Clin Chem2 Quiz4

Alpha1-fetoprotein

A protein that is normally produced by the fetus but is found in increased amounts in the amniotic fluid in cases of spina bifida is:

Uremia

A toxic condition involving a very high serum level of urea and creatinine accompanied by failure of the three main functions of the renal system is referred to as:

An increase in urea in the blood

Azotemia refers to:

Liver disease

Elevated levels of ammonia are seen in:

AST, ALT, and ALK phosphatase

Elevation in which of the following are MOST likely to indicate liver disease?

Congestive heart failure

Given the following lab results, what is the most likely cause of this patient's BUN? BUN 45 mg/dL Creatinine 1.8 mg/dL Uric Acid 7 mg/dL pH 7.22 pCO2 74.4 mm Hg pO2 32.8 mm Hg O2 sat. 51.3%

Albumin/anode

If serum proteins were immersed in a buffer of pH 8.6, which protein, albumin (pi = 4.7) or gamma globulin (pi=7.6) would migrate the farthest by electrophoresis and toward which electrode?

Sodium carbonate

In the commonly used ("Caraway") colormetric method for uric acid in serum, interference from other reducing substances such as ascorbic acid is minimized by the addition of:

True

Increased uric acid levels can be due to toxemia of pregnancy, increased metabolism of cell nuclei, and gout.

True

Indirect urea methods begin with the hydrolysis of urea to ammonia.

Serum uric acid

Monitoring of _____________ in patients on chemotherapy due to leukemia, lymphoma, or multiple myeloma is necessary to avoid nephrotoxicity.

Cephalosporin

Of the following drug therapies, which is MOST likely to interfere with the Jaffe chemistry for measuring creatinine?

A bridging effect between the beta and gamma bands

Portal cirrhosis is a chronic disease of the liver. Observed on an electrophoretic serum protein pattern, a predominant characteristic of this disease is:

Urine creatinine concentration

The abbreviated Modification of Diet in Renal Disease (MDRD) equation considers all of the following variables EXCEPT:

Alpha1-antitrypsin

The acute phase reactant protein that also inhibits proteolysis and has the highest concentration within its globulin fraction is:

The method is not sufficiently sensitive for use with urine or CSF

The biuret method for total serum protein is used for serum but not for protein in urine or cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) because:

Low protein intake and severe liver disease

The major causes of decreased plasma urea concentrations include:

Ontonic pressure

The term below that is related to the ability of plasma proteins to maintain plasma water volume is:

True

True or False? An enzymatic method for creatinine on the Vitros (Kodak Ektachem) analyzer uses the reagent enzyme creatinine amidohydrolase.True

True

True or false? Serum uric acid levels may be elevated in patients undergoing cancer chemotherapy.

PKU

Which amino acid disorder that can cause mental retardation is evaluated by the Guthrie method or tandem mass spectrometry?

Draw heparin tube, keep on ice, test immediately

Which of the following best describes the correct collection and handling conditions for a blood ammonia measurement?

Draw sodium heparin tube, place in ice bath immediately, separate cells and plasma in refrigerated centrifuge, immediately remove plasma and freeze if analytical testing is delayed

Which of the following best describes the correct collection and handling conditions for a blood ammonia measurement?

Polyacrylamide gel

Which of the following electrophoretic media separates proteins primarily on the basis of molecular size?

Gamma globulin

Which of the following protein fraction is not produced by the liver?

Haptoglobin

A glycoprotein that binds with hemoglobin to facilitate the removal of hemoglobin by the reticuloendothelial system is:

Maintaining appropriate fluid balance by maintaining colloid osmotic pressure

Albumin's MAJOR role is:

True

Ammonia is an nonprotein nitrogen containing compound.

Congestive heart failure

BNP is a marker for?

Binding protein

Common clinical laboratory methods for the measurement of serum albumin are based on the properties of albumin as a/an:

Dehydration

Increased serum albumin concentrations are seen in which of the following conditions?

False

Serum urea levels are less affected by diet and metabolism than are serum creatinine levels.

Creatinine

The kinetic Jaffe method is used in the measurement of

The Caraway method

Urea can be measured in all of the following ways EXCEPT:

Is synthesized from CO2 and ammonia

Urea:

Complement

What globulin is one of the natural defense mechanisms of the body that lyses cells it binds to?

nitrogen

What sets proteins apart from pure carbohydrates and lipids?