Civil War Flash Cards
What was General Grant's nickname?
"Unconditional Surrender"; refused any other battle outcomes beside complete surrender
Jefferson Davis
(1808-1889) First and only president of the Confederate States of America after the election of President Abraham Lincoln in 1860 led to the secession of many southern states. Goal as a military strategist was to will down the North's will to fight
Ulysses S. Grant
(1869-1873) and (1873-1877) The 15th Amendment is added to the Constitution Administrative inaction and political scandal involving members of his cabinet, including the Crédit Mobilier scandal and the Whiskey Ring conspiracy. He was more successful in foreign affairs, where he was aided by his secretary of state, Hamilton Fish. He supported amnesty for Confederate leaders and protection for the civil rights of former slaves. Panic of 1873; controversial presidency as the 18th president Leading Union (American) general during the Civil War, especially later in the war
Name Confederate Strengths during the Civil War
*Good Military Leadership *Long Coastline *Large Area *Simply win the War by Defending its territory
Union Generals
*Grant *Meade *Sherman *Sheridon *McLellan
Name Union Strengths during the Civil War
*Had over 21,000 miles of railroad tracks *90% of banks and industries *Bigger population *Had resources like iron, coal, copper, and gold *Strong Navy *More Farms and Consumable Food *Abraham Lincoln as President *Mostly Firmly minded: Keep the Union together
Name Confederate Weaknesses during the Civil War
*No $$$ to support war for long *Small farm lands and barely any eatable crops *No industries to make supplies *The Union could control the Mississippi River *President Jefferson Davis couldn't bring the Confederacy as one nation
Name Union weaknesses
*Poor Military Leadership *Went to South so unfamiliar territory
Technology Firsts?
*Railroads *Telegraphs *Photographs *Steamboats
Confederate Generals
*Stonewall Jackson *Robert E. Lee
Copperheads
A group of Northern Democrats who opposed the Civil War and wanted immediate peace negotiations with the Confederacy. The most famous was Congressman Clement L. Vallandigham of Ohio who was briefly banished to Canada for his speeches against the war.; from what used to be known as the Northwest Territories, A group of northern Democrats who opposed abolition and sympathized with the South during the Civil War.
Draft
A law requiring people of a certain age to serve in the military
Clara Barton
A leader in nursing during the U.S. Civil War who transformed it into a profession of trained, middle-class women. She was also the founder of the American Red Cross (1881 - Geneva Convention), which helps victims of war and disaster.
Vicksburg
A northern victory that completed Step 2 of the Anaconda Plan. July 4, 1863
Immigrant
A person who comes to live in a country from another country to live.
Abolitionist
A person who worked to end slavery.
Massachusetts 54th Regiment
A regiment of all Blacks. Led by Colonel Robert Gould Shaw. He was different because he was white. Sent to South Carolina to get to Fort Wagner (aka Fort Swagner) They were also involved in the Battle of Olustee, Florida
Radical Republicans
A small group of people in 1865 who supported black suffrage. They were led by Senator Charles Sumner and Congressman Thaddeus Stevens. They supported the abolition of slavery and a demanding reconstruction policy during the war and after., After the Civil War, a group that believed the South should be harshly punished and thought that Lincoln was sometimes too compassionate towards the South.
Emanicitation Proclamation
A special order by the president Lincoln that freed(emancipated)salves in states that were fighting against the union.After the civil war, slavery was ended every where in the USA.
Definition of a Border State?
A state that stayed loyal to the Union but still allowed slavery
William T. Sherman
A successful Union general who implemented the tactic of "total war" in order to defeat the South. Led successful military campaign to conquer Georgia, South Carolina, and North Carolina. (March to the Sea, targeting not only military bases but civilian towns as well, destroying everything in his path from Tennessee to the Atlantic Ocean, 1864; destroyed southern infrastructure and split the Confederacy yet again - a second time)
Draft
A system of gathering citizens to join their country's army
Monitor
A tiny Union ironclad ship that fought the Confederate Merrimack to a standstill but was destroyed to keep it from the grasp of advancing Confederate troops. Revolution in naval warfare
Civil War
A war fought between people of the same country
Total war
A war that involves the complete mobilization of resources and people, affecting the lives of all citizens in the warring countries, even those remote from the battlefields.; , A war in which distinctions between the soldiers on the battlefield and civilians at home are blurred, and where the government plans and controls economic social life in order to supply the armies at the front with supplies and weapons.
Compromise
A way of settling disagreements in which each side gives away a little in its demands
Habeas Corpus
A written order from a court that gives a person a right to trial before being jailed
Rose O'Neal Greenhow
A young widow and a social leader in Washington; she supported the South's cause. Used her friendship with government officials to learn when and how the Union planned to attack Richmond
Merrimack
Abandoned Union warship salvaged by the Confederacy. Enforced with iron plates to become an ironclad ship. Renamed "CCS Virginia"; was destroyed to keep it from the grasp of Union troops after being cornered, even with reinforcements a few days away
Gettysburg Address, 1863
Abraham Lincoln's oft-quoted 2 minute speech, delivered at the dedication of the cemetery at Gettysburg battlefield. In the address, Lincoln framed the war as a means to uphold the values of liberty.
Fugitive Slave Act of 1850
Forced Northeners to catch runaway slaves with a punishment of being fined or jailed
Battle of Antietam, Sept. 1862
It was the bloodiest day of fighting in American history; more died at Antietam than at D-Day in World War II.--4,300 men were killed that day in fighting and 2,000 of those wounded later died.--Antietam is located in Maryland, and southern forces under the command of General Robert E. Lee, having crossed into Maryland, were repelled in their northern advance by General McClellan and the Army of the Potomac. (9/17/62)
Legal Tender Act
Lincoln signed in 1862, authorized $150 million in greenbacks. - Confederacy never made its paper money legal tender, responded by making more paper money, which accelerated southern inflation. Intended to help pay for Civil War expenses, but all it did was abandon the specie backing system to cause never-before-seen inflation
Articles of Agreement Relating to the Surrender of the Army of Northern Virginia (1865)
On April 9, 1865, Generals Ulysses S. Grant and Robert E. Lee met in the parlor of a house in Appomattox Court House, VA, to discuss this surrender of the Army of Northern Virginia, which would end the Civil War. According to the terms, the men of Lee's army could return home in safety if they pledged to end the fighting and deliver their arms to the Union Army.
Surrender at Appomattox Courthouse, 1865
Robert E. Lee surrendered to Ulyssess S. Grant after steadily losing ground and after finding himself unable to lift the siege of Petersburg. Petersburg fell to Grant on April 2. Lee then abandoned Richmond, the Confederate Capitol, and fled west only to surrender a week later on April 9. This essentially ended the war, although some fighting continued until the end of May
first battle of bull run (manasses)
SOUTH WINS
Who defeated the Confederates at the Battle of Shanandoah
Sheridan
War Department General Order 143: Creation of the U.S. Colored Troops (1863)
The War Department issued General Order 143 on May 22, 1863, creating the United States Colored Troops. By the end of the Civil War, roughly 179,000 black men (10 percent of the Union Army) served as soldiers in the U.S. Army, and another 19,000 served in the Navy; recruitment of slaves and free blacks for military service
13th Amendment to the U.S. Constitution: Abolition of Slavery (1865)
The amendment made to the Constitution that officially banned slavery in the United States of America. It narrowly passed the House of Representatives, but the Republicans with help from anti-slavery Democrats were able to make it work.
State's rights
The belief that an individual state may restrict federal authority
Emancipation
The freeing of enslaved peoples
Election of Lincoln, Nov., 1860
The issue of secession was being talked about even before the 1860 election, and Lincoln's election intensified the move in the South to split with the Union. And when Lincoln was inaugurated on March 4, 1861, it seemed obvious that the nation was on an inescapable path toward war. Indeed, the Civil War began the next month with the attack on Fort Sumter.
President Abraham Lincoln's Second Inaugural Address (1865)
The purpose of Lincoln's second inaugural address was to state that slavery was the key component that led to the civil war and he stated that it was possible that slavery had offended God and he retaliated by causing conflict which started the war. He said that since there was now peace, they should take advantage of that and begin a time of reconciliation where there was malice towards no one and charity for everyone.
Wade-Davis Bill (1864)
harsh Congressional Reconstruction bill that provided the president would appoint provisional governments for conquered states until a majority of voters took an oath of loyalty to the Union; it required the abolition of slavery by new state constitutions, the disenfranchisement of Confederate officials, and the repudiation of Confederate debt. Lincoln killed the bill with a pocket veto. Essentially would make re-entry into the Union significantly and cruelly harder for Confederate states
Disparity
inequality or difference in some respect
Green
inexperienced
Moniter vs. Merimack
ironclad ships fight staesman
Emancipation Proclamation
issued by Abraham Lincoln on September 22, 1862, it declared that all slaves in the rebellious Confederate states would be free
john wilkes booth
killed lincoln
Perpetual
lasting or seeming to last forever or for a long time
fort sumptor
lincoln sent troops to resupply fort sumptor and the south bombards the fort for 40 hours
5 facts about Uylesses S Grant
loved kids, drank excessively when he was lonley, wanted to be a math professor, defeated Lee, greatest victory was Vicksburg
Sectionalism
loyalty to one's own region of the country, rather than to the nation as a whole
New Orleans
north gains control of lower mississippi
5 facts about Lee
only fought with South b/c he was faithful to his state, horse named traveler, loved worms- ate them as a kid, E in name stands for Edward, greatest victory was Chancellorville
John Brown's Raid
outbreak of civil war. JB breaks into federal arsenal
What city fell after a nine month seige by who
petersburg; ulysses grant
Anesthetics
produce partial or complete loss of sensation, with or without loss of consciousness
Kansas Nebraska Act
repeal missourri comprimise KA becomes a slave state
frederick douglas
runaway slave who beacme a speaker against slavery in north
Secede
separate from union
Dred Scott decision
slave from missourri who becomes de-freed
comprimise of 1833
south carolina wanted to nullify taxes
Chancellorville
south wins! Lee's greatest victory. Stonewall wounded
John E Johnston
southern general (not that good); made the confederate flag square
Fighting Joe Hooker
stunning defeat of the confederate army at chancellorvile
Union Army
the northern army during the American Civil War
Confederate states
the southern states that seceded from the United States in 1861
sue
to make a claim against sb in court about sth that they have said or done to harm you
What was the main reason the Union went to war with the Confederacy
to preserve the Union
David G Farragot
union commander of the naval expedition that captured new orleans
william sherman
union general "March to the sea"
Phillip Sheridan
union general that was important at surrender of appamadox
Grant's Plan
1. Grant would lead a large force against Lee to capture Richmond 2. General Sherman would lead a secondary army to Atlanta
Grant's terms of Surrender
1. Soldiers go home if promised to fight no more. 2. Take their horses and mules home 3. Officers get to keep their weapons 4. Food will be sent to Lee's starved army
Abraham Lincoln
16th president of the United States, during the Civil War; saved the Union during the American Civil War and emancipated southern slaves through the Emancipation Proclamation of 1863
Andrew Johnson
17th President of the United States, A Southerner form Tennessee, as V.P. when Lincoln was killed, he became president. He opposed radical Republicans who passed Reconstruction Acts over his veto. Issued a pardon in 1868 to all southern rebels of the Civil War. The first U.S. president to be impeached, he survived the Senate removal by only one vote. He was a very weak president.
Crittenden Compromise proposed, 1861
1860 - attempt to prevent Civil War by Senator Crittenden - offered a Constitutional amendment recognizing slavery in the territories south of the 36º30' line, noninterference by Congress with existing slavery, and compensation to the owners of fugitive slaves - defeated by Republicans
Secession of South Carolina (12/20/1860)
1860 South Carolina secedes because of election of Abraham Lincoln. Southerners felt that they they were justified morally, constitutionally, and historically in seceding from the union, just as the 13 American colonies had less than 100 years previously from Britain. Jefferson Davis elected as the President of the Confederacy; believed they had no voice in the national government and that slavery was threatened
Battle of Vicksburg, 1863
1863, Grant takes lead of Union armies, total war begins, With a Union victory, the north now controlled the Mississippi River and split the Confederacy in half.
Emancipation Proclamation warning, Sept., 1862
1863, Lincoln's proclamation made after a crucial victory at Antietam, allowed lincoln to push for something radical; frees all slaves in areas under rebellion; this excludes the border states, keeping them on the side of the union, prevents foreign powers from entering the war for slavery, provides a rationale for the war, and allows blacks to enlist in the army; This made the Civil War a moral war to end slavery (9/22/62)
Emancipation Proclamation enacted, Jan. 1, 1863
1863, Lincoln's proclamation made after a crucial victory at Antietam, allowed lincoln to push for something radical; frees all slaves in areas under rebellion; this excludes the border states, keeping them on the side of the union, prevents foreign powers from entering the war for slavery, provides a rationale for the war, and allows blacks to enlist in the army; changed the Civil War into a battle for freedom and led to the involvement of blacks in the United States Army
Robert E. Lee
A General for the confederates, fought many battles. One of his main plans towards the end of the civil war was to wait for a new president to come into office to make peace with. Fought Peninsular Campaign, 2nd battle of Bull Run, Antietam, Fredericksburg, Chancellorsville (with Jackson), and Gettysburg. Opposed slavery and secession, but when asked by Lincoln to head the Union Army, he could not go against his birthplace Virginia and resigned to fight for the Confederacy
Bleeding Kansas
A conflict in the Kansas and Nebraska Territory where they used Guerilla Warfare
Vicksburg Battle
A dicivise battle in the America Civil War (1863); after being besieged for nearly seven weeks the Confederates surrendered.
George McClellan
A general for northern command of the Army of the Potomac in 1861; nicknamed "Tardy George" because of his failure to move troops to Richmond and in the Pennsylvania Campaign; lost battle vs. General Lee near the Chesapeake Bay; Lincoln fired him twice. Served as general for the Union Nov 1862 through March 1863
Surrender
Declare that an enemy has won and th egighting can stop.
How did women support the military?
Acted as messengers, guides, scouts, smugglers, soldiers, and spies.
Reconstruction
After the Civil War. President Andrew Johnson continued Lincoln's plan after his death. Union troops sent to the South to keep the people under control. Former slaves could vote, blacks elected to public office. When the Northern Troops left, the southerners ignored the rights of blacks., the period after the Civil War in the United States when the southern states were reorganized and reintegrated into the Union, 1865-1877; the attempt to rebuild and reform the political, social, and economic systems of the South after the Civil War.
Confederate States
Alabama, Arkansas, Florida, Georgia, Louisiana, Mississippi, North Carolina, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia
Stalemate battle of the emncipation proclamation
Anietem
when/where did the civil war start
April 12, 1865 at Fort Sumptor
date of the assasination of abraham lincoln and where and by whom
April 14, 1865 at Ford's theater by John Wilkes Booth
When did the Civil War end?
April 19th 1865
When did the Civil War begin?
April 21, 1861
date war ended and where
April 9, 1865 at Appamdox couthouse
Border States
Delaware, Maryland, Kentucky, Missouri, West Virginia
Pacific Railway Act (1862)
Authorized the building of a transcontinental railroad over a northern route in order to link the economies of California and the western territories to the Eastern states; Union Pacific and Central Pacific Companies would begin building after the war, Purpose: to move troops and to transport materials to market. Govt gave land instead of $ to RR companies. For every 1 mile of railroad, there would be 5 miles of land given on each side of it.
First Battle of the Civil War?
Battle of Bull Run/Battle of Manassas July,1861
Bloddiest battle of bull run
Battle of Gettysburg
Free-Soil Party
Believed in keeping slavery out of the Western Territories
Stonewall Jackson
Brave commander of the Confederate Army that led troops at Bull Run. He died in the confusion at the Battle of Chancellorsville from friendly fire (killed by his own men who were defending the camp when he rode in on a horse late at night - May 1863). His troops stood like a stonewall. Second most important general in the Confederate Army
Who did the Confederacy ask for help?
Britain; refused request so the South can export cotton or get any imports
George Pickett
confederate general best remebered for Battle of Gettysburg: Pickett's Charge
Fort Sumter, April 12, 1861
Built on an island in 1829, the fort was one of three that the United States maintained in the harbor of Charleston, South Carolina. In order to claim true independence from the Union, Jefferson Davis decided that the forts needed to be taken; a Confederate force under P.G.T. Beauregard ordered the small Union garrison, controlled by Major Robert Anderson, to surrender. Anderson refused, shots were fired, and the Union commander surrendered two days later, with only one soldier killed. The Union made two unsuccessful attempts to recapture the fort with ironclad ships in 1863, but Confederate forces finally abandoned it when they left Charleston in February 1865 Lincoln's attempt to provide the fort with provisions only was disapproved by the South; men were allowed to return to the North after Confederate capture
comprimise of 1850 (and what does it involve)
CA- free; Utah- PS; NM- PS; DC- outlaws slavery. includes fugitive slave act
Union States
California, Connecticut, Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Maine, Massachusetts, Michigan, Minnesota, Ohio, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Oregon, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, Vermont, Wisconsin
Step 3 of the Anaconda Plan?
Capture Richmond, Virginia, the capitol of the Confederacy, and destroy the rebel goverment
Lincoln-Douglas Debate
debates for senator which the topic was about slavery
Dorothea Dix
Director of the Union's army nursing service
Step 2 of the Anaconda Plan?
Divide the Confederacy into sections so that one rebel region could not help another.
Homestead Act (1862)
Encouraged westward settlement by allowing heads of families to buy 160 acres of land for a small fee ($10-30); settlers were required to develop and remain on the land for five years. Over 400,000 families got land through this law.
Who's the General that led the Confederacy Army at Bull Run?
General Thomas Jackson; Urged men to "yell like furies"
Step 3: What actions did the Union take?
George McClennan sent 10,000 troops to capture Richmond. Confederate forces stopped the Union.
Grant's Overland/ Wilderness Campain
Grant wins
Compromise of 1850
Had 5 parts; allowed California to enter the Union as a free states
Did Robert E. Lee fight for the Confederacy or the Union?
He WAS going to fight for the Union. He didn't believe in secession but when Virginia seceded, he had to stay loyal to his state. So he fought for the Confederacy
Lee's Plan for the Battle of Antietam
He sent troops across the Potomac River in to Maryland, a slave state that remained in the Union. He hoped that this would convince Europe to support the South. He was outnumbered so he pulled back to Virginia. Bloodiest Day of the War, more Americans were killed than in the War of 1812 and the Mexican War combined.
Winfield Scott
In charge of the Union army. He was very smart, and he came up with the idea to block the South ports. He estimated the war would last 2-3 years. Everyone thought they were stupid, but he was right. He got fired, even though they followed his original plan. (Won the US the Mexican-American War, and was a Whig presidential nominee in 1852)
Dread Scott decision
It saidthat the constitution protected slavery
Emancipation Proclamation
January 1, 1863; formal document that declares that all slaves from the rebelling states to be set free. This does not include the Border States. South ignored as the North changed the war into a crusade for freedom.
The Battle of Gettysburg
July 1-July 3 1863 Armies met at Gettysburg, PA. The Union Army occupied hight grounds on Cemetery Ridge. George Pickett ("Pickett's Charge") led 15,000 Confederate soldiers in a charge across the low ground separating the two forces. Lee withdrew to Virginia. North is now 1 step closer to preserving the Union.
First Battle of Bull Run, 1861
July 12, 1861...First major battle of the Civil War, in which untrained Northern troops and civilian picnickers fled back to Washington. This battle helped boost Southern morale and made the North realize that this would be a long war.
Missouri Compromise
Kept the balance of power in the Senate between the slave states and the free states
seige of Petersburg
Lee wins
Emancipation proclamation
Lincoln declares the slaves free
George McCellen
Major General of the Union; organized the Army of the Potomic and ended the war with the 7 day battle
What state was the Battle of Antietam taken place?
Maryland
Major geberal of the union
Mclellen
Battle of Gettysburg, 1863
Meade, the commander of the Union Army of the Potomac, led the army and encountered Lee at the small town of Gettysburg, PA, and fought a war; Meade's army established a strong, well-protected position on the hills south of the town; Lee's army attacked twice and failed in both, losing 1/3 of his army; therefore, Lee withdrew from Gettysburg on July 4. Proved that the North would win the war, and the Confederate Army could never again invade northern territory or win another battle (50,000 soldiers lost their lives - bloodiest battle in American history)
Gettysburg
NORTH WINS! bloodiest battle of civil war
Vicksburg
NORTH WON! Grant's greatest victory
Which 4 states seceded after the Civil War began?
North Carolina, Tennessee, Virginia, Arkansas
Unsanitary
Not clean; dirty or unhealthy
Virgina/Merrimack vs. Monitor
Only major naval battle that ended with a tie
Second Battle of Bull Run
Pope is replaced by McCellen. South wins (highest point for south)
North advantages
Railroad mileages, farms, population, exports, goods
How did women support the war at home?
Ran families farms, businesses, and factories. Some got jobs as nurses and teachers
The Draft?
Ran out the Volunteers. 1862-First Draft Laws started by the South.
peninsular campain 'Seven Day Battle"
South wins. union fails at taking Richmond. Davis appoints Lee
General Thomas Jackson's nickname?
Stonewall; rebel lines held firm until reinforcements arrived
South advantages
Support, strong military, knew their land during war
Confederates
Supports of the confederancy especially soldiers in Confederate Armies.
Step 1 of the Anaconda Plan?
Surround the South by land and sea to cut off trade
Matthew Brady
famous photographer of the civil war
Civil War
The war that divides America in the 1860s.A war between citezens of the same country.
What happened after Antietam? (Lincoln)
Took his first steps to ending slavery
Proclamation
an official, formal public order
Jeb Sturat
flashy confederate general who died at yellow tavern
Clara Barton
followed Union armies into battle, tending troops where they fell. Started the Red Cross organization
George Mead
Union General of the Army of the Potomic at the battle of gettysburg
Joshua Chamberlain
Union general Little Round Top Gettysburg
Gettysburg Battle
Union leaders defeated General lee. A turning point battle during the Civil War
New York draft riots, 1863
Uprising, mostly of working-class Irish-Americans, in protest of the draft to war. Rioters were particularly incensed by the ability of the rich to hire substitutes or purchase exemptions. (Five Points, NY)
Assassination of President Lincoln, 1865
While sitting in his box at Ford's Theatre watching "Our American Cousin", President Lincoln was shot by John Wilkes Booth. April 14, 1865 - just days after Lee's surrender and a little more than a month after Lincoln's second inauguration
Morrill Act (1862)
another one of the Government's acts that worked to encourage more settlers into the Great Plains (passed along with the Homestead Act of 1862). The Act set aside land and provided money for agricultural colleges, eventually, agricultural science became a huge industry
Appamadox courthouse
big fight. South surrenders
Anitem Sharpsburg,MD
bloodiest 1 day battle in US history NO ONE WINS- STALEMATE
Secessionist
a belief or policy in favor of withdrawal from a nation
Writ of habeas corpus
a legal protection requiring that a court determine if a person is lawfully imprisoned; A court order requiring explanation to a judge why a prisoner is being held in custody
Turret
a self-contained weapons platform housing guns and capable of rotation
William Llyod Garrison
abolitionist who started the Liberator (a northern newspaper dedicated to abolishing slavery)
formation of confederate slates
all the slave states say they will fight together as the confederacy
Missouri Compromise
allowed the balance of free states and slave states to remain equal