, the tables that will take up the most space are usually those A. with the most number of columns in the primary key. B. storing binary large objects such as employee photos. C. with the most number of non-key columns. D. with very large text columns. E. with the longest retention time.

A. with the most number of columns in the primary key.

What needs to be done for converting one-to-many relationships? A. Create a new table B. Add primary key from the one-side into the many-side table C. Add primary key from the many-side into one-side table D. Combine both tables into one

B. Add primary key from the one-side into the many-side table

A typical business application contains Customer attributes for CustomerID, LastName, FirstName, Phone, and E-mail; as well as Order attributes for OrderID, OrderDate, and CustomerID. Which of the following statements (is/are) true? A. OrderID depends on CustomerID B. CustomerID depends on OrderID C. CustomerID depends on LastName D. OrderID depends on OrderDate. E. All of the above

B. CustomerID depends on OrderID

Using the Item Reviews form, which tables would likely use generated keys? Item Reviews ItemID, Description, Category, Price Reviews Date/time, Comment, Rating, Reviewer Screen Name, Date started A. Item, Comment B. Item, Reviewer C. Reviewer, Comment D. Item, Reviewer, Comment E. Comment

B. Item, Reviewer

Which of the following is not true for the first normal form? A. A table has no repeating groups of data. B. Some cells contain two or more atomic values. C. Each cell in the table contains only one value. D. The value in each cell is atomic.

B. Some cells contain two or more atomic values.

The data dictionary/repository contains A. all the data contained in the database. B. definitions of all the tables, columns, data domains and assumptions used in the database. C. help files for working with databases. D. all of the above. E. None of the above.

B. definitions of all the tables, columns, data domains and assumptions used in the database.

When combining tables designed by several different people, an important step in the process is to A. look for tables with the same name. B. look for tables with the same primary keys. C. require everyone to use a specific naming convention at the start. D. enter sample data into all tables. E. ensure that everyone has completely separate parts to work on to avoid overlap.

B. look for tables with the same primary keys.

When converting a class diagram to database tables, because of the relational table structure, one of the more challenging issues to handle is A. one-to-many relationships B. object subtypes and inheritance C. many-to-many relationships D. one-to-one relationships E. reflexive relationships

B. object subtypes and inheritance

All of the following are main rules for data normalization except __________________. A. each cell in a table contains atomic data B. some nonkey columns depend on part of the primary key columns C. each nonkey column depends on all of the primary key columns D. each nonkey column depends on nothing outside of the key columns

B. some nonkey columns depend on part of the primary key columns

Copying attributes from a form led to an initial design of: MeetingSchedule(*PersonID, Name, Title, (*Date/Time, Contact, Phone, Reason)) Parentheses indicate a repeating section, and the asterisks (*) indicate likely keys. This design can be converted to 1NF as: A. Meeting(*PersonID, Name, Title) + Reason(*Date/Time, Contact, Phone, Reason) B. Meeting(*PersonID, Name, Title, *Date/Time) + Reason(*Date/Time, Contact, Phone, Reason) C. Meeting(*PersonID, Name, Title) + Reason(*PersonID, *Date/Time, Contact, Phone, Reason) D. Meeting(*PersonID, Name, Title) + Reason(*Date/Time, PersonID, Contact, Phone, Reason) E. Making no changes to the original.

C. Meeting(*PersonID, Name, Title) + Reason(*PersonID, *Date/Time, Contact, Phone, Reason)

Which of the following is the best approach for converting subtype entities to a relational database? A. To compress all subclasses into the main class, that contains all the properties of the subclasses. B. To create separate tables for each subclass and the main class. C. To create separate tables for each subclass with a primary key from the main class. D. None of the above.

C. To create separate tables for each subclass with a primary key from the main class.

Using the Item Reviews form, the proposed table with columns: *Item, *DateTime, ReviewerID, Comment, Rating, ScreenName, DateStarted to be converted to 3NF needs Item Reviews ItemID, Description, Category, Price Reviews Date/time, Comment, Rating, Reviewer Screen Name, Date started A. A new single-column generated key. B. To remove the ReviewerID column. C. To remove the ScreenName and DateStarted columns. D. To set ReviewerID as an additional key E. None of the above.

C. To remove the ScreenName and DateStarted columns.

A database table __________ exists when one attribute always identifies a specific value of another attribute. A. reliance B. relationship C. dependency D. functionality

C. dependency

The main purpose of computing the initial estimate of data volume is to A. identify exactly how much disk storage capacity to buy. B. determine the licensing costs for the database software. C. estimate the approximate scale of the project for planning. D. hire enough designers to ensure the project is completed on time. E. All of the above.

C. estimate the approximate scale of the project for planning.

The process of deriving more detailed classes from the base class is called ____________. A. encapsulation B. polymorphism C. inheritance D. specialization

C. inheritance

All of the following relationships need to be considered when converting a class diagram to normalized tables except ___________. A. one-to-many B. many-to-many C. one-to-one D. reflexive

C. one-to-one

A Sales table contains CustomerID as a foreign key, but inspecting the data in the two tables reveals several entries in the Sales table that contain a CustomerID value that no longer exists in the Customer table. This problem is a violation of A. data value constraint B. list violation C. referential integrity D. sloppy data entry E. All of the above

C. referential integrity

When using most SQL database systems such as Oracle and SQL Server to define tables and relationships, it is best to write and store the SQL CREATE TABLE commands in a text file because A. the graphical interfaces rarely include all of the many options. B. the graphical tools take too long to learn. C. the text file can be saved, edited, and re-installed later. D. the SQL commands work the same for every DBMS E. All of the above

C. the text file can be saved, edited, and re-installed later.

Using common assumptions, which of the following columns would NOT depend on CustomerID? A. Last name B. Phone number C. Birth date D. Sale date E. Age

D. Sale date

You need composite keys when the table contains a ___________ relationship with another table. A. one-to-one B. many-to-many C. one-to-many D. either B or C

D. either B or C

The term for information that describes the types of data available in a database and the structure of the database is a. data dictionary. B. data repository. C. index data. D. metadata. E. None of the above.

D. metadata.

Using the Item Reviews form and common business rules, which of the following tables is in third normal form? Item Reviews ItemID, Description, Category, Price Reviews Date/time, Comment, Rating, Reviewer Screen Name, Date started A. *ItemID, Description, Category, Price, Rating B. *ReviewerID, ScreenName, DateStarted, Comment C. *DateTime, ItemID, Description, ReviewerID, Comment, Rating D. ReviewerID, ScreenName, DateStarted E. *ItemID, Description, Category, Price

E. *ItemID, Description, Category, Price

Surrogate or generated keys are commonly used when A. New key values need to be created during computer interactions such as online ordering. B. When key values need to be created across multiple systems at the same time. C. When a huge number of key values are needed. D. When base entities are independent of others, such as Customers, Items, and Orders. E. All of the above

E. All of the above

As presented by Fagin, the ultimate goal in database design is ________ where each table represents one topic and for all business rules are expressed in constraints and relationships. A. 2NF B. 3NF C. 4NF D. BCNF E. DKNF

E. DKNF

A business rule states that a patient can be supported by several insurance companies, and of course insurance companies have many clients/patients. These rules would be represented best by which of the following relationships (where */underline indicate a key). A. *PatientID, *InsuranceID B. *PatientID, InsuranceID C. PatientID, *InsuranceID D. PatientID, InsuranceID

A. *PatientID, *InsuranceID

Which of the following would make the best primary key for a Customer table? A. A generated value created by the DBMS. B. Social security number. C. Last name + First name. D. Cell phone number. E. Home address.

A. A generated value created by the DBMS.

The collection of data that is stored in a standardized format, designed to be shared by multiple users and accessed through a standardized software interface capable of managing multiple files as a single integrated entity is known as a A. Database B. Data dictionary C. Database engine D. Database management system (DBMS) E. None of the above

A. Database

The phase of a new database project that involves evaluating business needs, possible benefits and estimated costs of hardware and software within the organization is called the A. Feasibility study B. Analysis phase C. Design phase D. Development phase E. Implementation phase

A. Feasibility study

Which database management approach is closest to a filing cabinet system where data is sorted and retrieved from the top-down? A. Hierarchical B. Network C. Key-value pair D. Relational E. Object

A. Hierarchical

Dates are stored in a DBMS as _____ A. Long numbers that count days from a specified date. B. Text values. C. Three separate parts: month, day, and year. D. Four separate parts: month, day, year, and time. E. Binary objects.

A. Long numbers that count days from a specified date.

In considering the advantages of the database approach compared with the pre-1970s systems of individual flat files, we often point to the reduction of data duplication across multiple files. This advantage is best described as A. Minimal data redundancy B. Enforcement of standards C. Ease of application development D. Data independence E. None of the above

A. Minimal data redundancy

Which DBMS tool is commonly employed to enable users to explore data on their own, particularly large amounts of data? A. Online analytical processing (OLAP) B. Online transaction processing (OLTP) C. SQL queries D. Report writer E. Query engine

A. Online analytical processing (OLAP)

One of the greatest problems in creating a class diagram is that A. The solution depends on the business assumptions which must be identified. B. Finding a tool to help create the diagram. C. Getting businesspeople to cooperate when identifying the desired elements. D. Specifying the correct relationships between classes. E. Finding a big enough whiteboard to draw the entire diagram.

A. The solution depends on the business assumptions which must be identified.

The main difference between the char and varchar data types is A. The varchar type allocates space only for the number of characters entered. B. The varchar type supports Unicode characters. C. The varchar type usually requires more storage space for the same data. D. The varchar type is better for small strings such as two-letter state codes. E. All of the above

A. The varchar type allocates space only for the number of characters entered.

In a class diagram, the multiplicity values are determined by A. The way the business operates. B. Standard assumptions involving business practices. C. Accounting principles. D. The database analyst based on experience in multiple companies. E. The database analyst based on the limitations of the DBMS.

A. The way the business operates.

The ability to create new composite properties from existing ones is called a(n) ______________. A. abstract data type B. inheritance C. data structure D. object data type

A. abstract data type

Multiplicity is the property of the ___________. A. association B. object C. class D. table

A. association

An entity listed with its properties is called a(n) ________. A. class B. object C. data D. rule

A. class

What of the following is the most important part of the DBMS? A. database engine B. database tables C. user interface D. database backup and recovery

A. database engine

The difference between a "database" and a "database management system" is that the database A. is just the data stored in an accessible format. B. consists of all of the tools to store, retrieve, and display the data. C. includes security controls to define who can access the data. D. consists of software to manipulate and retrieve the data. E. must be stored differently with new access codes rewritten for every application.

A. is just the data stored in an accessible format.

When a primary key includes multiple columns, each of the underlined columns has a(n) _____ relationship with the other columns. A. many B. one-to-many C. one-to-one D. independent E. unique

A. many

Which of the following better describes data independence? A. separation of data definitions from the program B. altering programs require change of data C. data stored in the database are independent D. data cannot be moved to different hardware platforms

A. separation of data definitions from the program

The default data type for database table column generally is a _________. A. text B. number C. date/time D. none of the above

A. text

In business applications which of the following relationships is most commonly a many-to-many relationship? B. Customer - Item purchased C. Salesperson - Order D. Salesperson - Paycheck E. Customer - Shipping Address

B. Customer - Item purchased

The primary sequence of steps to follow when building a database-driven application are: A. Application logic -> database design -> queries B. Database design -> queries -> forms and reports applications C. Report design -> application programming -> database design D. Queries -> database design -> application logic E. Application logic -> queries -> database design

B. Database design -> queries -> forms and reports applications

The primary steps in formal application development, particularly for large projects, are: A. Feasibility, Programming, Analysis, Design, Training B. Feasibility, Analysis, Design, Development, Implementation C. Interviews, Query Design, Programming, Outsourcing, Purchasing D. Analysis, Design, Purchasing, Implementation, Maintenance E. Feasibility, Consultants, Outsourcing, Purchasing, Failure

B. Feasibility, Analysis, Design, Development, Implementation

Scheduling for large complex projects is often tracked using A. Microsoft Outlook calendars. Correct Answer C. Multiple administrative assistants. D. Shared Google Docs. E. E-mail messages.

B. GANTT charts.

All of the following are the initial steps in database design except _____________. A. Identify the exact goals of the system B. Identify hardware requirements C. Identify the data items to be stored D. Identify any business constraints

B. Identify hardware requirements

The most important characteristic of a primary key in a table is that A. It must be short enough to save space. B. It must be unique in all cases. C. It must be secure and hidden from the users. D. It can never be alphabetic. E. It must consist of only one column.

B. It must be unique in all cases.

Database design for business applications is often challenging, primarily because A. Database design requires following many complex rules. B. The database design has to match the business rules and assumptions. C. It is hard to coordinate the many people working on database design. D. Most business applications rely on objects which do not fit well into a relational context. E. The vast amount of data rows involved make the designs difficult to handle.

B. The database design has to match the business rules and assumptions.

The earliest database architecture was based on a(n) ______________? A. relational database B. hierarchical database C. network database D. object-oriented database

B. hierarchical database

If a database is going to be used for a Web site that needs to support multiple languages, text columns should be stored using the data type: A. varchar B. nvarchar C. long D. blob E. datetime

B. nvarchar

When a derived class defines the same function as a base class, it is known as _____________. A. encapsulation B. polymorphism C. inheritance D. specialization

B. polymorphism

If there is a relationship between two tables, this indicates that A. information from both tables is always used together. B. the data contained in the two tables are related to each other in some way. C. the data from one table is necessarily inherited from the other table. D. the structure of the one table is necessarily inherited from the other table. E. None of the above

B. the data contained in the two tables are related to each other in some way.

One potentially significant drawback to using a DBMS to store and retrieve data is A. the high cost of DBMS software. B. the loss of performance due to the overhead of the DBMS and consistency routines. C. limits on the amount of data that can be stored. D. a shortage of database administrators E. the high cost of extra storage to handle the overhead needs

B. the loss of performance due to the overhead of the DBMS and consistency routines.

Events are actions that are dependent on _______. A. other actions B. time C. some data value D. business rule

B. time

The phase of a new database project that involves defining tables, relationships, forms, reports and application programs is called the A. Feasibility study B. Analysis phase C. Design phase D. Development phase E. Implementation phase

C. Design phase

In a common business feasibility study, which of the following costs are largely fixed (not over time)? A. Software maintenance B. User support C. Software development D. Administrator personnel E. All of the above

C. Software development

The number of tables or classes in a database design greatly depends on A. The skill of the designer. B. The number of many-to-many business relationships. r C. The number of one-to-many business relationships. D. The number of rows of data. E. The total amount of data to be stored, largely measured by the number of years.

C. The number of one-to-many business relationships.

In a database design, business rules are represented in all of the following ways except A. The attributes or columns in a table. B. The relationships among classes or tables. C. The number of rows of data in each table. D. Constraints on data values stored within certain columns. E. The columns selected as primary keys.

C. The number of rows of data in each table.

All of the following are elements that made the relational database the predominant method for storing data, except ___________. A. Hardware and performance was improved B. The basic concepts illustrated the advantage of the relational database C. The relational database concept was similar to the hierarchical database D. Programmers created efficient software components

C. The relational database concept was similar to the hierarchical database

Which of the following is the common type of models used in database design? A. system models B. organization models C. object models D. iterative models

C. object models

A ______________ is used to indicate a generalization relationship. A. small filled triangle C. small unfilled triangle D. small filled diamond

C. small unfilled triangle

The most important features of a DBMS include all of the following except A. Data definition to define the database. B. Data engine to store data efficiently. C. A query language to retrieve data. D. A report writer to build custom application reports.

D. A report writer to build custom application reports.

Two database columns with the following relationship * CarID, DriverID indicates which of the following business rules? A. Several different people can drive the same car (at different times). B. Each driver is assigned to one car. C. A car must always be assigned at least one driver. D. Data can be kept for only one driver for a given car. E. Each driver must be assigned to at least one car

D. Data can be kept for only one driver for a given car.

Because relational databases split data into separate tables, application forms often use ________ to make it easier for users to select data stored in a different table. A. Repeating sections or subforms B. Linked forms C. Automatically computed subtotals D. Drop down or lookup lists E. Record navigation controls.

D. Drop down or lookup lists

Using the Daily Production Report, what would be the primary key column(s) in a Production table that links the entities together to facilitate rebuilding the report? A. EmployeeID B. EmployeeID + WorkstationID C. EmployeeID + WorkstationID + ItemID D. EmployeeID + WorkstationID + ItemID + ShiftID E. None of the above

D. EmployeeID + WorkstationID + ItemID + ShiftID

Which of the following is not a common development issue on large projects? A. Communicating and coordinating with multiple developers. B. Staff turnover before the end of the project. C. Obtaining input from multiple users. D. Handling large sets of data. E. Tracking schedules and progress.

D. Handling large sets of data.

What is the normal sequence of operations in designing a database application? A. Create input forms and reports, integrate features into applications for users, identify business rules, define tables and relationships, B. Define tables and relationships, create input forms and reports, integrate features into applications for users, identify business rules C. Define tables and relationships, create input forms and reports, identify business rules, integrate features into applications for users D. Identify business rules, define tables and relationships, create input forms and reports, integrate features into applications for users E. None of the above

D. Identify business rules, define tables and relationships, create input forms and reports, integrate features into applications for users

For database design, a class diagram needs to include all of the following elements except A. Business entities drawn as boxes for the classes. B. Entity attributes or properties written within the classes. C. A unique and descriptive name for each entity or class. D. Methods for every class, particularly common items such as insert and delete. E. Lines connecting classes to indicate relationships among entities.

D. Methods for every class, particularly common items such as insert and delete.

Which of the following is not a primary advantage of using a DBMS for business application development? A. Minimal data redundancy. B. Easy sharing of data across applications. C. Built-in security, privacy, and integrity controls. D. Rapid access to unique objects that constantly change. E. Data independence

D. Rapid access to unique objects that constantly change.

The database design that consists of multiple tables that are linked together through matching data stored in each table is called a A. Hierarchical database B. Network database C. Object oriented database D. Relational database E. None of the above

D. Relational database

The most common query system in use today is A. Cassandra B. Key-Value pairs C. Oracle D. SQL E. OQL

D. SQL

Typical object-oriented features in a database design, such as those involving inheritance, are shown on a class diagram using A. a plain relationship line. B. a dashed relationship line. c relationship line with a small filled triangle. D. a relationship line with a small unfilled triangle. E. an outline box that contains multiple classes

D. a relationship line with a small unfilled triangle.

Which of the following categories is/are included in the feasibility study of the project? A. ongoing costs B. strategic advantages C. reduced operating costs D. all of the above

D. all of the above

Which of the following is a special type of association? A. aggregation B. composition C. generalization D. all of the above

D. all of the above

A class diagram displays ____________________. A. classes B. records C. relationships D. both A and C

D. both A and C

Database relationships represent _____________. A. organization structure B. database rules C. class properties D. business rules

D. business rules

The _____________ holds the definitions of all of the data tables. A. metadata B. data thesaurus C. data definition table D. data dictionary

D. data dictionary

Which component of the development process changes the most frequently? A. structure of data B. queries C. reports D. data values

D. data values

Which data type takes the most bytes of storage space for each item stored? A. integer B. float C. double D. date E. byte

D. date

Which of the following data types cannot hold text/alphabetic values? A. varchar B. nvarchar C. memo D. decimal E. blob

D. decimal

Which of the following is a variation of a class diagram? A. entity diagram B. object diagram C. organizational diagram D. entity-relationship diagram

D. entity-relationship diagram

Using the Daily Production Report, what is the multiplicity of a relationship between Employee and Item? A. one-to-one B. one-to-many (Employee to Item) C. many-to-one (Employee to Item) D. many-to-many E. None of the above.

D. many-to-many

Which of the following types of relationships between two tables is not directly supported by relational database? A. one-to-many B. one-to-one C. many-to-one D. many-to-many

D. many-to-many

Database applications often can be developed faster than custom programming in part because a DBMS includes A. a form builder that quickly create forms to display and edit data in the database. B. a report writer to create reports with custom layouts and subtotals. C. a query engine to retrieve data to answer complex questions. D. security controls to assign access rights and protect the data. E. All of the above.

E. All of the above

The date data type should be used for all dates instead of text for which of the following reason(s)? A. The DBMS and queries can perform data arithmetic on dates such as adding days. B. Input forms have the ability to display calendars to enter dates. C. The DBMS validates dates as they are entered. D. Forms can support regional date methods for international differences. E. All of the above

E. All of the above

Large projects are more difficult to design because: A. Communication with a large number of users is more difficult. B. Communication between IT workers must increase. C. Staff and employee turnover during the middle of the project is common. D. Monitoring the design process becomes more important and more difficult. E. All of the above.

E. All of the above.

Which of the following database management systems is better than the others for almost all applications? A. Oracle B. SQL Server C. IBM DB2 D. MySQL E. None of the above.

E. None of the above.