CIT 412 - Chapters 3 & 4
Which directory contains the configuration file for GRUB 2
/boot/grub2/
The GRUB 2 configuration file (non-editable).
/boot/grub2/grub.cfg
You have informed users that you need to bring the machine down at the end of the day to perform routine maintenance. However, prior to shutting the system down, you want to send a message to users to give them fifteen minutes to save data and exit the system.Which of the following commands should you use?
shutdown -h +15 It is time for a shutdown!
You need to shut down the system immediately and send a message to logged in users to allow running processes to close gracefully. Which command would you use?
shutdown -h now
You are experiencing a problem with a network server. You want to bring the system down and try reseating the cards within it before restarting it. Which command runs poweroff.target to shut down the system in an orderly manner?
systemctl isolate poweroff.target
You need to perform some system maintenance on a systemd system, and want to prevent users from logging on while you do so. Which command should you run?
systemctl isolate rescue.target
During installation you need to make sure there is plenty of hard disk space allocated to the partition that is going to hold the entire Linux system. What is the mount point for this partition?
/
Which of the following directories should be part of the partition that holds the root (/) directory? (select three)
/bin /proc /etc
You are installing Linux on an old computer with an old BIOS, and you are planning out the partitions of the hard disk drive. Which of the following directories should exist in the first 1024 cylinders of the hard disk drive?
/boot
the script that identifies kernels on the root device and creates menu entries
10_linux
the script file that allows menu entries to be modified
40_custom
which system component verifies the hardware and passes control of the computer to the boot loader?
BIOS
what is the correct order for the boot phases of a linux computer
BIOS, Boot loader, OS kernel, system or init
You have a dual-boot system with a Linux and Windows operating systems. You need to configure the GRUB 2 bootloader to display the menu for 12 seconds before it automatically boots the default operating system. Which of the following is the BEST first step to configure the boot loader?
Edit the timeout parameter in the /etc/default/grub file to say GRUB_TIMEOUT=12
You are editing the /etc/default/grub file. Which option should you use to set the default operating system?
GRUB_DEFAULT=
Defines every locale setting at once while allowing further individual customization via the LC_*
LANG
You are trying to pipe data from the cat command to another program, but the data output does not make sense. You believe that the system's locale is corrupting the output. To test your hypothesis, you decide to change a locale environment variable. Which of the following changed variable would MOST likely produce correct data?
LANG=C
Specifically used an override for LC_MESSAGES
LANGUAGE
A special variable for overriding every other environment setting. It sets all locales to the same setting
LC_ALL
Which environment variable overrides all other locale settings and sets all locales to the same setting?
LC_ALL
Specifies personal name format.
LC_NAME
Which component is responsible for loading and executing the init process?
OS kernel
in which phase is the root partition mounted?
OS kernel
Which of the following systemd unit-specific sections describes how to manage services or applications on the server?
Service
You have a systemd Linux system that is configured to boot into the graphical.target by default. The system seems to be running much slower than normal.You need to reboot the system, but you want it to boot into a single-user target unit with no network access so you can perform troubleshooting tasks and get the system running normally again.What should you do before you reboot?
Set the default boot target to rescue.target
Which of the following character sets is a variable length encoding standard of Unicode that uses one to four 8-bit bytes to support many languages and most commonly used on Linux?
UTF-8
Which of the following are true about the ASCII character set? (Choose TWO.)
Uses a seven-bit encoding technique Does not include international symbols
Which of the following commands will help you to determine which version of GRUB is installed on your Linux system?
grub-install -v grub2-install --version
You have just finished installing an updated kernel on your email server that has been patched to solve a security vulnerability and wish to reboot as soon as possible. This is a busy time of day, and you do not want the server down any longer than necessary.Which option prevents fsck from running after the reboot and allows the system to boot faster?
shutdown -f
Which partition functions as virtual memory?
swap
You are working on a systemd-based Linux distribution. Which command can you use to manage the services and targets?
systemctl
If a systemd system is configured to use multi-user.target as the default boot target, which file has a symbolic link, or symlink, to the multi-user.target file?
/etc/systemd/system/default.target
What is the full path and filename of the GRUB 2 file that is used for editing the default behavior of the bootloader menu?
/etc/default/grub
the GRUB2 configuration file (editable)
/etc/default/grub
The FRUB2 directory for script files
/etc/grub.d/
You have GRUB2 installed on your Linux workstation. You need to make changes to the boot menu. Which files and scripts can you edit to modify the menu entries and behavior of the boot menu?
/etc/grub.d/40_custom /etc/default/grub
Anna, a system administrator, wants to prevent users from pressing the Ctrl+Alt+Delete key combination to reboot the server. Which configuration file should be modified to change this setting?
/etc/inittab
What is the full path to the directory that contains user data for all standard users on the system?
/home
You are in the process of manually creating the partitions during a Linux installation. Knowing that users will often require a lot of space to store their files, which of the following directories ( or mount points) SHOULD be configured on its own partition?
/home
Most Linux distributions will propose to create the root (/) and swap partitions by default. To prevent user files and system log files from filling up the / partition, which 2 additional partitions are you most strongly recommended to create? (select two)
/home /var
Which of the following directories MUST remain on the same partition? (select three)
/lib /dev /sbin
If not cleared out, log files can eventually consume a large amount of data, sometimes filling a drive to its capacity. If the log files are on the same partition as the operating system, this could potentially bring down a Linux computer. Which of the following directories (or mount points) SHOULD be configured on its own partition to prevent this from happening?
/var
For which of the following directories should you create separate partitions?
/var /home
Your system is currently running the multi-user.target. You want to enable the bluetooth.service to run when the graphical.target is loaded. There are two commands you must enter from a command prompt to accomplish this task. Drag the commands on the left to the appropriate step number on the right. (Tip: Not all commands on the left will be used.) -Step 1 -Step 2
1) systemctl isolate graphical.target 2) systemctl enable bluetooth.service
You have a Linux system with 8 GB of RAM installed. You plan to use this as a server system. How much space should you plan to partition for the swap file?
8GB
Which of the following will prevent a user from booting a computer, booting from removable devices, and changing UEFI/BIOS settings?
Set a UEFI/BIOS password
If an attacker boots into single user mode, they are logged in automatically as the root user without being required to enter the root password.
Set a bootloader password
You are working on a Linux distribution that uses systemd. Which non-symlink file in the /usr/lib/systemd /system/ directory is used to start the services necessary for multiple users, networking, and for a graphical display?
graphical.target
After updating the settings in the /etc/default/grub file, you know the changes must be written to the grub.cfg file before they will be used. What would you enter a the command prompt to write the changes to the grub.cfg file?
grub2-mkconfig -o /boot/grub2/grub.cfg
You are experiencing a problem with a SysV init network server. You want to bring the system down and try reseating the cards within it before restarting it. Which command completely shuts down the system in an orderly manner?
init 0
Your Linux system was installed for you while you were living in the United States of America. You have since been transferred to a satellite office located in Wood Walton, England, and have taken your computer with you. Since England uses the larger A4 paper size, you would like to change the LC_PAPER locale environment variable. Which of the following is the BEST shell command to use for this purpose
localectl
You are working on a Linux distribution that uses systemd. Which file in the /usr/lib/systemd/system/directory is text-based and used to start the services that support multiple users and support networking?
multi-user.target
what is the core process for a systemd-based Linux system?
systemd
You are experiencing a problem with one particular server. Each time it boots, it goes into single user mode even though no warnings or errors are reported. You want to verify that it is configured to boot to the multi-user.target unit, just as all your other servers are. This system is running systemd. Which command would you use to see which boot target is set as the default?
systemctl get-default
Your system is currently running the multi-user.target. What would you enter at the command prompt to find out if the atd.service is configured to start every time the multi-user.target is loaded?
systemctl is-enabled atd.service
You are on a systemd system and you want to change from the currently running target unit, without rebooting the system, to a target that supports networking, multiple users, and displays a graphical interface. What command should you enter?
systemctl isolate graphical.target
After making changes to the configuration of the anaconda.service, you must make those changes take effect. Which single command do you enter to make this service use the new configuration? (Note: There is n
systemctl restart anaconda.service
The current default boot target is multi-user.target, but you want to use this system as a desktop workstation. You need a boot target that supports multiple users, networking, and has a graphical display. This is a systemd system. What command should you enter to change the default boot target to one that meets these needs?
systemctl set-default graphical.target
After getting calls about users not being able to print, you check the status of the cups.service and find that it is not running. What would you enter at the command prompt to get the cups.service running?
systemctl start cups.service
What would you enter at the command prompt to find out if the cups.service is running?
systemctl status cups.service
Which daemon is responsible for bringing up other units and services when boot targets are changed?
systemd
Which of the following has a process ID (PID) of 1?
the initial (init) process
You have a system with more than one Linux operating system installed. During the system's bootup process, which component loads a splash screen, thus allowing you to choose which operating system you want to run?
the secondary boot loader
