Clinical Psych Final

Why are fewer and fewer clinical and counseling psychologists working in private practice? List at least three reasons.

-It is difficult to make a living in private practice -paperwork time can be extensive -insurance companies give very low reimbursement rates -loneliness, or lack of coworker support

According to Carl Rogers, the therapist's _____ determine(s) the success of therapy.

attitude toward the client

The cognitive thought distortion defined as expecting the worst in the future when it is actually unlikely to occur is _____.

catastrophizing

According to "Overcoming Depression: A Cognitive Therapy Approach," questioning the evidence is a technique used to:

challenge maladaptive cognitive patterns

In short, the _____ of a form of therapy is how well it works "in the lab," where it is practiced according to manualized methods.

efficacy

According to psychodynamic theory, the _____ is the part of the mind that generates defense mechanisms.

ego

Compared to psychodynamic psychotherapy, cognitive psychotherapy tends to

focus on the client's current problems.

When a patient is asked to engage in _____, the patient's task is to verbalize any thought that comes to mind, no matter how nonsensical, inappropriate, illogical, or unimportant it may seem.

free association

What are three elements of the mental status examination?

· Appearance · Behavior · Affect/mood · Orientation · Memory

List three techniques (discussed in your textbook) that you see the interviewer using in the video.

· Open ended questions · Closed questions · Directive style · Clarification · paraphrasing

List at least two psychodynamic techniques you see Dr. Levenson using?

·Blank Screen ·Transference interpretation ·Free association

Whereas a _____ echoes the client's words, a _____ echoes the client's emotions.

paraphrase, reflection of feeling

According to "Overcoming Depression: A Cognitive Therapy Approach," thought stopping is used to:

stop depressing thoughts that can have a snowball effect.

According to CPT, thoughts related to traumatic events, that keep people from the people, places, and activities they used to enjoy are called:

stuck points

_____ are considered leaders in the cognitive therapy movement.

Aaron Beck and Albert Ellis

All of the following are ways in which psychologists relate to research, EXCEPT:

As judges

_____ is a specific application of classical conditioning that targets patients' social anxieties; it may help a patient insist on appropriate service at a restaurant or ask someone out on a date.

Assertiveness training

Which of the following behavioral psychotherapy techniques is primarily based on operant conditioning?

Contingency management

_____, according to psychodynamic psychotherapists, is the therapist's unconscious tendency to interact with clients as if the client is very similar to an individual from the therapist's own personal history.

Countertransference

In the United States, what is the most up-to-date, prevailing diagnostic guide for mental health professionals?

Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 5th Edition

Which of the following is NOT one of the "Big Five" personality traits measured by the NEO Personality Inventory?

Eclecticism

_____ is a short-term humanistic therapy that emphasizes the expression, acknowledgement, and healing power of emotions in the present moment.

Emotionally focused therapy

T/F There are consequences to professionals who do not follow EBP standards.

False

True or False, in this video, the psychologist is strictly standardized in his assessment. He does not make accommodations or provide alterations to tasks to make things simpler for the client.

False

Prior to his session with Gloria, Dr. Rogers explains that, with the necessary therapeutic environment, he expects Gloria to make all of the following movement, EXCEPT:

From repression to insight

Josephine is an undergraduate student who wants to increase her odds of getting into a clinical psychology graduate program. Based on recommendations provided in the textbook, which of the following is the best advice you could provide to Josephine?

Get to know your professors. Build a positive, professional relationship with them so they can write meaningful, persuasive letters of recommendation for you.

Evidence-based Practice (EBP) includes all of the following, EXCEPT:

Legal standards

_____ authorizes a psychologist to practice independently.

Licensure

Which of the following is an example of an objective personality test?

Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory

Psychologists are becoming more demographically diverse, however, prior to 1980 most health service psychologists (i.e., psychologists in clinical practice were) of what race and gender?

Most of them were White/Caucasian and Male.

_____, developed by William Miller, is a contemporary application of the principles of humanism.

Motivational interviewing

Which of the following lists Freud's psychosexual stages in the correct order?

Oral, Anal, Phallic, Latency, Genital

In the Token Economies video we see that students receive:

Praise in addition to a token each time they engage in a target behavior.

All of the following are true statements about the differences between PsyD programs and PhD programs, EXCEPT:

PsyD programs offer significantly more funding to students than do PhD programs.

Diane has been accepted into a clinical psychology graduate program that adheres to the Vail Model of training. Upon graduation from the program, Diane is most likely to earn a _____ and work in a _____.

PsyD, clinical setting

All of the following are ways in a which a psychologist differs from a psychiatrist, EXCEPT:

Psychiatrists have a professional/doctorate degree and psychologists do not.

Loraine is a clinical psychology graduate student conducting her first clinical interview with a client. While her client describes reasons for seeking treatment, Loraine finds herself distracted by internal thoughts such as, "What questions should I ask next?" and "When is the project due for my linear regression class?" In this instance, Loraine has the opportunity to improve which general skill of clinical interviewing?

Quieting yourself

_____ is how an interviewer is with clients, while _____ is what an interviewer does with clients.

Rapport, technique

_____ is typically present in systematic desensitization but typically absent from exposure therapy.

Relaxation training

The author's survey suggests graduate training programs in psychology are doing best covering which of the three legs in the three-legged EBP stool?

Research evidence

_____ significance in an efficacy or effectiveness study refers to a numerically significant difference between two groups. It is measured quantitatively.

Statistical

Which of the following behavior therapy techniques is primarily based on classical conditioning?

Systematic desensitization

T/F EBP is a set of best practices or standards used to determine most effective treatment for a given client with a given disorder.

True

When a psychodynamic therapy patient does not immediately accept his analyst's interpretation, the analyst may need to repeat the interpretation across multiple sessions before it is fully accepted. This process is known as _____.

Working through

The Boulder model of training is characterized by

a joint emphasis on practice and research.

Which of the following is a cognitive domain evaluated in a dementia screen?

a. Attention b. Language c. Memory d. All of the above Answer: d

List two benefits of the TAT:

a. Can be helpful in building rapport b. Can provide information into the subjective experience of the client's inner world c. Can create fodder for therapy

List two criticisms of the TAT:

a. Validity concerns b. Subjective - each psychologist might interpret results differently c. Can be time consuming

The goal of _____ is to increase the frequency of behaviors that are positively reinforcing to the client.

behavioral activation

In a(n) _____ design, participants in different conditions receive entirely different treatments.

between-group

Positive working relationships with clients

can be developed using attentive listening, appropriate empathy, and genuine respect.

Michael's career goal is to become a clinical psychologist who researches the treatment effectiveness of new psychotherapy interventions for bipolar I disorder. He envisions his work setting in academia or at a national research institute. When selecting clinical psychology graduate programs to which he will apply, Michael should focus on programs that adhere to the _____ model of training.

clinical scientist

A growing emphasis in clinical psychology graduate training is specific _____, or outcome-based skills that a student must be able to demonstrate in areas such as assessment, research, and ethics.

competencies

Based on discussion in the textbook, a good definition for clinical psychology should

contain reference to the science, theory, and practice of this broad field.

_____ variables are those variables in an experiment that are expected to change as a result of changes in the variable manipulated by the researcher.

dependent

Dr. Murphy, a clinical neuropsychologist, is conducting a clinical interview in which the primary purpose is to assign a label from the current DSM to the patient. In other words, Dr. Murphy is conducting a _____.

diagnostic interview

Empirical examinations of humanistic therapy

discovered that its main elements—empathy, positive regard, and genuineness—play an important role in therapy success.

John is an undergraduate psychology major. He wishes to become a clinical psychologist. In order to reach this goal, John must

earn a doctoral degree in clinical psychology.

According to the humanistic approach, there are three essential therapeutic conditions that characterize successful therapist-client relationships. _____ is among these three essential therapeutic conditions.

empathy

For the treatment of obsessive-compulsive disorder, _____ is a form of therapy that has received substantial empirical support.

exposure and response prevention

List two advantages to working in clinical psychology practice:

fulfillment, challenge, diverse work opportunities, high need/job opportunities

Spearman created the concept of _____, an individual's general intelligence or global, overall intellectual ability.

g

According to the cognitive approach to psychotherapy, psychological problems arise from

illogical thoughts or interpretations of events in our lives.

two disadvantages to working in clinical psychology practice:

large amounts of paperwork which is time consuming and the job is mentally demanding and can take a toll (e.g., burnout).

The type of clinical interview that is most often conducted in medical settings for the primary purpose of quickly assessing a client's current level of functioning is the _____.

mental status exam

Reading a single review of a movie can be informative, but reading a synthesis of many reviews of the same movie can be much more informative about the effect the movie had across many individuals. This notion is analogous to the research strategy known as _____.

meta-analysis

The practice of using a collection of different assessment instruments (e.g., interview data, direct observation, etc.) to examine an individual's personality is known as _____.

multimethod assessment

Dr. Young, a clinical psychologist, is conducting an assessment of a client who experienced a head injury in a car accident. She uses the Halstead-Reitan battery to determine impairment of the functioning of specific components or structures of the brain. Dr. Young is conducting _____ testing.

neuropsychological

The main goal of behavior therapy is

observable behavior change.

A behavior therapist is most likely to judge the success of treatment via changes in the patient's

observable behaviors.

Josefina, a psychotherapy client, is depressed about a recent breakup with her boyfriend. She believes that the breakup is entirely her fault, and that if she had done things differently, she would not be alone now. This belief best exemplifies the cognitive thought distortion known as _____.

personalization

In the Big Bang Theory video clip, Sheldon uses chocolate as a ___________________ to affect change in Penny's behavior.

positive reinforcer

The DSM is primarily authored by _____.

psychiatrists

Elise's psychologist asks her to keep a record of beliefs that she has about events that happen her, as well as how those beliefs make her feel emotionally. With the assistance of her psychologist, Elise learns how she can dispute such beliefs and replace them with more effective new beliefs. Elise's psychologist is likely treating her with _____.

rational emotive behavior therapy

An individual's _____ is how the person actually is at present; the _____ is what a person could be if he or she fulfilled his or her potential.

real self, ideal self

Gloria clearly wants a direct answer from Dr. Rogers regarding whether or not she should inform her daughter that she lied to her. Rather than provide her with a direct answer, Dr. Rogers uses what technique?

reflection

Ron is a psychotherapy client who senses that certain unconscious material will soon be exposed. This makes him anxious, so he abruptly changes the subject and then misses his next appointment. Ron's psychodynamic psychotherapist is likely to understand Ron's actions as _____.

resistance

Humanistic psychotherapists believe that individuals are born with a tendency toward healthy growth. The term that best describes this tendency is _____.

self-actualization

A good example of Gloria's movement from remoteness of emotional experience to immediacy of emotional experience in her session with Dr. Rogers is when she ____________.

sheds a tear

Honore receives psychological testing. Although her intelligence falls in the low average range, a discrepancy is still identified between her achievement and intelligence test scores (such that achievement falls significantly below expectations based on intelligence). This discrepancy will likely be the basis for a diagnosis of _____.

specific learning disorder

The cognitive triad of depression is a theory that people who are depressed have negative views of all of the following, EXCEPT:

the past

In _____, the therapist's primary task is to identify the "script" that the client appears to be unknowingly following, which is likely to be based on previous important relationships, and to refuse to enact that script in the therapeutic relationship.

time-limited dynamic therapy

The primary goal of psychodynamic psychotherapy is

to make the unconscious conscious.