CJUS Ch 2
c
What type of crime is predominant in the United States? a. violent crime b. white-collar crime c. property crime d. hate crime
c
What would serve to enhance the validity of crime reporting devices such as the Uniform Crime Reports (UCR) and the National Crime Victimization Survey (NCVS)? a. having private entities oversee data collection b. limiting data to only crimes that are serious c. ensuring greater accuracy in the way they are reported d. factoring in criminal cases where defendants have been found not guilty
b
What is the idea of system bias dependent on? a. economic class b. race and ethnicity c. educational level d. age
a
A serial killer differs from a mass murderer in which way? a. A serial killer commits multiple murders over time. b. Aa serial killer murders at random. c. A serial killer targets innocents for fun. d. A serial killer targets more than one person.
d
Compared to 1995, what has happened to the rate of violent crime in the United States today? a. It has increased by double. b. It is at peak levels. c. It has declined by a third. d. It has dropped by half.
a
How does organized crime differ from corporate crime? a. Its acknowledged purpose is economic gain through illegal enterprise. b. It is engaged solely in economic crimes that are of a benign nature. c. It never deals with crimes of an economic nature. d. It does not use physical violence to facilitate the illegal acquisition of money.
a
In what way does the National Crime Victimization Survey (NCVS) provide a more complete picture of crime than the Uniform Crime Reports (UCR)? a. It takes into account crimes that are not reported to the authorities. b. It is not impeded by subjective views on what constitutes crime. c. It does not discriminate between low-level and severe crimes. d. It looks at crime based on information gathered from every U.S. citizen.
d
The consensus, conflict, and interactionist views of crime all share which common idea? a. the ruling classes mold the definition of crimes b. social forces are not relevant in molding the definition of crime c. the definition of crime is relatively stagnant and unchanging d. criminal law has a social control function
d
Under the conflict view of crime, who decides the content of criminal law and shapes the definition of crime in a society? a. legal professionals b. the international court c. society as a whole d. the ruling class
d
Under the interactionist view of crime, which of the following groups would wield significant power in shaping criminal law? a. educated university students b. members of the military c. the general public d. wealthy political campaign donors
d
What aspect of U.S. history directly fuels the idea of cultural bias in high crime rates among black Americans? a. the twentieth-century civil rights movement led by minorities b. the Reconstruction Amendments of the nineteenth century c. the rise of non-European immigration in the latter half of the twentieth century d. the nineteenth-century system of racial slavery
d
What aspect of self-report surveys impedes their validity? a. their nonanonymous reporting nature b. their use with only members of the population aged 45 and older c. their use in questioning solely adolescents d. the potential dishonesty of its respondents
c
What is the relation of the concept of early onset to crime? a. the assumption that crime is related to diet, and that there will be a drop in the crime rate if a youth is exposed to a healthy diet at an early age b. the assumption that youth will be less inclined to commit criminal acts as the punishments for them increase c. the idea that kids who have been exposed to a variety of personal and social problems or commit crime at an early age are the most at risk of repeat offending. d. the idea that beginning to watch television at an early age will lessen the risk of youth resorting to crime
d
What role does technology currently play in crime? a. Technological developments have greatly masked the rise in violent crime. b. Technological developments are the reason why crime is dropping. c. Technological developments have pushed the Uniform Crime Reports (UCR) into obsolescence. d. Technological developments have created new classes of crime.
d
What role might the "contagion effect" have on crime? a. Crime will rise due to increasing narcissism. b. Crime will rise as a result of increasing materialistic values. c. Crime will disappear due to the abandonment of materialism. d. Crime might be reduced due to prevailing social factors.
c
When compared to the Uniform Crime Reports (UCR), what does the Monitoring the Future (MTF) study reveal? a. A majority of people refrain from committing crime. b. Criminals and delinquents specialize in one type of crime. c. The crime problem is much greater than official statistics would lead us to believe. d. Crime rates recorded by various ways are roughly equal.
d
Which of the following is true for liberal feminist theories regarding crime? a. The second-class status of women has always meant their crimes were second-class. b. The class structure of America necessitates that women seek crime as a way to advance their status. c. Women are genetically predisposed to seeking and using crime as a way to facilitate change. d. Women have a lower crime rate due to their second-class economic and social position.
c
Why can the Uniform Crime Reports (UCR) be misleading? a. Police do not know the legal definitions of crimes. b. It only reports crime statistics for the nation as a whole. c. Not all criminal incidents are reported to the police. d. It does not differentiate between types of crimes.
d
Why is the National Incident-Based Reporting System (NIBRS) currently of limited use in gauging crime nationwide? a. It is overly reliant on the use of Uniform Crime Reports (UCR) databases. b. It only records and tracks nonviolent crime. c. It overutilizes subjective National Crime Victimization Survey (NCVS) data. d. It has not been fully adopted in all 50 states.
a
Why do the changing demographics of the United States show a possibility for an increase in crime rates? a. The number of youth entering the prime years of committing crime or of their criminal careers will be and are increasing. b. America is growing more narcissistic, and so property crimes will increase. c. As more immigration occurs, violent crime rates will rise due to unequal assimilation. d. Illegal immigrants, who are growing in number, are predisposed to crime
d
In what way does the consensus view of crime differ from the conflict and interactionist views of crime? a. In deciding which behaviors should be outlawed or controlled, the state uses a globalist view incorporating the moral ideas of many religions. b. Society generally can't agree on what should be criminal so the ruling class needs to decide the law. c. A small number of elitists who control the system decide which behaviors should be outlawed or controlled based on their own personal beliefs. d. It holds that the majority of a society is in agreement as to what behaviors must be outlawed or controlled to protect society.
c
In what way is the National Incident-Based Reporting System (NIBRS) intended to be more explanatory than the Uniform Crime Reports (UCR)? a. It includes the name of the offender for each crime. b. It compiles summaries rather than statistics related to crime. c. It requires reports of crimes to be put into context. d. It is concerned only with the basic aspects of a crime.
b
Which of the following would be classified as a burglary? a. an individual stealing a person's bag on the street at gunpoint b. an individual breaking and entering into a person's home to steal valuables c. an individual entering onto the property of another without consent d. an individual physically assaulting a person while attempting to take his wallet
b
Which of the following would be considered an expressive act of violence? a. a male assaulting the defending occupants of a house that he has broken into to burgle b. a male tracking down and killing a person he suspects is having an affair with his wife c. a female stabbing another woman when the latter refuses to hand over her bag and wallet d. a female shooting and killing a guard during a bank robbery
d
Why is prostitution considered a public order crime in the United States? a. It is a crime universally viewed as wrong and unethical. b. It is a crime that upends ideas of private property rights. c. It is a crime rooted in violence and abuse. d. It is a crime that society has deemed immoral.