civil rights and liberties
Read the excerpt from the US Constitution. Congress shall make no law respecting . . . religion, or prohibiting the free exercise thereof. Which example violates this portion of Amendment I? A student is allowed to read the Bible in class. A woman is allowed to hold a religious meeting in a park. A mayor attends a different church than his employees. A governor declares a new state religion.
A governor declares a new state religion.
Which scenario is allowed under the free-exercise clause? A parent leads a prayer in a public park. A teacher gives out crosses at school. A doctor charges religious patients less money. A worker places a menorah in the lobby at city hall
A parent leads a prayer in a public park.
According to the Gideon v. Wainwright case, what was Gideon denied during his court proceedings ? Access to a fair trial Access to a jury Access to an attorney Access to his accuser's identity
Access to an attorney
Which of these statements accurately describes the Fifth Amendment? Searches and seizures must be reasonable. A search warrant based on probable cause is required. The police may not question citizens immediately if public safety is at risk. All citizens are entitled to due process.
All citizens are entitled to due process.
Which statement best describes the impact of the Gideon decision? The police now have additional resources to track down criminals. All people, whether wealthy or not, now have the same rights in court. People with no savings may now raise bail that they could not otherwise afford. Trials that deal with serious crimes can now move forward quickly.
All people, whether wealthy or not, now have the same rights in court.
Who was responsible for initially filing the lawsuit questioning the use of quotas as affirmative action? Justice Powell Allan Bakke UC Davis Board of Education
Allan Bakke
How are the Griswold v. Connecticut and Roe v. Wade cases similar? Both were based on the Fifth Amendment. Both were decided by the same justices. Both were challenging enumerated rights. Both challenged the constitutionality of state laws.
Both challenged the constitutionality of state laws.
Chief Justice Earl Warren stated, "Separate educational facilities are inherently unequal." What did the use of "inherently" imply about segregation? By its very definition, it cannot be equal. It is an integral part of American society. Based on its meaning, separation is a natural inclination. It was intended to be a state right, not a national mandate.
By its very definition, it cannot be equal.
Which government agency analyzed data to ensure African-Americans were receiving fair treatment at the polls? NAACP Census Bureau Voting Rights Department Justice Bureau
Census Bureau
Read the excerpt from the Fourteenth Amendment of the United States Constitution. The Congress shall have power to enforce, by appropriate legislation, the provisions of this article. This Fourteenth Amendment clause means that Congress cannot do anything in relation to the Fourteenth Amendment. all states have the authority to make laws to apply the amendment. all citizens will be subject to the same set of legal procedures. Congress has the authority to make laws to apply the amendment.
Congress has the authority to make laws to apply the amendment.
What was the impact of the Griswold v. Connecticut ruling? Couples were required to keep marriage vows private. Couples were allowed to keep their marriage decisions private. Couples were expected to obey state law regarding marriage. Couples were encouraged to regard their marriage as sacred.
Couples were allowed to keep their marriage decisions private.
Why did Allan Bakke file a lawsuit? His medical test application was incorrectly scored. He was an advocate of affirmative action. His test scores were lower than minority students. He felt he was denied admission to school based on race.
He felt he was denied admission to school based on race.
In Miranda v. Arizona (1966), why did Ernesto Miranda say his Fifth Amendment rights had been violated? He had been stopped and searched without a judge issuing a proper warrant. He had been tried for serious crimes without a grand jury issuing an indictment. He had confessed to crimes without being reminded of his right to avoid self-incrimination. He had been jailed without being informed of the charges against him.
He had confessed to crimes without being reminded of his right to avoid self-incrimination.
Why was Homer Plessy arrested? He said his rights had been violated. He was clearly of mixed heritage. He refused to give his seat to a white person. He sat down in a train's whites-only car.
He sat down in a train's whites-only car.
What idea was the decision in Griswold v. Connecticut based upon? If the Constitution forbids self-incrimination, husbands and wives should not be forced to testify against each other. The Constitution cannot possibly include all rights, so judges can create new ones based on what the founders must have been thinking. If the Constitution forbids unreasonable searches, there must be a reasonable right to privacy. The Constitution does not meet everyone's needs, so citizens can disregard laws when they think the government is violating their rights.
If the Constitution forbids unreasonable searches, there must be a reasonable right to privacy.
Which of the following did the Civil Rights Act accomplish? It ended public segregation. It ended poll taxes. It ended voter literacy tests. It ended gender discrimination.
It ended public segregation.
What was the social impact of the decision in Brown v. Board of Education? It increased support for segregation by business owners. It strengthened the growing civil rights movement. It reduced interest in public protest relating to civil rights issues. It generated interest in the link between grades and emotions.
It strengthened the growing civil rights movement.
A school district in California held its graduation at a local church. Which statement best explains whether this action violated the establishment clause, and why? It violated the establishment clause because it held a school function at a denominational church, which demonstrates support for a specific religion. It violated the establishment clause because the school needs to show support for all religions and have events at a variety of local religious locations. It did not violate the establishment clause because the school was not promoting religion, the location was. It did not violate the establishment clause because the school does not force people to attend graduation.
It violated the establishment clause because it held a school function at a denominational church, which demonstrates support for a specific religion.
State laws passed primarily in Southern states to restrict the voting rights of African Americans after the passage of the Fifteenth Amendment came to be known collectively as Jim Crow laws. Voting Rights Acts. Black Codes. Affirmative Action.
Jim Crow laws.
Read the following amendment to the U.S. Constitution. The right of citizens of the United States to vote shall not be denied or abridged by the United States or by any State on account of sex. Which amendment is this? Fifteenth Nineteenth Twenty-first Twenty-sixth
Nineteenth
Which of these provisions is part of the Eighth Amendment? Witnesses must appear in court. A speedy trial is required. Counsel must be provided. Reasonable bail must be set.
Reasonable bail must be set.
Which of these statements was implied by the decision in Brown v. Board of Education? Segregation could lead to feelings of inferiority. Segregation often led to relatively equal opportunities. Segregation increased levels of personal determination. Segregation was the purpose of the Fourteenth Amendment.
Segregation could lead to feelings of inferiority.
Which is a main idea in the Ninth Amendment? Privacy rights must be respected, unless forbidden by the state law. Some rights are not included in the Constitution, but are still protected. Certain rights are included in the Constitution and should be protected. Some rights found in the Constitution should be denied in certain situations.
Some rights are not included in the Constitution, but are still protected.
According to the ruling in New York Times v. United States, which best describes what the government had to prove for its censorship of the New York Times to have been acceptable? The articles would have had to indisputably threaten national security. The articles would have had to be harshly critical of the military. The articles would have had to reveal classified information. The articles would have had to support the enemy in wartime.
The articles would have had to indisputably threaten national security.
Why was freedom of religion added to the First Amendment? The colonists wanted prayer taken out of schools. The colonists suffered unfair treatment for their religious beliefs in the past. The colonists wanted Catholicism to be the country's main religion. The colonists thought the government should have religious control.
The colonists suffered unfair treatment for their religious beliefs in the past.
Why were civil rights supporters disappointed with the Supreme Court's 1896 decision in Plessy v. Ferguson? The court rejected the idea of "separate but equal." The court ruled that African Americans were unable to drive. The court ruled that African Americans were unable to vote. The court affirmed the idea of "separate but equal."
The court affirmed the idea of "separate but equal."
The events surrounding Tinker v. Des Moines involved a school. Which statement best explains why the Supreme Court ruled in the students' favor? The events involved symbolic speech without disruption. The First Amendment always applies to issues of speech. The events involved controversial issues. The protest was an act of civil disobedience.
The events involved symbolic speech without disruption.
Though the outcomes of Schenck and New York Times differed, what did these decisions have in common? The government has a heavy burden to prove harm. The government can limit speech that causes harm. The government has unlimited power to limit speech. The government must follow the First Amendment.
The government can limit speech that causes harm.
Based on the New York Times v. United States case, when might it be acceptable for the government to restrict information released by the press? The government can never restrict information released by the press. The government can only restrict information when it could be harmful to an individual's reputation. The government can only restrict information released when practicing prior restraint. The government can only restrict information that could present an immediate threat to security or the public.
The government can only restrict information that could present an immediate threat to security or the public.
According to the establishment clause, how would a government funded museum posting of the Ten Commandments along with the history of religion and its beliefs and practices be viewed? The posting would be in violation of the clause because religious items cannot be put in public places. The posting would be in violation of the clause because the items relate to a particular religion. The posting would not be in violation of the clause because people willingly go to the historical museum. The posting would not be in violation of the clause because there is a learning purpose to the items.
The posting would not be in violation of the clause because there is a learning purpose to the items.
"We, therefore, conclude that the right of personal privacy includes the abortion decision, but that right is not unqualified, and must be considered against important state interests in regulation." Which best states Justice Harry Blackmun's position in Roe v. Wade? The right to privacy has certain limits that must be recognized. The welfare of the state is more important than personal privacy. The government is able to deny certain rights on a situational basis. The government is permitted to regulate rights according to law.
The right to privacy has certain limits that must be recognized.
For prior restraint to apply, what must the government prove about the speech in question? The speech must be libelous. The speech must present a general threat. The speech must present a clear and identifiable danger. The speech must be offensive.
The speech must present a clear and identifiable danger.
Following the decision in the Gideon v. Wainwright case, what happens to accused persons who cannot afford to pay an attorney to represent them? They remain in jail until they can raise the money. They are freed from jail, and their cases are dismissed. They are assigned an attorney by the court. They are found guilty without trial.
They are assigned an attorney by the court.
What is the common purpose of the Ninth and Tenth Amendments? They protect the rights of noncitizens. They protect rights not listed in the Constitution. They protect the federalist system. They protect the federal government from the states.
They protect the federalist system.
Which statement best represents a result of the Nineteenth Amendment? Women may vote only if they pay a poll tax. Women have been elected to government offices. Women may vote, but are not eligible to run for public office. Women can run for office, but cannot actually be elected.
Women have been elected to government offices.
What was the Supreme Court in the Brown case saying to the Court of the Plessy case in 1896? We agree completely with you. You made the wrong decision. The issue has changed dramatically. "Separate but equal" also applies to schools.
You made the wrong decision.
When was the Fifteenth Amendment ratified? after the Civil War after World War I during the civil rights movement during segregation
after the Civil War
Read the excerpt from the Fourteenth Amendment of the United States Constitution. [N]or shall any state deprive any person of life, liberty, or property, without due process of law. This clause ensures that anyone can enforce the law as long as they are citizens. all states follow similar rules and legal processes. any state can deprive its citizens of due process. all non-citizens are not covered by due process.
all states follow similar rules and legal processes.
What is symbolic speech? an action that expresses an idea or opinion the act of peaceful protest the publication of an article despite prior restraint an idea or opinion expressed through comparison to something else
an action that expresses an idea or opinion
Accused persons have the right to request a witness to appear in court. testify untruthfully. go into hiding. refuse to testify.
appear in court.
Why was the Supreme Court's ruling important in Gitlow v. New York with respect to due process? because it used the definition of citizenship to interpret the issue of incorporation because Gitlow's legal rights were used to interpret the issue of incorporation because the Supreme Court believed Gitlow was guilty because the Supreme Court believed Gitlow was innocent
because Gitlow's legal rights were used to interpret the issue of incorporation
The exclusionary rule states that if evidence is found during an illegal search, it must be destroyed immediately. cannot be admitted as evidence in court. can be admitted into court anyway. cannot be admitted into court unless a judge agrees.
cannot be admitted as evidence in court.
Which type of rights ensure equal treatment under the law? substantive rights procedural rights unenumerated rights civil rights
civil rights
In addition to protection against self-incrimination, the Fifth Amendment ensures that people have double jeopardy and grand jury rights. search and seizure and grand jury rights. Miranda warning and probable cause rights. just compensation and warrant rights.
double jeopardy and grand jury rights.
Read the excerpt from the Fourteenth Amendment of the United States Constitution. No state shall make or enforce any law which shall [take away] the privileges or immunities of citizens of the United States. This Fourteenth Amendment clause is about equal protection under the law. the right of citizenship. due process under the law. states' rights to enforce laws.
equal protection under the law.
In Furman v. Georgia (1972), the Supreme Court ruled in William Furman's favor, saying that Georgia had denied Furman the right to be represented by counsel. violated Furman's right to a quick and speedy trial. established unclear standards for applying the death penalty. exceeded the annual quota of death penalties it could impose.
established unclear standards for applying the death penalty.
A principal who leads a prayer at a graduation violates the First Amendment's establishment clause. freedom of religion clause. free-exercise clause. lemon test clause.
establishment clause.
Evidence collected during an illegal search cannot be used in court based on the inclusionary rule exclusionary rule self-incrimination rule warrant rule.
exclusionary rule
The Supreme Court's decisions in Griswold v. Connecticut and Roe v. Wade were most important because they restricted state laws governing privacy. gave a new definition to personal privacy. limited privacy to the control of the body and of family life. included the right to the privacy of personal property.
gave a new definition to personal privacy.
The Sixth Amendment ensures a citizen's right to worship freely. vote. have a fair trial. bear arms.
have a fair trial.
Under what circumstances would the protest of the students in Tinker v. Des Moines be deemed unprotected speech? if their action had clearly threatened order and safety if their action had supported an unpopular opinion if their action had not been political if their action had promoted an artistic endeavor
if their action had clearly threatened order and safety
The Sixth Amendment states that someone accused of a crime must go to trial wherever a jury thinks best. in a state and area different from where the crime took place. wherever the person accused of the crime chooses. in the state and area where the crime took place.
in the state and area where the crime took place.
What were affirmative action programs originally designed to encourage? increasing diversity in public institutions and businesses beginning the process of desegregation in schools establishing complete equality in admissions and hiring practices ending separation based on race in housing
increasing diversity in public institutions and businesses
What impact was affirmative action designed to have? increasing diversity in schools and workplaces establishing multiple African American colleges requiring companies to only hire female executives mandating that universities eliminate all scholarship programs
increasing diversity in schools and workplaces
The citizenship clause of the Fourteenth Amendment says a naturalized person is not a citizen and cannot become a citizen of the United States. is a citizen, just like someone who was born in the United States. must have been born in the United States, not in another country. must have been born in a country other than the United States.
is a citizen, just like someone who was born in the United States.
A warrant, which specifies the location that can be searched and exactly what can be legally seized, must be issued by a police officer. judge. mayor. religious leader.
judge.
For which of these does the First Amendment offer no protection? the press protests symbolic speech libel
libel
The publication of false and damaging information about a person is referred to as libel. civil disobedience. an infringement. symbolic speech.
libel.
The Voting Rights Act ended poll taxes. literacy tests. voter segregation. gender discrimination.
literacy tests.
The Supreme Court's decisions in Terry v. Ohio (1967) and Horton v. California (1990) both held that the police may, in certain cases, search individuals or seize their property without a warrant. must never, even with reasonable cause, carry out a stop and frisk. must always have a warrant to seize evidence, even if it is in plain view. may never violate the Fourth Amendment protections concerning searches and seizures.
may, in certain cases, search individuals or seize their property without a warrant.
Civil liberties are related to which kind of fundamental rights? civil rights natural rights unenumerated rights procedural rights
natural rights
After the Civil War, the federal government began to extend civil rights to African Americans by passing amendments to the Constitution. signing the Emancipation Proclamation. paying reparations to them. helping them move to the Northern states.
passing amendments to the Constitution.
People accused of crimes and awaiting trial may be released from custody if they agree to stay under house arrest. pay bail. leave the country. testify truthfully.
pay bail.
Which issue was at the heart of New York Times v. United States? libel symbolic speech civil disobedience prior restraint
prior restraint
In New York v. Quarles (1983), the Supreme Court ruled that Miranda rights do not have to be read if a suspect already has a criminal record. puts public safety at immediate risk. looks as if he or she has just committed a crime. is someone the arresting officer already knows.
puts public safety at immediate risk.
The Fifteenth Amendment guaranteed a person's right to vote regardless of age. gender. race. education.
race.
The First Amendment guarantees due process of law. religious freedom. the right to a fair trial. the right to bear arms.
religious freedom.
What was Clarence Gideon forced to do during his burglary trial? represent himself flee the state remain silent declare his guilt
represent himself
What rights are specifically protected under the Ninth Amendment? most basic safety and security rights rights unlisted in the Constitution freedom of expression rights rights listed in the Bill of Rights
rights unlisted in the Constitution
Under due process, all people accused of crimes are subject to rules depending on their social class. rules depending on their gender. rules their city agrees to. rules that are the same for everyone.
rules that are the same for everyone.
An activity passes the "Lemon Test" if it is not secular, biased, or entangled. secular, biased, and free of entanglement. secular, neutral, and free of entanglement. not secular, neutral, or free of entanglement.
secular, neutral, and free of entanglement.
The practice of selective incorporation means that the Bill of Rights will always be applied to the states by the Court. never be applied to the states by the Court. sometimes be applied to the Court by the states. sometimes be applied to the states by the Court.
sometimes be applied to the states by the Court.
Which example violates the free-exercise Clause? allowing a private company to run weekly prayer sessions allowing a student to wear religious clothing stopping a religious group from praying in a city park stopping a religious group from buying a building based on their faith
stopping a religious group from buying a building based on their faith
Which type of rights are fundamental and belong to all citizens? -substantive rights -procedural rights -enumerated rights -unenumerated rights
substantive rights
Why were some members of Congress in favor of incorporating the Bill of Rights with regard to the Fourteenth Amendment? the Bill of Rights would cover both state and federal laws the Bill of Rights would protect both citizens and noncitizens only federal laws would need to be followed only state laws would need to be followed
the Bill of Rights would cover both state and federal laws
If Chris is on trial and does not want to testify in court, which amendment protects her from testifying? the Fourth Amendment the Fifth Amendment the Sixth Amendment the Eighth Amendment
the Fifth Amendment
Freedom of expression, including freedom of religion and freedom of peaceable assembly, is protected by which amendment to the Constitution? the Third Amendment the First Amendment the Sixth Amendment the Fourth Amendment
the First Amendment
One way the Fourteenth Amendment shows that the Constitution is superior to state law is states do not have to follow the Bill of Rights. the Fourteenth Amendment applied to state law through incorporation. the due process law cannot be used to incorporate the Bill of Rights. the Fourteenth Amendment cannot be incorporated as needed.
the Fourteenth Amendment applied to state law through incorporation.
If the police arrive at Larry's office without probable cause or a warrant and demand to search the premises, which amendment protects him from this type of search? the Fourth Amendment the Fifth Amendment the Sixth Amendment the Eighth Amendment
the Fourth Amendment
Which amendment protects unenumerated rights such as voting rights? the First Amendment the Fourth Amendment the Fifth Amendment the Ninth Amendment
the Ninth Amendment
Which amendment protects citizens from being forced to house troops? the First Amendment the Third Amendment the Sixth Amendment the Eighth Amendment
the Third Amendment
The Civil Rights Act expanded the role of women in government. states' rights to control voting processes. segregation in public facilities. the federal government's power.
the federal government's power.
Procedural rights protect people from abuses by which part of the government? the military the state governments the justice system the US Congress
the justice system
Which privacy right is protected by Supreme Court decisions in Griswold v. Connecticut and Roe v. Wade? the right to life the right to enjoy life the right to be left alone the right to share ideas
the right to be left alone
Which is a grand jury right? the right to the same treatment and rules that all citizens receive the right to avoid confessing to a crime the right to indictment before trial for a capital crime the right to avoid being tried twice for the same crime
the right to indictment before trial for a capital crime
The Fourth Amendment implies privacy because it protects the right to own property. to have personal items. to be secure in one's home. to make one's own decisions.
to be secure in one's home.
Why did the Supreme Court expand the incorporation of the Bill of Rights? to ensure they always had the last word to ensure equal treatment for all citizens to ensure all naturalized people could be citizens to ensure all legal cases came before the Court
to ensure equal treatment for all citizens
According to the preamble to the Bill of Rights, what is the purpose of the Bill of Rights? -to explain the history of rights in the United States -to stop citizens from depriving others of their rights -to establish a system of equality for all Americans -to prevent the government from abusing its power
to prevent the government from abusing its power
What is the purpose of the establishment clause? to give citizens the right to form religious groups to stop government from supporting one religion to give government power to choose a state religion to stop citizens from practicing religion in public
to stop government from supporting one religion
Which group has the lowest voter-participation rate? African Americans young adults women military personnel
young adults
