Climate Change
Carbon dioxide, nitrogen, water vapor, and methane are all greenhouse gases that trap heat, T/F?
False
Chlorofluorocarbons were present in the atmosphere in pre-industrial times (T/F?)
False
Sea levels are likely to stabilize globally (T/F?)
False
US is a signatory country and has also ratified the Kyoto protocol (T/F?)
False
in the 10,000 years before the industrial revolution in 1751, carbon dioxide levels in the air rose by less than 10 percent, in 2012, the increase rate has been doubled (T/F)
False
Guiding principals for program design has two critical features: cap on emissions and accountability (T/F)
False, cap on emissions, accountability, simplicity
in the greenough et a. paper published in the journal of environmental health perspectives in 2001 with the tornado data from 1945 to 1989 in the US, which state had the highest frequency of severe tornados?
Florida
In global climate projection, heat waves are projected to be likely to be _____________________
More intense and more frequent
What roles do oceans play in the carbon cycle?
They are a major source of carbon dioxide, they are a major absorber (Sink) of carbon dioxide
CO2 is the most significant of the greenhouse gases causing global warming (T/F?)
True
The market-based approach enshrined in the US acid rain program has demonstrated that environmental protections need not compete with economic well being (T/F?)
True
according to the IPCCs report from 2014, every decade of warming that happens decreases the amount of food the world can produce by 2% (T/F)
True
all models assessed for all the non-mitigation scenarios considered, project increases in global mean surface air temperature (SAT) (T/F?)
True
numerous studies have linked exposure to fine particle pollution to
aggravated asthma, decreased lung function, development of chronic bronchitis
how far can air pollution travel from its source?
around the world
is air quality in the US better or worse on average than it was 20 years ago?
better
how can climate change affect the frequency of the west nile virus infections?
changing weather conditions alter mosquito habitats, changing weather conditions alter bird habitats, changes in mosquito hatching and survival rates
what population is most likely to suffer the most from our fossil fuel addiction?
children
EPA warns that a climate change induced increase in ozone could
damage human health, increase human death, and damage plant life
in most of north america, snow season length and snow depth are likely to
decrease
will rising levels of atmospheric carbon dioxide _________ the nutritional value of wheat and rice?
decrease
Climate change tends to make wet areas dry and dry areas wet (T/F)
false
at this point we cannot be certain that climate changes will occur, nor do we know the mode, timing, or magnitude of changes or environmental responses even at a regional scale(T/F)
false
it is appropriate to convey an average impacts over time to summarize the health impacts of extreme weather events (T/F)
false
new technologies and inexpensive energy made it possible to irrigate large areas with groundwater, which is sustainable (T/F)
false
urbanized population is well equipped to cope with climate change (T/F)
false
what are sources of nitrogen dioxide?
plant decay, factories, lightning, car exhaust
studies have shown that within the displaced population that evacuated new orleans following katrina, older people that were low income were the slowest to recover from the disaster. that population is called a
sensitive population
what are some forms of air pollution
smoke, haze or smog, dust
several approaches to land management have been developed in the face of high uncertainty concerning the outcomes of management actions which may include
the precautionary principle, adaptive management, and it will be important to reevaluate management tools that are based on empirical correlations to ensure that the underlying assumptions remain valid under changing climatic conditions
2016 became the warmest year in NOAA's 137 year series(T/F)
true
Impacts from repeated smaller events can be as significant as a major extreme event(T/F)
true
extreme heat causes more deaths annually in the US than all other extreme weather events combined(T/F)
true
unlike a flood, drought is rarely a direct killer(T/F)
true
according to the UN development programs, what percent of the world population are currently malnourished?
50%
in the greenough et a. paper published in the journal of environmental health perspectives in 2001 with the tornado data from 1945 to 1989 in the US, which state had the lowest frequency of severe tornados?
Alaska
cardiovascular mortality associated with extreme heat or extreme cold has been ? due to global warming
decreasing due to heat but constant due to cold
the healthcare infrastructure in the US is vulnerable to climate change in a number of important ways
disasters can severely hinder the delivery of health care with long-term impacts, changes in the number of patients and the spectrum of diseases with which they present could occur in some regions, the types of advice offered to patients with chronic conditions and the infrastructure to support them may need be adapted to protect against climate induced changes that may make the individuals more vulnerable
what are the potential reasons that may have caused the dust bowl to happen?
drought in 1880s till 1892 and led to shifts in ag production, farmers shifted to deeper plowing, demand for grain increased in the US, a drought in 1920-13 that affected the southern plains
Which of the following activities contributes the most to carbon emissions globally?
energy supply
the urban built environment can ? the effects of heat
exacerbate and alleviate
as a result of increased greenhouse gas emissions like CO2, which is building up in our atmosphere to the level that could produce severe effects like:
extreme heat, prolonged droughts, intense storms, dangerous sea level rise
global average temperatures are projected to increase less than 1.8C by the end of the century(T/F)
false
increases in extreme temperature in North America, shortened hot spells, and increased diurnal temperature range(T/F)
false, increases in extreme temperature events, both as distribution percentiles and threshold event, prolonged hot spells, increased diurnal temperature range
greenland and iceland are relatively near each other with a distance of only about 175 km at their closest, and the settlement was easy(T/F)
false, settlement was difficult
warming is very likely to be smaller than the global annual mean warming throughout the african continent(T/F)
false, warming is very likely to be larger than the global annual mean warming throughout the continent and in all seasons, with drier subtropical region warming more than the moister tropics
the greenhouse effect is caused by
greenhouse gases in the lower atmosphere absorbing radiation from the Earth's surface and preventing much of it from escaping into space
what type of pollution does not come directly from cars and trucks
ground-level ozone
which one is the most dangerous to human health hand disease development?
heat, ozone, small particulate matter
how can more frequent intense storms affect drinking water sources?
heavy precipitation can overwhelm sewage and stormwater systems and pollute drinking water sources, excessive precipitation and storms can damage water treatment; wastewater and stormwater structures
the adverse health impacts from air pollution on respiratory diseases globally ? as temperatures rise
increase
the risk of extreme weather events is expected to _______ as global warming occurs
increase
while climate change lead to ? in asthma attacks
increase
if global temperatures increase by 2 to 3C as expected, it is estimated the population at risk for malaria will
increase by 3 to 5 percent
In global climate projection, almost everywhere daily minimum temperatures are projected to
increase faster than daily maximum temperatures and lead to a decrease in diurnal temperature range
how can the changing climate and weather affect human health?
increase frequency or severity of existing health risks, introduce health risks to geographic regions where they have not previously occurred, shift the timing of seasonal health risks
another air contaminant of particular concern in Ohio is small particulate pollution which may
increase the severity of asthma attacks in children, increase the number of heart attacks, cause early deaths from heart and lung disease
which case may not be regarded as an increase in susceptibility in terms of health effects from multiple stresses and vulnerable populations?
individual living condition to possible injury from building collapse
which theory has not been proposed to account for the viking settlement disappearance?
its possible that low winter temps would have been more difficult than low summer temps for the vikings
the worlds first agreement between nations to cut greenhouse gas emission is called
kyoto protocol
which foods have the worst carbon footprint?
lamb and beef
the indirect health impacts from extreme weather events
ma reflect a loss of access to critical resources and can result from disruption to routines
what are aerosols?
minute particles suspended in the atmosphere
climate change mitigation policies and actions should be taken by
national governments, private sectors, other areas of civil society
in the US, waterborne diseases could affect
neurological systems, respiratory systems, liver, gastrointestinal system
what is the relationship between the increase in risk and the health impacts from future extreme weather events?
sensitivity of health impact totals to single events means marginal impacts could have either minimal or significant health impact, sociodemographic changes in population location-size-health-wealth likely as significant as impact of climate change on event's future health impact, adaptation in the form of hazard planning-preparation and response will play a critical role in determining the magnitude of future health impacts from extreme weather events
Results can be driven by impacts of a single extreme weather event (T/F)
true
Serious effects of global warming have become evident (T/F)
true
cumulative effects mean the impact on the environment which results from the incremental impact of the action when added to other past-present and foreseeable future actions (T/F)
true
droughts cut back on the food produced(T/F)
true
droughts have a huge economic cost even in developed countries (T/F)
true
extreme heat can be particularly deadly among the poor who may not have the luxury of retreating to air-conditioned rooms
true
flooding decreases the amount of land available for farming(T/F)
true
human activities may have caused an imbalance in the natural cycle of the greenhouse effect and related problems (T/F)
true
human induced climate change is itself a cumulative impact of multiple human activities (T/F)
true
in climate change, a change in one aspect causes a cascade of responses that in some cases counteract and in others magnify the initial change (T/F)
true
it is well regarded that the countries that emit the least greenhouse gasses will suffer the most from climate change(T/F)
true
what are possible solutions for climate change?
Carbon capture and storage, hybrid technology, creating carbon emission caps, more wind power
Carbon dioxide is not the only carbon-containing compound in the atmosphere researchers are studying, what else are scientists looking at?
Carbon monoxide, methane, and black carbon
which illness does not increase in frequency along with higher temperatures? dehydration, arthritis, kidney stones, legionnaires disease
arthritis
under changing climate conditions, extreme weather events and changes in temperature and precipitation patterns are anticipated to
become a chronic problem
is ozone good or bad for humans?
both
climate hcnage on human health impact which may include
change in the pattern of existing infectious diseases, more infectious diseases, climate sensitivity for several cardiovascular diseases, potential impacts on cancer both directly from climate change and indirectly from climate change mitigation strategies
why do levels of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere fall during the summer in the northern hemisphere
covered by significant vegetation and during the summer this vegetation takes up more co2 and during the winter when it decays it releases more carbon dioxide
how long do dust and soot remain in the air generally?
10 days
how many C increase is projected to occur in winter in the northernmost parts of Alaska and Canada?
10C
people have been concerned about the rise in carbon dioxide in our atmosphere, the result of human activity, since the
19th century
how high will the sea rise if the arctic and western shelf of the antarctic melt away?
20 feet
increasing temperatures from climate change are causing ticks that carry lyme disease to become active earlier in the year and expand their distribution north. how many cases of lyme disease per year are reported in the US annually on average?
30500
what is the current level of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere?
400 ppm
which state is not included in the US dust bowl?
Nebraska
the following exposures may cause cancer
air pollution, cigarette smoking, climate change through increases in exposure to toxic chemicals that are known or suspected to causes cancer following heavy rainfall and by increased volatilization of chemicals under conditions of increased temperature
what are the factors included in the WHO environment definition?
all modifiable physical-chemical and biological factors external to the human host, all related behaviors that are critical to establishing and maintaining a healthy livable environment
Carbon capture and storage is a technology being developed in an attempt to slow global warming (T/F)
True
Fifth IPCC report presents that the total anthropogenic radiative forcing estimate for 2011 is substantially higher (43%) than the estimate reported in AR4 for the year 2005 (T/F?)
True
Some kinds of pollution in the atmosphere can act to cool the planet by reducing the amount of solar radiation that reaches earth's surface (T/F?)
True
the surface warming in the US is projected to exceed 4C by some projections(T/F)
True
the climate of the midwest has already changed measurably over the last half century including
annual temperature rise, increase in major heat waves, fewer cold snaps, ice and snow are melting sooner in the spring and later in the fall, heavy rains are occurring about twice as frequently as the did a century ago and increasing the risk of flooding
What greenhouse gas is most abundant in the atmosphere?
Water Vapor
