Classification and Taxonomy Unit Review
Derived character
A trait that arose in the most recent common ancestor of a particular lineage and was passes along to its descendants
autotroph
An organism that can produce its own energy from chemical reactions (example: photosynthesis)
heterotroph
An organism that obtains energy from eating others
Phylogenetic tree
Branching diagram linking showing proposed evolutionary relationships among organisms
Taxon
Category into which related organisms are placed
Prokaryote
Cells that DO NOT contain a nucleus
Eukaryote
Cells that DO contain a nucleus
Cladogram
Classification diagram linking groups of organisms by showing how evolutionary lines branched off from common ancestors
Analogous structures
Different structure with the same functions
Multi-Cellular
Organism with 2 or more cells
Unicellular
Organism with one cell
Homologous structures
Same structure with different functions
Taxoniomist
Scientist who studies the science of classification
Kingdom Animalia
a kingdom a of multicellular, eukaryotic organisms that are free-moving, and lack cell walls; classified under Domain Eukarya
Kingdom Plantae
a kingdom a of multicellular, eukaryotic organisms that have a cell wall made of cellulose; classified under Domain Eukarya
Kingdom Fungi
a kingdom a of multicellular, eukaryotic organisms, such as mushrooms and molds, that have a cell wall containing chitin; classified under Domain Eukarya
Kingdom Protista
a kingdom of a variety of eukaryotic unicellular, colonial, and multicellular organisms, such as ameoba, euglena, paramecieum, protozoans, algae, etc.; classified under Domain Eukarya
Kingdom Archeabacteria
a kingdom of prokaryotic organisms that contains mostly bacteria that are limited to extreme environments; classified under Domain Archea
Kingdom Eubacteria
a kingdom of prokaryotic organisms that contains mostly free-living and common bacteria; classified under Domain Bacteria
Dichotomous key
a tool that allows the user to determine the identity of organisms
Binominal nomenclature
classification system developed by Carolus Linnaeus in which each species is assigned a two-part scientific name
Species
group of similar organisms that can interbreed and produce fertile offspring
Domain Archea
includes Kingdom Archeabacteria (prokaryotes)
Domain Bacteria
includes Kingdom Eubacteria (prokaryotes)
Domain Eukarya
includes Kingdoms Protista, Fungi, Plantae and Animalia (eukaryotes)
Domain
the broadest most inclusive level of classification; larger than a kingdom (Archaea, Bacteria, Eukaryotes)
