CLA-100 BBP Certification Exam
The sequence of the Chain of Infection is:
(1) Infectious agent to (2) Reservoir to (3) Port of Exit to (4) Means of Transmission to (5) Port of Entry to (6) Susceptible Host
______________, the ________ link, is how a microbe moves from exit point of one host to entry point of a new host.
Means of transmission, the fourth link
What does the acronym OSHA define as reasonably anticipated skin, eye, mucous membrane, or parenteral contact with blood or other potentially infectious materials that may result from the performance of an employee's duties?
Occupational Exposure
OSHA stands for:
Occupational Safety and Health Administration
Needle Safety Protocol:
Requires that organizations use safer medical devices with injury protection or needleless systems. Needs to reflect the changes in technology that can eliminate or reduce exposure to blood borne pathogens. Must document annually the consideration and implementation of safer devices.
Engineering controls include:
Safety needles/syringes. Sharps container. Cleanable work surfaces. Leak-proof containers.
An instrument or device that can cut or puncture skin is known as a:
Sharp
The average conversion time from HIV negative to HIV positive in a person exposed to HIV is:
Six weeks
Work associated risks include:
Splash mucous membranes (eyes, nose, or mouth) Contaminated sharp objects Exposure of non-intact skin
The Hepatitis C virus can be transmitted by small amounts of blood and can live outside the body for up to 3 weeks.
True
The PURPOSE of OSHA'S Bloodborne Pathogens Standard is to reduce occupational exposure to Hepatitis B, Hepatitis C, HIV and other bloodborne pathogens that employees may encounter in their work place.
True
The dosage schedule for Hepatitis B is an initial dose, a second dose one month after initial dose, and a third dose six months after initial dose.
True
The term "Regulated Waste" refers to how to deal with sharps or laundry contaminated with blood or OPIM and containing waste that is, or might be, contaminated with blood or OPIM.
True
To be effective, hand sanitizers MUST contain alcohol.
True
Unsafe sex can lead to exposure to bloodborne pathogens. Healthcare workers might be exposed by cleaning these areas.
True
With both Hepatitis and HIV, the person often DOES NOT KNOW they are infected.
True
Work Practice Controls means controls that reduce the likelihood of exposure by altering the manner in which a task is performed, such as prohibiting recapping of needles by a two-handed technique.
True
You are considered cured of Hepatitis C when a lab test done 3 months after treatment does not find any Hepatitis C virus in your blood.
True
The decision on whether a healthcare professional may or may not need prophylaxis is dependent on:
Type of exposure Type and amount of fluid or tissue If person is known to be infected with HIV or hepatitis Susceptibility of exposed person
Frequently missed areas in hand washing include:
Under or around nails Creases of knuckles Creases in palms of hands Under rings or watch
_________ _____________ is an approach to infection control to treat all human blood and certain human body fluids as if they were known to be infectious for HIV, HBV and other bloodborne pathogens.
Universal Precautions
Infection control standards can include:
Washing prior to or after patient care Washing after handling body fluids. Wearing protective equipment during patient care or handling body fluids.
Do you need to wash your hands after you have used gloves for a procedure?
Yes, every time.
Baby Boomers are 5 times more likely than other age groups to have Hepatitis C because:
according to the CDC, many Boomers were infected in the 1970s and 1980s when infection control standards were not what they are today. the Hepatitis C virus wasn't discovered until 1989 (it was previously referred to as Non-A, Non-B). donated blood was not screened for Hepatitis C until 1992. it can take years for symptoms of Hepatitis C to appear, so Baby Boomers may only be showing symptoms now.
How long can Hepatitis B survive in DRIED blood?
at least 7 days (1 week)
Which area of the body is normally microbe-free?
blood stream (other areas include the brain, lungs, and areas surrounding internal organs)
There are ________ different types of hepatitis virus.
five (5)
Alcohol-based hand cleansers SHOULD BE USED:
if hands are not visibly dirty. if soap and water are not available.
OPIM stands for:
other potentially infectious materials
A __________________ is an environment where the infectious agent can live and thrive.
reservoir
The difference between "Highly Contaminated" and "Clean" is:
100 to 1 microbe ratio.
WHEN should medical workers who are in direct contact with patients use Standard Precautions?
At all times.
Hand sanitizers will NOT KILL Norovirus, Giardia or C. difficile.
True
Hepatitis (inflammation of the liver) can be caused by extreme alcoholism and not necessarily by a virus.
True
Hepatitis A and E are passed by the fecal-oral route rather than body fluid to body fluid.
True
If you can't get a tissue, at least cough or sneeze into your shoulder.
True
If you use a WET paper towel to turn off a faucet, microbes on the faucet can move through the weaving in the paper towel onto your hands.
True
It is ILLEGAL to fire you for reporting a safety violation to OSHA if you're ignored by your employer.
True
Jaundice is associated with hepatitis effects on the liver.
True
Jaundice is often one of the first signs of hepatitis.
True
Microbes can be blown onto a surface as an aerosol.
True
More people die each year from Hepatitis than from AIDS.
True
New hepatitis C virus infections in the United States nearly tripled between 2010 and 2015
True
OSHA has a list of occupations that have occupational exposure defined as "...reasonably anticipated skin, eye, mucous membrane, or parenteral contact with blood or other potentially infectious material that may result from the performance of an employee's duties."
True
Oregon is number 1 for Hepatitis C deaths per capita.
True
Other bloodborne pathogens can include Syphilis, Epstein-Barr virus, and Rabies.
True
Poor personal hygiene significantly increases the number of microbes in the surrounding area.
True
Standard precautions are designed to reduce the risk of transmission of microorganisms from both recognized and unrecognized sources of infection (whether or not blood is visible).
True
Symptoms of Hepatitis B infection can show up as early as 2 weeks or as late at 6 weeks after exposure.
True
The EMPLOYER is obligated to have and orient you to an exposure control plan individualized to that employment setting.
True
The ability to DECONTAMINATE a surface is influenced by:
Amount of activity in the area. Air circulation in the area. Amount of moisture present.
Good Hand hygiene means using soap and water with _____seconds of RUBBING.
20-30
HOW MANY TIMES can you use an antibacterial gel before you MUST wash your hands (if your hands are NOT visibly dirty)?
5 times
OSHA estimates __________ workers in health care and other facilities are at risk of exposure to BBP.
5.6 million
Recent scientific advances have made today's treatments for Hepatitis C shorter and more effective, with cure rates of around:
95%
Which factor(s) increase(s) host susceptibility?
Age Poor nutrition Stress Cancer or other disease that suppresses immune system
Employer and Employee obligations include:
BBP training before assigned to any tasks with risks of BBP exposure Annual BBP training after this initial training Copy of standard available at ALL times (Internet only if available at all times!)
Which of the following is an example of your understanding of NORMAL FLORA?
Bacteria that live on a person without causing harm
Labels are required for:
Biohazard bags Containers of regulated waste Refrigerators and freezers containing blood or OPIM Containers used to store, transport, or ship blood or OPIM.
Ways people can get Hepatitis C include:
Blood transfusions, organ donations, or blood products before 1992 Unsterilized tools at tattoo parlors Sharing personal items that have infected blood, such as shaving razors or toothbrushes Health care workers exposed to blood prior to 1992.
Which body fluids pose a risk of bloodborne pathogen transmission?
Cerebral spinal fluid (CSF), synovial fluid and peritoneal fluid. Pericardial fluid, Amniotic fluid and Plural fluid. Blood, Semen and Vaginal secretions.
Which would put you at GREATEST risk of contracting a BLOODBORNE PATHOGEN in the work setting?
Cindy's water broke and you are assigned to stay with her until the ambulance arrives
What is the proper action to take if blood is splashed on a countertop during a procedure on a patient?
Clean the spill with a disinfectant as soon as possible.
If an employee is stuck by a possibly infected needle, the employer must:
Document the route(s) of exposure. Identify and document the source individual. Collect and testing of blood of the source and employee for HBV and HIV. Provide post-exposure prophylaxis and care.
An Exposure Control Plan includes:
Documentation of the route(s) of exposure. Identification and documentation of the source individual. Hepatitis B vaccination and post-exposure evaluation and follow-up for any exposure.
The medical science behind tracking and controlling diseases is called:
Epidemiology
A "DO NOT ENTER WITHOUT PPE" notice on a patient's door breeches Patient Confidentiality.
False
Antibacterial gel/foam is used ONLY when hands are VISIBLY contaminated.
False
It is okay to put liquids into biohazard bags, such as IV bags without needles, soda, etc.
False
It is okay to put regular garbage in a biohazardous container if the regular garbage container is full.
False
It is okay to put your hand in a sharps container to retrieve something.
False
Universal Precautions assumes ONLY blood is infectious.
False
What are some examples of PPE?
Gloves Goggles Gowns
From the statistical data on HIV/AIDS, one can safely conclude:
HIV/AIDS rates are much higher on continents with several third world countries.
Inflammation of the liver is called:
Hepatitis
Against which of these diseases can healthcare workers be currently protected by a vaccine?
Hepatitis B
What are the TWO bloodborne pathogens SPECIFICALLY ADDRESSED by OSHA?
Hepatitis B HIV
WHICH of the following is (are) Primary Cause(s) of Chronic Liver Disease?
Hepatitis B Hepatitis C Alcoholism
Which type of Hepatitis is bloodborne, common in the US, is more common among IV drug users and more likely to develop into the chronic form?
Hepatitis C
Sources of a biohazard include:
Human (or animal) blood. Human (or animal) OPIM. Infected human waste. Used sharps.
(An) example(s) of a bloodborne pathogen include:
Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) Ebola Hepatitis B virus (HBV)
Why is alcohol NOT an effective disinfectant?
It dries too quickly to disinfect surfaces. It is highly flammable.
Jan is a paramedic who has just given an injection. As she goes to place the sharp in the sharps container, the ambulance hits a bumps and she gets stuck. She knows the patient has Hepatitis C. Which of the following is correct, based on your understanding of Hepatitis C?
Jan is LESS likely to contract Hepatitis than if the client had Hepatitis B.
Which person is at the LEAST risk of contracting Hepatitis?
Jordyn, who attends stress reduction classes at the community recreation center.
Safe Work Practices regarding BBP include:
No eating, drinking, applying makeup or smoking in areas where blood or OPIM are a risk Care of environment Hepatitis B vaccination Proper handling of biological waste (including spills/disposal of biological waste)
Organisms that have a harmonious relationship with its host are referred to as:
Normal flora
A disease or infection-causing microbe is called:
Pathogen
Disease effects on normal structure/function are referred to as:
Pathophysiology
WHICH of the following is (are) TRUE for Hepatitis C?
People can live with it for years with no symptoms. By the time symptoms do appear, liver damage is often advanced. Left untreated, Hepatitis C can cause liver damage, liver cancer, and even death. Each year, more people die from Hepatitis C than from HIV.
PPE stands for:
Personal Protective Equipment
Johan has an infection in his sinuses and lungs, but no sick time. He decides to go to work coughing and sneezing the whole shift, only remembering to cover his nose and mouth about half the time. Which link represents the break in the chain of infection in this scenario, placing you at risk of infection?
Port of exit
When should you always do hand-washing instead of using hand sanitizer?
Potential exposure to Norovirus. Interacting with a patient with C. difficile. Handling specimens with suspected Giardia.
The purpose of engineering and work practice controls in eliminating or minimizing employee exposure include:
Readily accessible hand washing facilities. Contaminated sharps management. Procedures involving blood handling.
Ascites is a complication of Hepatitis. Which of the following reflects your understanding of the cause of this complication?
The liver is not able to break down protein.
A biohazard is defined as a biological agent or condition that is a hazard to humans or the environment.
True
A bloodborne pathogen is a microscopic organism that is carried in the blood and cause disease in people.
True
Any injury or accident that involves exposure to blood or body fluids should be immediately followed by handwashing.
True
Anything could be contaminated, so always be looking for obvious contamination, but remember OTHER potentially infectious material will be less obvious than blood.
True
Do not place food in a refrigerator that contains lab specimens or medications.
True
