Climate Change Unit

_____________ species are impacting coral reef ecosystems by out-competing native reef animals.

invasive

Ocean acidification prevents organisms from being able to calcify their ______________ and __________.

skeletons; shells

Major events in ____ reactions: 1. water is broken down, releasing oxygen, hydrogen ions, and electrons. 2. NADPH forms. 3. High energy particles are formed from energized electrons. 4. Chlorophyl molecules absorb light energy. 5. ATP is produces

Light

Light energy is captured and transferred to electrons within chlorophyll during which process?

Light Reactions

Calvin Cycle 3 major events:

Carbon fixation, regeneration of RuBP, CO2 reduction

The Calvin cycle uses ATP and _______ to produce sugars.

NADPH

________ functions to carry high-energy. electrons during photosynthesis

NADPH

Drought, heat waves, spread of diseases, habitat loss, and extinction are all impacts of __________ __________ at the individual and species level of biological organization.

climate change

includes changes in average temperature and precipitation

climate change

__________ ____________ creates new risks for humans because of its potential for exposing _______________ diseases, or diseases in which an infectious agent is spread from one organism to another.

climate change; vector-borne

In the west and southeast parts of the United States, precipitation has _________________.

decreased

In central and northeast parts of the United States, precipitation has _______________.

increased

The __________ concentration of hydrogen ions results in a _________ of the pH of the aqueous environment. (Ocean Acidifictation)

increased;lowering

greenhouse gases absorb ________ radiation emitted by the planet's surface. this trapped energy is ______ slowly back into the atmosphere

infrared; released

Climate change can alter where species live, how they __________ with other species, and the timing of biological events.

interact

The ____ fish is an example of an invasive species. It was introduced in the Gulf of Mexico by humans.

lion

the change in the ocean waters _____ is due to the ability of CO2 to readily dissolve in water.

pH

Carbon naturally cycles between nonliving reservoirs calls ____ and living organisms called _____.

sinks; sources

The inputs of the light reactions are water, ______ and NADP+.

ADP

Light reaction steps: 1. ____ molecules absorb solar energy 2. _____ are energized to form high energy particles 3. Water breaks down, releasing water, oxygen, and ____ ions. 4. High-energy electrons are used to produce ATP from ____ and P 5. ______ is produced when NADP+ accepts some of the high energy electrons as well

1. Chlorophyl 2. electrons 3. hydrogen 4. ADP 5. NADPH

Photosynthesis only

1. Occurs inside the chloroplast 2. A pathway for building sugar 3. Reactants are CO2 and H2O 4. Products are glucose and oxygen 5. Dependent on light

both photosynthesis and cellular respiration

1. a metabolic process 2. used by plant cells

Step 1: solar energy _________ earth. Step 2: solar energy is _____ or ______. Step 3: solar energy is ________ as heat. Step 4: solar energy is _____ by gases in the atmosphere and some _____ the planet.

1. strikes 2. absorbed; reflected 3. released 4. trapped; escapes

The Earth's surface temperature has increased ____ degrees Fahrenheit since the 1980s

1.8

in the _______ the global temperature started increasing rapidly

1980s

levels of CO2 prior to the 1950s had stayed below _______ ppm.

300

Scientists have been recording increased levels of carbon dioxide. The increased levels are due to A. humans' agriculture practices. The removal of native plant species and their replacement with non-native grasses have increased the amount of carbon dioxide given off by plants. B. humans burning fossils fuels. Carbon that was formerly sequestered in reservoirs is now being released into the atmosphere at an alarming rate. C. humans' agriculture practices. As the human population continues to grow, the need for domestic livestock has increased. In turn, the amount of carbon dioxide being released by respiration has increased at an alarming rate. D. humans lack of removal of harmful pollutants from the environment. The pollutants leech into grasslands, forests, and rivers preventing the process of photosynthesis and ultimately the removal of carbon dioxide from the environment.

B. humans burning fossils fuels. Carbon that was formerly sequestered in reservoirs is now being released into the atmosphere at an alarming rate.

Which of the following choices explains how anthropogenic climate change differs from naturally occurring changes to the climate? A. Anthropogenic climate change is only limited to areas where humans are found and are able to alter the climate. B. Anthropogenic climate change happens on a relatively small scale and does not have a global impact. C. Anthropogenic climate change occurs at such a rapid pace it is leaving organisms less time to adapt to their changing environment. D. Anthropogenic climate change occurs slowly and leaves organisms plenty of time to adapt to their changing environment.

C. Anthropogenic climate change occurs at such a rapid pace it is leaving organisms less time to adapt to their changing environment.

Which of the following properties provides an accurate reason as to why carbon is important to living organisms? A. Carbon has the ability to form weak bonds with other elements and functional groups. B. Carbon has the ability to bond up to three times with other atoms. C. Carbon has the ability to form long chains and complex ring structures that play an important role in forming large molecules. D. Carbon reacts only with other carbon atoms and does not react with other elements.

C. Carbon has the ability to form long chains and complex ring structures that play an important role in forming large molecules.

Greenhouse gases

CO2, water vapor, methane

CO2 is captured and converted to glucose during which process?

Calvin cycle

Some changes in a biome that may lead to desertification are...

Changes in temperature, Removal of natural vegetation, Overgrazing livestock

a gradual increase in the overa;l surface temperatures of Earth

Global Warming

Directly attributed to human activities

Global warming and Climate change

the _____ is defined as all the living organisms on earth along with the physical environment in which they live

biosphere

_______ is a waste product and is release back into the atmosphere.

Oxygen

increased CO2 levels in the atmosphere have contributed to _________________ of the oceans.

acidification

3 pigments commonly associated with photosynthesis are

chlorophyl a, chlorophyl b, and carotenoids

One consequence of climate change is change in temperature and precipitation patterns, which results in A. an increase in the severity and frequency of droughts and heat waves. B. a decrease in the severity and frequency of droughts and heat waves. C. a decrease in the severity and frequency of droughts and but an increase in the severity and frequency of heat waves. D. an increase in the severity and frequency of droughts and but a decrease in the severity and frequency of heat waves.

an increase in the severity and frequency of droughts and heat waves.

Plants and other ______ remove carbon dioxide from the atmosphere when they produce carbohydrates through photosynthesis

autotrophs

Due to high temperatures, coral _____________ causes the coral to expel algae.

bleaching

Carbon dioxide is produces by...

burning coal, fired, volcanoes, and deforestation

The carbon used to make sugars in photosynthesis comes from ______________ ___________.

carbon dioxide

when CO2 interacts with water it forms ___________ ___________

carbonic acid

Photosynthesis produces oxygen, which allows other animals to conduct _____________ ______________.

cellular respiration

Habitats are changing more rapidly than species are able to adapt, potentially leading to their ____________.

extinction

what is C6H12O6

glucose

As habitats change, species are moving to areas in which they _____ _____ previously been found.

have not

Common vectors, such as ______________ and ticks, acquire nutrients typically through their _______ and pass on diseases while drinking the host's _________. But, these vectors are typically limited to warm areas, which are necessary for them to reproduce.

mosquitoes; bite; blood

In the United States, the average _________________ has increased by 4% during the last century.

precipitation

Environmental conditions in habitats are _______ changing beyond what some species can tolerate.

rapidly

Carbon Dioxide levels...

remained below 300 ppm for centuries, increased annually since the 1950s, and have risen from 300 to 411ppm (in 2019.)

_____________ global temperatures affect both, mosquitoes and ticks, their reproductive potential and their ability to increase their ______________ range.

rising; geographic

Ocean acidification causes reduction in corals and shellfish, making it more difficult for fishes to find ________ and food.

shelter

Photosynthesis produces ________, which are used as. an energy source by plants and other organisms.

sugars

Ocean acidification dissolves the existing shells and skeletons of organisms, which reduces their chances of _____________ and reproducing.

surviving

Across the globe, the average ____________ has nearly doubled in the last 50 years.

temperature

2 main factors used to determine the climate of a region

temperature and rainfall

The light reactions of photosynthesis take place in the __________ membrane.

thylakoid

Habitats are being _____ and are affecting species abundance.

lost

What is the role of carbon dioxide in photosynthesis? A. Carbon dioxide is reduced to a sugar during photosynthesis. B. Carbon dioxide is oxidized to a sugar during photosynthesis. C. Carbon dioxide is split into carbon and oxygen. D. Carbon dioxide acts as the final electron acceptor in the electron transport chain embedded in the thylakoid membrane.

A. Carbon dioxide is reduced to a sugar during photosynthesis.

In the light reactions he energy release by energized electrons is used to produce ____ and NADPH.

ATP

Cellular Respiration only

1. Occurs inside the mitochondria. 2. A pathway for breaking down sugar 3. Reactants are glucose and oxygen 4. Products are CO2 and H2O 5. Used by plants and animal cells

What is the role of light during the light reactions of photosynthesis? A. Light energy is used to replace the electrons removed from the photosystems. B. Light energy is absorbed and used to excite electrons in the pigment molecules. C. Light energy is used to fix carbon dioxide into sugar molecules. D. Light energy is used to recycle G3P into ATP.

B. Light energy is absorbed and used to excite electrons in the pigment molecules.

Major events in _____ cycle: 1. G3P is created and then converted to CH20 and then carbohydrates. 2. Carbon is "fixed when atmospheric carbon dioxide is taken up. 3. Carbon Dioxide is reduced to more complex organic molecules using energy from breakdown of ATP and NADPH. 4. Pathway recycles.

Calvin

In relation to the carbon cycle, why is photosynthesis an important metabolic process to organisms on the planet? A. Carbon dioxide is converted to lipids. The lipid products of photosynthesis are used as building blocks for cell membranes by the plants, and by organisms that either eat plants or eat organisms that eat plants. B. Carbon dioxide is converted to sugar. The sugar products of photosynthesis are used as energy by the plants, and by organisms that either eat plants or eat organisms that eat plants. C. Carbon dioxide is converted to sugar. The sugar products of photosynthesis are used as the building blocks for DNA by the plants, and by organisms that either eat plants or eat organisms that eat plants. D. Carbon dioxide is converted to amino acid. The amino acid products of photosynthesis are used as the building blocks for proteins by the plants, and by organisms that either eat plants or eat organisms that eat plants.

B. Carbon dioxide is converted to sugar. The sugar products of photosynthesis are used as energy by the plants, and by organisms that either eat plants or eat organisms that eat plants.

Which of the following describes the principal role of photosynthesis in the carbon cycle? A. Using energy from the sun, plants convert carbon dioxide from the atmosphere into chemical energy of sugars. B. Using energy from the sun, plants convert sugars into kinetic energy. C. Using energy from the sun, plants convert carbon dioxide from the soil into chemical energy of sugars. D. Using energy from the sun, plants convert carbon dioxide from the atmosphere into kinetic energy.

A. Using energy from the sun, plants convert carbon dioxide from the atmosphere into chemical energy of sugars.

When fossil fuels are burned, they will __________. A. produce large quantities of carbon dioxide that is released in the atmosphere. This will increase the effects of climate change. B. produce large quantities of carbon dioxide that is released in the atmosphere. This will decrease the effects climate change. C. decrease carbon levels in the atmosphere. This will increase climate change due to the greenhouse effect. D. decrease carbon levels in the atmosphere. This will decrease climate change due to the greenhouse effect.

A. produce large quantities of carbon dioxide that is released in the atmosphere. This will increase the effects of climate change.