(Clicker Q's) The Endocrine System

C

A 47-year-old patient develops a tumor of the anterior lobe of the pituitary gland, causing hypersecretion of ACTH. If not treated, what disorder is most likely to result? A. acromegaly B. cretinism C. Cushing's disease D. gigantism

A

A deficiency in which of the following hormones contributes to delayed onset of puberty in thin girls? A. leptin B. thyroxine C. renin D. erythropoietin

A

Aldosterone secretion occurs in response to which of the following? A. a rise in blood potassium levels B. an increase in blood sodium content C. an increase in blood pressure D. a drop in blood potassium content

C

Glucocorticoids are the dominant hormones of which phase of the general adaptation syndrome (GAS)? A. exhaustion phase B. stress phase C. resistance phase D. alarm phase

D

Hormones that produce different but complementary results in a given tissue or organs are said to have _____ effects. A. permissive B. synergistic C. antagonistic D. integrative

B

In elderly individuals, which of the following hormones are secreted in less quantity after a carbohydrate-rich meal? A. glucagon and growth hormone B. growth hormone and insulin C. glucagon and mineralocorticoids D. prolactin and insulin

C

Increased synthesis and release of glucose from the liver are a result of the activation of which cells/organs? A. beta cells of the pancreas B. pineal gland C. alpha cells of the pancreas D. C cells of the pancreas

A

Kidneys are the primary target for which of the following hormones? A. mineralocorticoids B. androgens C. epinephrine and norepinephrine D. glucocorticoids

C

Peripheral nerve and tissue damage, retinal damage, and kidney degeneration are all symptoms of A. Cushing's disease. B. Addison's disease. C. diabetes mellitus. D. cretinism.

A

Soon after a meal, increasing blood glucose levels result in secretion of _____ by _____ cells of the pancreas. A. insulin; beta B. glucagon; alpha C. melatonin; beta D. glucagon; beta

C

The hypothalamus asserts control over the autonomic nervous system through its innervation of the A. kidneys. B. posterior pituitary gland. C. adrenal medullae. D. heart.

B

What pituitary hormone targets the interstitial cells of the testes, resulting in testosterone secretion? A. follicle-stimulating hormone B. luteinizing hormone C. oxytocin D. growth hormone

C

What thyroid hormone molecule, derived from the amino acid tyrosine, has four atoms of iodine attached? A. triiodothyronine B. calcitonin C. thyroxine D. PTH

A

Which hormone is produced by neurons of the hypothalamus? A. oxytocin B. calcitonin C. growth hormone D. aldosterone

C

Which hormone is produced in the adrenal medulla? A. aldosterone B. cortisol C. norepinephrine D. testosterone

B

Which is not an effect of insulin release? A. an increase in glycogen reserves B. an increased use of proteins for energy C. an increase in triglyceride reserves D. a decrease in blood glucose concentration

B

Which of the following hormones cross the cell membrane before binding to intracellular receptors in the cytoplasm, nucleus, or mitochondria? A. ADH and oxytocin B. steroid and thyroid hormones C. growth hormones and melatonin D. epinephrine and norepinephrine

B

Which of the following hormones have anti-inflammatory effects? A. epinephrine and norepinephrine B. glucocorticoids C. androgens D. mineralocorticoids

D

Which of the following hormones is released from the posterior lobe of the pituitary gland? A. follicle-stimulating hormone B. luteinizing hormone C. adrenocorticotropic hormone D. antidiuretic hormone

A

Which of the following hormones may protect CNS neurons from free radicals, such as nitric oxide (NO) or hydrogen peroxide (H2O2)? A. melatonin B. insulin C. melanin D. glucagon

B

Which of the following is a result of pancreatic beta cell activation? A. increased breakdown of glycogen to glucose in liver and skeletal muscle B. increased amino acid absorption and protein synthesis C. increased breakdown of fats to fatty acids in adipose tissue D. decreased rate of glucose utilization and ATP generation

C

Which of the following is an effect of parathyroid hormone? A. decreased calcium concentration in body fluids B. increased energy utilization, growth, and development C. increased calcium concentration in body fluids D. release of amino acids from skeletal muscles and lipids from adipose

D

Which of the following regulates hormone secretion at the highest level of endocrine control? A. anterior lobe of pituitary gland B. posterior lobe of pituitary gland C. adrenal medullae D. hypothalamus

D

Why are almost all of the released thyroid hormones unavailable? A. They are quickly metabolized in the bloodstream. B. The amino acid tyrosine is difficult to manufacture in the body. C. The cuboidal epithelia of the follicular cells are often inactive. D. They become attached to plasma proteins in the bloodstream.