Clinical Pathophysiology Exam 2 Review
Specify antibody titers can be measured early and again at 4 to 6 weeks after infection, a ______________ usually is considered diagnostic.
4 fold rise in titer
Smallpox usually has incubation period of ______________. The usual presenting manifestation are followed by a rash, which is initially ___________ and later becomes __________
7 to 17 days; vesicular; pustular
The CDC has ranked bioweapons into 3 categories. What category is Anthrax?
A
What are the surface molecules on bacteria that bind to specific host cells or matrix and are known to be the first step in infection?
Adhesins
Which of the following are examples of cytopathic-cytoproliferative reactions seen in viral infections?
All of the Above
Which of the following are examples of the different types of viral infections?
All of the Above
Which of the following is part of the host's natural defense against respiratory pathogens?
All of the Above
Helminthes are composed of?
All of the above
Microbes can enter the host through.
All of the above
Once inside a host cell, viruses can damage or kill cells, which of the following are mechanism of these actions?
All of the above
Prions are pathogenic agents that cause?
All of the above
Which of the following are majors determinants of tissue tropism for viral infection ?
All of the above
Which of the following is NOT a mechanism by which infectious agents establish infection and damage tissue?
All of the above
This is the bacteria live within a viscous polysaccharide "slime" that facilitate adhesion and can frustrate immune clearance of antibodies permeation.
Biofilms
What are two diseases caused by neurotoxin that blocks NT release?
Botulism and Tetanus
A major determinant of tissue tropism is the presence of viral receptors on host cells. What are the specific target receptor HIV glycoprotein gpl120 binds to in a host?
CD4 on T-cells and CCR5 on Macrophage
Smallpox?
Category A
Which of the following is NOT one of the 5 basic historical pattern of response to infection?
Cellular transformation and malignancy
What is the most frequent infectious cause of female starity and conjunctivitis?
Chlamydia
The protease resistance form of PrP promotes the ?
Convention of the normal PrP to an abnormal PrP form
The histological response to infection that usually occur in viral infections is known as?
Cytopathic-cytoproliferative reaction
What are two intracellular bacteria that kill the host cell through rapid replication and lysis?
E.coli and Shigella
Physical circumstances, such as chemical and temperature, contribute to tissue tropism by vital infection. Which of the following is an example of this circumstances?
Enteroviuses replicate in intestine
Intestinal protozoa are transmitted by insect vectors.
False
The distance microorganism travel into the respiratory system is proportional to their size.
False
Viruses consitst of a nucleic acid genome surrounded by a capsid coat and contain both DNA and RNA
False
Polio virus enter though the _____ and causes _____.
Gastrointestinal system; paralysis
Bacteria are generally classified by?
Gram staining and Need for oxygen. Not Size
What is the microbe responsible for chronic inflammation and epithelial injury to a host cell, which may lead to malignancy such as gastric cancer?
H.Pylori
Which of the following is not classified as an ectoparasite?
Hookworms
Which of the below if NOT a natural defense against gastrointestinal pathogen?
IgG antibodies
What is the most comm form of herpesvirus-induced eye infection?
Keratitis
Which if the following statements if false regarding latent viral infections?
Latent viruses progressively build slowly overtime
This acute infectious agent is and RNA, paramyxovirus by respiratory droplets and is a leading cause of vaccine preventable morbidity and mortality worldwide.
Measles (Rubeola)
What is the histological response to infection that is typical of viruses, intracellular bacteria, spirochete, intracellular parasites and helminthes?
Mononuclear and granulomatous inflammation
In the gut, cysts convert to______ and attach to sugar on the intestinal epithelia
Motile trophozoites
Virulence gene are frequently clustered together in the microbe genome. What are these called?
Pathogenicity island
Most bacteria are bounded by a cell wall consisting of?
Peptidoglycan.
What are the filamentous bacterial surface proteins that mediate adhesion and are used by N.gonorrhea to escape immune clearance?
Pili
Which of the following is an example of the virus mechanism involved in killing or damaging cells by direct cytopathic effects?
Poliovirus blocks synthesis of host protein by inactivating cap-binding protein
Infectious agents belong to a wide range of classes and vary greatly in size. Arrange the following in order from smallest to largest
Prions, viruses, bacteria, fungi
The JC virus can opportunistically infect and individual and indice and disease called?
Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy
In large population, virulence factor expression may be coordinated by the secretion peptides that turn on specific genes in the population. What is the process called?
Quorum sensing
Cholera toxin acts on the epithelial cells of the ____, causing massive secretion of chloride, sodium and water into the intestinal lumen.
Small intestine
Facultative intracellular bacteria?
Survive and replicate either outside or inside host cell
Depletion of the micro biome or change on its composition has been implicated in?
The development of allergies and Inflammatory bowel syndrome
The growth of microorganisms on the skin is usually inhibited by?
The presence of fatty acids
Bacterias do not synthesize their own DNA, RNA and Protein
They depend on the host
Varicella-zoster and measles viruses enter____ and cause _____.
Through the respiratory system; rashes in the skin.
Viruses are obligate intracellular paracites that depends on the host cell's metabolic machinery for their replication
True
Which microbe has a granolumatous response that can cause secondary tissue damage and fibrosis?
Tuberculosis (TB)
Which viruses spread through nerves?
Varicella-zoster virus and Rabies
