CLP 1006 quiz ch 1-8 combined
Irrational beliefs can be modified using cognitive restructuring techniques behavior modification electroconvulsive therapy aversive conditioning
A
The ten year rule refers to the fact that To achieve true mastery in a discipline you have to put in your 10,000 hours, which ends up taking about ten years. It takes your brain that long to assimilate all that it needs to learn in order to achieve true mastery. Most geniuses begin to demonstrate their talent at about age ten. a. & b.
A & B after ten years in any field you are considered an expert after ten years of doing an activity (eg: driving) it because muscle memory. you dont consciously think about it when you do it
An internal locus of control is basically the same as reactivity proactivity hyperactivity hypoactivity
INTERNAL = PROACTIVE B
Approximately_______ of what we worry about never happens? 20% 50% 80% 90%
80.
Which of the following is true about defensive pessimism? Defensive pessimists are not dispositional pessimists and may be optimists in other situations. Defensive pessimists are less anxious than optimists. Defensive pessimists have an aversion to planning. Defensive pessimists have an external locus of control.
A. defensive pessimism, a strategy that anticipates a negative outcome and then takes steps to avoid that outcome. Norem (2001) alled this the power of negative thinking. She demonstated that defensive pessimists were as successful as strategic optimists provided their usual strategies were not disrupted. Performance can suffer for the defensive pessimist if he/she doesn't have the time to worry or over prepare to counteract their negative thoughts.
Being optimistic allows you to be more proactive confident resistant to stress All of the above
ALL
Your expectations, preconceived notions and beliefs influence how you perceive any event in your life your paradigms about the world selective perception all of the above
ALL.
Successful effective people minimize time spent in ________activities, saving that for mini breaks because whether urgent or not, they are not important tasks. QI QIII QIV b. & c.
B & C
The "malevolent attitude" as described by Harry Stack Sullivan refers to becoming evil towards other people the belief that you are surrounded by enemies the belief that you don't deserve to be treated well b. & c.
B & C Malevolent attitude is the term for abused kids. they dont believe they deserve love and think they deserve to be treated poorly. leads to conduct problems.
MCII (Mental Contrasting with Implementation Intentions) involves... roman numerals visualization and implementation plans indulging and dwelling b & c
B & C Mental contrasting with implementation intentions is a method to change negative thoughts and emotions. The key is to visualize something, dwell on the ideas, then implement your plan
To facilitate decision-making on important matters, it is recommended that you make snap judgments compare each option with your goals before comparing the options to each other consider how much time you have think long and hard before making the decision
Compare each option with your goals before comparing the options to each other
Which of the following is NOT one of the recommended strategies for successful time management? Develop and use timetables. Focus on one thing at a time. Do high priority items last so you can really focus fully on them. Do it when you think of it.
Do high priority items last so you can really focus fully on them. you should do high priority things FIRST! Doing one thing at a time, making a time table and doing things when you remember are all good time management strategies.
Which of the following statements is true? Effectiveness is primarily about efficiency. Making "Things to Do" lists is a waste of time. Essential activities and central concerns should comprise your high priority tasks. Tasks that other people think are important should always be designated as your high priority items.
Essential activities and central concerns should comprise your high priority tasks.
Which statement is true about testwiseness? You can go into a test without studying and still do well. It can enhance your performance, but it is no substitute for studying. It is superior to the SQ3R as a study method. It can only help you if you already have a high IQ.
It can enhance your performance, but it is no substitute for studying. you have to be test wise AND study to succeed. you dont need to have a high IQ to study and be test savvy
Which of the following is not true about representational systems? There are five—one for each sense. Each individual has one that tends to be dominant. We use these systems to encode information. It is impossible to bridge from one sensory system to another.
It is impossible to bridge from one sensory system to another.
The Pillars of Positive Psychology do not include: the study of positive institutions the study of positive thinking the study of positive emotions the study of character, of positive traits or signature strengths
NOT INCLUDED IS study of positive thinking.
An optimist has an explanatory style that views bad events as external, variable and specific internal, stable and global external, stable and global internal, stable and specific
Optimists view bad events as "external, variable and specific" but persimists view bad events as "internal, stable and global" A.
The second step in cognitive restructuring is to identify the irrational belief that is underlying your reaction substitute a rational belief for an irrational one challenge the irrational belief practice relaxation
Step 1 identify the irrational belief step 2 challenge the irrational belief step 3 substitute the irrational belief for a new, rational belief
Which of the following statements is false? 75 - 90 % of all visits to doctor's offices are for stress related disorders. Many heart attacks occur on Monday mornings. The rising incidence of divorce is not linked to stress. Most industrial accidents are stress related.
The rising incidence of divorce is not linked to stress. Divorce IS associated with high stress
The road to __________ involves specific stages from awareness, to commitment, to behavior change. wellness purgatory stress mastery exercise
WELLNESS
Dr. Dean Ornish's world renowned program for prevention of recurrent heart attacks includes meditation physical exercise a low fat diet all of the above
all of the above
Positive emotions help us achieve effectiveness serve an evolutionary purpose are related to longevity all of the above
all of the above
Which of the following is strongly associated with effectiveness? optimism the ability to delay gratification proactivity all of the above
all of the above
Which of the following is characteristic of the authoritarian style of parenting? very loving and nurturing, but overprotective of the child ignoring the child a restrictive, punitive style focusing on following rules concientious concern for the child's emotional well-being
a restrictive, punitive style focusing on following rules AUTHORITARIAN = BAD AUTHORITATIVE = GOOD Authoritative parents are accepting, loving, and very involved in their children's activities. They set strict but not harsh rules and controls for the child. but Authoritarian parents focus on rules, and punishment. Authoritarian parents often produce children with low self-esteem.
The "do good, feel good" effect refers to altruistic acts the state of flow eudaimonia temporary states
altruistic acts
"I should never make a mistake," is an example of a helpful should an ideal to strive for an irrational belief unconditional positive regard
an irrational belief
Your mind and body function separately are profoundly interconnected are profoundly disconnected work in opposition
are profoundly interconnected
Most heart attacks occur during sex around 9:00 a.m. on Monday mornings during arguments one week after a very stressful event
around 9:00 a.m. on Monday mornings
The stress hardiness attitude of commitment involves following through with everything you start. staying in your relationship because you agreed to do so being committed to a mental institution believing that what you do is of value and importance.
believing that what you do is of value and importance.
Expanded neuronal connections in the brain lead to __________due to the ability of the brain to modify its internal structure based on new experience, which is referred to as __________. neuroplasticity; brain reserve hippocampus; neuronal connections brain reserve; neuroplasticity neuroplasticity; paradigm shifts
brain reserve, neuroplasticity.
Our beliefs can have a powerful effect on our health and bodies can only influence our health in negative ways are independent from our state of health are irrational
can have a powerful effect on our health and bodies
Aerobic exercise conditions your cardiovascular system bowels mind-body connection circadian rhythms
cardiovascular system
An inferiority complex refers to an individual with unrealistically high self-esteem a real self = ideal self high self-worth chronically low self-esteem
chronically low self-esteem
Which of the following is not one of the core virtues endorsed by the Positive Psychology panel? courage conformity love and humanity spirituality and transcendence
conformity
Studies have shown that laughter increases cortisol levels because of the tensing of the facial muscles decreases cortisol levels and improves the functioning of the immune system has no effect on cortisol levels or immune functioning has little, if any, relation to stress mastery
decreases cortisol levels and improves the functioning of the immune system
If what you are doing is not working, you are advised by your textbook to do something different try harder give up find someone to handle it for you
do something different
Memory of the past is affected by how long an experience lasted, which is referred to as duration neglect peak end theory savoring mindfulness
duration neglect
If you desire to make sure that your goals reflect what you really want, it would be useful to brainstorm go on a psychedelic journey examine the goal of your goals wishstorm
examine the goal of your goals
Mistakes are always bad feedback things you regret things to overcome
feedback.
Taylor's research on gender difference in stress responses suggests that the "tend and befriend" stress response in women is likely due to differences in brain structure between the sexes the absence of dominance issues relating to penis size in women female hormones like oxytocin differences in how men and women are socialized
female hormones like oxytocin
Which of the following is NOT recommended by experts for boosting your level of happiness? focus just on taking care of yourself and not on others fake it till you make it engage in regular exercise build up your social support network
focus just on taking care of yourself and not on others
In order to organize and understand our world we need frames of reference paper clips scrapbooks and labels calendars
frames of reference (schemas)
Peterson defines four routes to happiness, which are as follows: spirituality; altruism; eudaimonia; and engagement work; play; love; and spirituality hedonism; eudaimonia; engagement; and victory hedonism; gratifications; spirituality, and eudaimonia
hedonism; eudaimonia; engagement; and victory
Be wary of the tendency to confuse __________ with relaxation. playing a video game inactivity flatulence singing
inactivity
Jay wants to be a lawyer because he thinks that is a path to earning a high salary. But Jay does not like school and he hates studying. His goals are to get out of school as fast as possible, limit studying and get a job in the "real world." This is an example of Selected Answer: incompatible goals Answers: an impersonal mission statement incompatible goals no goal of the goal inadequate visualization
incompatible goals
Which of the following is NOT a recommended strategy for enhancing optimism? repeat positive affirmations to yourself challenge negative thoughts generate other alternative realistically assess implications
just repeating positive thoughts to yourself is not a guarantee of success or happiness. Rather, it is how you deal with your negative thoughts that determines whether optimism or pessimism will rule. A
If you want to facilitate creative problem solving in yourself or in others, research suggests which of the following will be most helpful? laughter caffeine patience creativity
laughter
PNI research has demonstrated that your immune system is capable of learning by modeling learning by classical conditioning transforming a. & b.
learned by classical conditioning
When retroactive interference occurs memory is impaired by lack of sleep memory is impaired by old age old learning interferes with new learning new learning interferes with old learning
new learning interferes with old learning if you learn something that contradicts something you thought you knew. eg: when i was little i thought god made rainbows, then you learned it was light refraction
Visualization is useful for promoting behavior change due to what type of learning? operant conditioning classical conditioning observational learning or modeling trial and error learning
observational learning or modeling
Strict deterministic theorists believe that all our actions and decisions are the product of outside determining variables over which we have no control our own free will unseen and unknown forces all of the above
outside determining variables over which we have no control
According to Thomas Kuhn, all major scientific discoveries are preceded by a reframe paradigm shift pre-conceived notion revolution
paradigm shift
Seligman divides positive emotions into three temporal categories including conscious, subconscious and unconscious beginning, middle and ending past, present and future repressed, suppressed and remembered
past, present and future
According to your text, high levels of self-efficacy can best be described as a perception of perceived competence a measure of self-esteem an external locus of control a measure of happiness
perception of perceived competence
Some children raised in highly dysfunctional homes manage to develop high self-esteem despite difficult circumstances. These children could be described as lucky oblivious resilient thick skinned
resilient
The low incidence of cardiovascular disease among the inhabitants of the small town of Roseta, Pennsylvania, a village filled with the descendants of Italian immigrants, has been linked to healthy diet high levels of physical fitness social support genetic factors
social support In this tight-knit community, being close with others in the community lead to decreased risk of cardiovascular disease
When __________ sets in, it is possible to respond to stress as you would to an allergen. stress sensitization the fight/flight reaction the General Adaptation Syndrome eustress
stress sensitization
Which of the following is not recommended for boosting your happiness? keep a gratitude journal strive for perfection cultivate family and friendships discover your flow
strive for perfection
Riches and beauty do not lead to happiness in the long run because of the hedonic treadmill downward trends in the stock market the inevitability of death and taxes selective perception
the hedonic treadmill
The success of observational learning, even when done through a visualization process, can be partially explained by the synchronicity effect morphic resonance the presence of mirror neurons in the brain the power of goal setting on motivation
the presence of mirror neurons in the brain
Cognitive distortions refer to our tendency to deny our feelings. to see ourselves through the eyes of our parents. to look for verification to support our existing opinion of ourselves. to be unhappy with the way we look
to look for verification to support our existing opinion of ourselves.
All of the following are effective stress reducers except Hatha yoga watching TV intuitive stretching aerobic exercise
watching TV
The landmark marshmallow study provided strong evidence indicating that children who were able to defer gratification grew up to have boring lives were far more effective and successful as adults were less likely to eat sweets later on had problems with procrastination as adults
were far more effective and successful as adults remember the ability to defer gratification increases overall life satisfaction
