Classical Conditioning

Extinction

In classical conditioning, the disappearance of a conditioned response when an unconditioned stimulus no longer follows a conditioned stimulus. When a conditioned response stops occurring

Conditioned Stimulus

A previously neutral stimulus that, because of pairing with an unconditioned stimulus, now causes a conditioned response.

Taste Aversion

A type of classical conditioning in which a previously desirable or neutral food comes to be perceived as repugnant because it is associated with negative stimulation. This is a form of classical conditioning that happens in everyday life. It is when the unconditioned stimulus of a bad food causes the unconditioned response of illness. This results in the conditioned response of not eating that food again because of that bad experience. This conditioned response is called a _____.

A conditioned response occurs __________.

as a result of pairing an unconditioned stimulus with a conditioned stimulus

Conditioned Response

A learned response to a previously neutral stimulus.

Spontaneous Recovery

Revival of an extinguished response

Stimulus

A feature in the environment that is detected by an organism or that leads to a change in behavior.

Classical Conditioning

A type of learning in which a neutral stimulus comes to elicit an unconditioned response when that neutral stimulus is repeatedly paired with a stimulus that normally causes an unconditioned response.

Conditioning

A type of learning that involves stimulus-response connections, in which the response is conditional on the stimulus.

Response

An observable reaction to a stimulus.

This method of application of classical conditioning is used in overcoming fears. The reasoning behind it is that if a fear is created by something negative, that fear can be reversed by pairing a pleasing stimulus with the one that is feared.

Counterconditioning

The method of _________ involves exposing a person to a harmless stimulus until he or she is no longer afraid of it.

Flooding

Classical conditioning can be applied to help overcome fears using the method of

Flooding Counterconditioning Systematic Desensitization

How do the US, UR, CS, and CR help a person learn in classical conditioning?

In classical conditioning, a neutral stimulus is paired with an unconditioned stimulus (US), which causes an unconditioned response (UR). The neutral stimulus becomes a conditioned stimulus (CS) and causes a conditioned response (CR).

Unconditioned Stimulus

In classical conditioning, a stimulus that elicits an unlearned, naturally occurring response.

Unconditioned Response

In classical conditioning, an unlearned response.

How does the bell-and-pad method work?

In the bell-and-pad method, a child sleeps on a special pad. When he or she starts to wet the bed, the liquid causes a bell to go off (US). The bell wakes the child (UR). The ringing of the bell is associated with a full bladder (CS). Soon the child starts waking up in response to bladder tension (CR).

Conditioning works by pairing different stimuli together so that one instigates a response in the other.

True

In flooding, a person is exposed to a specific fear-provoking stimulus until the fear is extinguished.

True

A stimulus that becomes associated with an unconditioned stimulus to produce a conditioned response is a(n) _______

conditioned stimulus

In the method called ___, a person is exposed to harmless stimulus until the fear responses are extinguished.

flooding

Classical conditioning is useful to animals and people because it helps them do all of the following except __________.

learn through observation

Something that produces a response is called a ________

stimulus

A response that is automatic, or not learned, is called a(n) __

unconditioned response

Spontaneous recovery can occur

when the conditioned stimulus starts again after a period of absence.