CJUS 3610 FINAL EXAM REVIEW(Juvenile Justice)
What's the difference between a numerator and denominator approach?
the numerator approach focuses on individuals and symptoms where as the denominator approach focuses on the entire group and causes
What are the 3 main components of restorative justice?
the offender, the victim, and the community, including juvenile professionals
What is civil law?
the system of law concerned with private relations between members of a community rather than criminal, military, or religious affairs
What is the dual role of a prosecutor?
to enforce the law, represent the state and protect the safety of the community and keep the best interest of the juvenile in mind
What is the objective of group homes?
to facilitate reintegrating young offenders into society
What is the purpose of the development of the juvenile mental health courts?
to respond to individuals with mental illnesses who come in contact with the justice system
The geographic location of a trial is called its:
venue
What are the two key components of aftercare?
1)services and supervision 2)intensive intervention while incarcerated, during transition into the community and while under community supervision
In Roper v. Simmons (2005), the Supreme Court set the age for the death penalty at:
18
Look at case of santana v. collazo:
1983 federal court case that said plaintiffs have no constitutional right to rehabilitative training
According to the text how many states still hold the "once an adult always an adult" stand?
34
What are teen courts?
An innovative alternative to the traditional juvenile court. also called peer, student, or youth court. teen courts are intervention programs NOT courts within the judicial branch of government. They are less formal than traditional courts but their sanctions are recognized by the courts
Look at the Olweus Bullying Program, What country did it originate?
Bergen, Norway Was created ager 3 young norwegian boys committed suicide because of peer bullying. A universal intervention developed to promote the reduction and prevention of bullying behavior and victimization problems. Geared toward ages 6-14. Is based on an ecological model and incorporates interventions aimed at a variety of levels within a child's environment. the venue is the school, everyone as a whole involved. school staff have the primary responsibility for introducing the program.has two conditions to be successful: -adult awareness -adults must actively engage
Cruel and unusual punishment is banned by what Amendment to the US Constitution?
Eighth
What are some concerns when transferring a youth to the adult criminal court?
Evidence shows that transferring juveniles to adult court results in higher rates of conviction, greater likelihood of incarceration, and greater risk of being victimized. Furthermore, transfer to criminal court has been found to have little deterrent effect on youthful offenders and has been shown to actually increase juvenile recidivism also the juvenile may not be competent to stand trial
What are the four principles of effective intervention?
Risk Principle- target higher risk offender(WHO) Need Principle- target criminogenic risk/need factors(WHAT) Treatment Principle- use behavioral approaches(HOW) Fidelity Principle- implement program as designed(HOW WELL)
Probation is the most common disposition of the juvenile or family court.
True
Look at Multidimensional Treatment Foster Care (MTFC):
a behavioral treatment alternative to residential placement for youth ages 11 to 18 who display chronic antisocial behavior or emotional disturbance or are delinquent. based on social learning theory, a model that describes the mechanisms b which individuals learn to behave in social contexts and the daily interactions that influence both prosocial and antisocial patterns of behavior.three components -MTFC parents -the family -the treatment team positive results and more cost effective
What is the difference between static and dynamic risk factors?
a static risk factor is a factor that cannot be changed (ex. juvenile criminal record) & a dynamic risk factor is one that can be changed (ex. offenders addiction to drugs)
Look at multi systemic therapy (MST):
addresses the multiple aspects of serious antisocial behavior in adolescents across key settings within which youths live, work, and play, and typically uses a home-based model of service delivery to reduce barriers that keep families from accessing services. Therapists have small caseloads of four to six families. work as a team. available 24/7, provide services that are convenient to the family.The average treatment is 60 hours over a 4 month period.Focuses on empowering parents and improving parental effectiveness.
How many juvenile justice systems are there in the US?
at least 51
The Welfare Model focuses on:
best interests of the child
The two types of intervention for abused children are:
coercive and therapeutic
The ___ principle explains how dynamic risk factors can be changed to influence the probability of recidivism:
criminogenic need
What are the possible results of an intake hearing?
dismissal, diversion, referral to juvenile court for adjudication or transfer to adult court
What group does the PATHS program target?
elementary school age children ( ages 5-10)
What are the three principles of balanced and restorative justice?
ensuring community safety, insisting on offender accountability to victims and equipping offenders in the system with skills so they are able to pursue noncriminal paths after release
According to the text, the single greatest pressure on probation officers is:
excessive case loads
What is the eligibility for a juvenile to go into juvenile gun court?
first time, nonviolent gun offenders age 17 and younger
Challenges facing juvenile correctional facilities include all of the following except:
funding concerns
Juvenile courts are separated into three types:
independent, family, trial
What are some of the common forms of intermediate sanctions?
intensive supervision probation, nonsecure juvenile residential facilities, nonresidential treatment alternatives, electronic monitoring, house arrest, training schools and boot camps
Intermediate sanctions follow what type of principle?
interchangeability
The term adjudicated means:
judged
What are juvenile court jurisdictions defined by?
jurisdiction includes children who are neglected or abused, who are unruly or commit status offenses and who are charged with committing serious crimes. jurisdiction is determined by the offender's age and conduct
Jurisdictions over minors is managed by?
juvenile court
The two types of probationary conditions are?
mandatory and discretionary
What is the purpose of primary prevention?
modify and change crime causing conditions in the overall physical and social conditions that lead to crime, efforts are usually directed towards risk factors
Jurisdiction of the juvenile court is determined by?
offenders age and conduct
Who is the target group for circle sentencing?
offenders who admit guilt and express willingness to change
The most common disposition of the juvenile or family court is:
probation
According to the text, the weakest element in the juvenile justice process is:
reentry/aftercare
Most state juvenile court purpose statements contain all of the following clauses EXCEPT:
rehabilitated guide
According to the text, the role of the probation officers has shifted to that of?
social service "brokers"
The essence of probation is?
supervision
Who's in charge of filing a petition?
the district attorney
At what point is a youth considered to be in custody?
when they are brought in by the police for either a court order, by lawful arrest, if there are reasonable grounds to believe that the child is suffering from illness or injury, that the child is in immediate danger from the surroundings or that the child has run away. This does not mean the juvenile is under arrest
What type of offender do they want in bootcamp?
young, nonviolent, first time offenders
The justice model focuses on?
youth being held accountable and sometimes punished
