Cm test 3
King Stud
- A common stud that is located on the edge of a wall opening, usually a door or window.
Hip Rafter
- Creates the hip of a roof line and runs from the wall top plats to the ridge beam at a diagonal to each
Floor Blocking
- Generally full depth material (as the joist system) and is used to prevent the joists from rolling or twisting as they dry over time. Add structural stiffness to the floor
Spot or Column Footing -
- Isolated footings poured to distribute the point load of a column evenly into the soil.
Detailed sections
- Sections, also known as details, provided to clarify small areas such as the intersection of the floor system to a wall.
Indirect Costs
- These are administrative costs associated with managing the project temporarily located at the jobsite and other related project costs (permits and fees, insurance, environmental assessments, financing, architectural/engineering, legal...) that are not incorporated into the completed structure of a project.
Live Load -
- are moving loads of short duration, making them temporary on the structure, but include considerations such as impact, momentum, vibration and fatigue.
Driven Piles
- installed using heavy equipment with the ability to drive the material into the ground via impact or vibration (analogous to a pole).
CSI Uni-Format
- uses functional building elements that are easy to identify and quantify as a basis for organizing a project estimate. Function elements include floors, walls, ceilings, roofs. (AKA - assemblies or assembly estimating)
Sheeting Blocking
2x or 3x material that is between studs for the purpose of continuous edge nailing of roof sheeting (plywood).
Ply blocks
2x or 3x material that is between studs for the purpose of continuous edge nailing of wall sheeting (plywood).
Grade beam
A beam placed under or at the soil level and spans between stable supports, either foundation pilings or piers.
Revision Cloud
A cloudlike circle placed around the area on a drawing that is changed. Also noted with the delta symbol (Δ). The term delta refers to a triangle symbol placed on the drawing for reference and a number in the delta indicated the revision number.
Ledger
A component used to provide support for the floor joists and subfloor when they intersect the concrete.
Eave blocking -
A full depth spacer block, also known as bird blocking, placed between the rafters or truss tails at the eave.
Isolation joint
A joint, also known as an expansion joint, used to separate a slab from an adjacent slab, wall, or column, or some other part of the structure.
Wall section
A partial section used to show one specific wall
Longitudinal section -
A section produced when the cutting plane is perpendicular to the long axis of the structure.
Full section
A section that cuts through the entire building
Partial section -
A section that does not go completely through the structure; used to show only a specific area of the structure.
Transverse section
A section, often referred to as a cross section, produced when the cutting plane is parallel to the short axis of the structure.
Elevation
A set of drawing, projected from the roof and floor plans, that shows the exterior shape, finishes, and vertical relationships on one side of a structure. Usually four elevations are provided.
Control joint -
A slab joint created by sawing the concrete within 6 to 8 hours of placement.
Construction joint
A slab joint used to provide a clean surface where work can be resumed.
Mansard
A steep- sloped roof used to cover portions of the upper level of a structure of to hide roof- mounted equipment.
Header
A structural member (beam) that spans a wall opening (door or window) and is used to transfer loads and forces around the opening.
Parapet
A structure, also known as a false wall, surrounding the perimeter of the roof that can be used for decoration or for protection of mechanical equipment.
Square
A term used to describe an area of roofing that covers 100 sq. ft.
Fascia
A trim board placed at the end of the rafters or truss tails and usually perpendicular to the building wall.
Piling
A type of foundation system that uses a column to support the loads of the structure.
Gambrel
A type of roof formed with two planes on each side. The lower pitch is steeper that the upper portion of the roof.
Gable
A type of roof with two sloping surfaces that intersect at the right of the structure.
Post -
A vertical structural member used to support girders.
Post
A vertical structural member used to support headers, hold downs, or tie downs
Bearing wall -
A wall that supports itself and the weight of the roof or other floors constructed above it.
Non-bearing walls
A wall, also known as a partition, that serve no structural purpose.
Rafter
Also called a common rafter, spans from the walls top plates to the ridge beam, perpendicular to the plates and ridge
Anchor bolt -
An L-shaped bolt used to connect lumber to the concrete.
Girder
Another name for a beam, and is used to support the floor joists as they span across the foundation.
Glu-lam beams -
Beams made of sawn lumber that is glued together under pressure to form a beam stronger than its sawn lumber counterpart.
Oriented strand board (OSB)
Engineered material made from wood fibers arranged in a precisely controlled pattern and then compressed and cured under heat.
Sistered Joist
Face nailing two rafters together to form a "beam" at the edge of a roof opening exceed the standard rafter spacing.
Sistered Rafter
Face nailing two rafters together to form a "beam" at the edge of a roof opening exceed the standard rafter spacing.
"Common" Floor Joists
Horizontal structural members used to support the floor decking, usually span between the foundation and a girder; however, a joist may extend past its support.
Valley -
Intersections of gable surfaces to allow for drainage
Rim Joint
Is usually located on the exterior wall of a structure and is installed perpendicular to the common floor joist. Common joists are end nailed through the rim joist.
Parallel strand lumber (PSL)
Lumber laminated from veneer strips of fir and southern pine, which are coated with resin and then compressed and heated.
Laminated veneer lumber (LVL) -
Lumber made from ultrasonically graded Douglas fir veneers, which are laminated with all grains parallel to each other with exterior-grade adhesives under heat and pressure.
General Notes
Notes that apply to the overall drawing rather than to specific items within the plan
Specific Notes
Notes, also called local notes, that relate to specific features within the floor plan, such as the header size over a window opening.
Shear panel
Plywood, also known as a braced wall panel, used to resist the wall's tendency to twist or rack, which is caused by wind or seismic forces.
Jack Rafter
Runs from a hip or valley rafter to the wall top plates. These vary in length and run perpendicular to the top plates, diagonal to the hip or valley rafter and parallel to the common rafter.
Valley Rafter
Similar to the hip rafter, but creates the valley where two roof slopes meet. Also runs diagonal to the top plates and ridge beam.
Concrete Coverage
The amount of concrete placed around the steel.
Crawl space
The area formed between the floor system and the ground.
Footing
The base of the foundation system and is used to displace the building loads over the soil.
Soil Bearing Capacity
The bearing capacity of the soil determines the amount of weight a square foot of soil can support
Overhang
The horizontal measurement between the exterior face of the wall and the end of the rafter tail.
Foundation
The lowest structural element of a building that provide a base to distribute the weight (loads) and force loads of the structure onto the soil evenly.
Span -
The measurement between the inside edges of the supporting walls.
Ridge
The midpoint of two supporting walls.
Top plate
The plate located on top of the studs used to hold the wall together.
Mudsill -
The plate, also known as the base plate, that rests on the masonry foundation and provides a base for other wood members.
Sill or Sole Plate
The plate, also known as the bottom plate, used to help disperse the loads from the wall studs to the floor system.
Eave -
The portion of the roof that extends beyond the walls.
Pitch
The ratio between the horizontal run and the vertical rise of the roof
Stem wall -
The vertical wall that extends from the top of the footing to the first floor level of the structure.
Floor Sheeting
Used to cover the joists or beams on a floor. Is the basis for the walking surface.
Roof Sheeting
Used to cover the rafters on a roof and is the basis for the roofing material. Provides shear value and structural integrity to the structure.
Common Studs
Vertical framing members used to transfer loads from the top of the wall to the floor system
In Situ
a Latin phrase that literally translates to "in position".
Floor Plans
a drawing to scale, showing a view from above, of the relationships between rooms, spaces and other physical features at one level of a structure
Casing -
a large diameter pipe that is assembled and inserted into a recently drilled section of a pier. It can be left in, or removed, during the concrete operation
Pile Driver -
a machine used drive the material into the ground using a hammer or heavy weight placed in a guide powered by hydraulics, steam, or diesel engine.
Conflict of Interest
a situation in which a professional individual is in a position to derive personal benefit (gain) from actions or decisions made in their official (corporate) capacity
Trimmer Stud
a stud that supports the header of a wall opening, and is faced nailed directly to the king stud.
Cripple or Jack Stud
a stud that supports the sill of a wall opening, is faced nailed directly to the jack stud, and continue under the sill.
Falsework
a temporary structure built above grade to provide a working platform for the form, men, and materials when building elevated concrete structures.
Pile Cap
a thick concrete mat that is poured atop a pile(s) to distribute the load evenly onto the pile(s) and create a footing for the foundation of the structure.
Reflected Ceiling Plan
a view of the room as if looking from above, through the ceiling, at a mirror installed one foot below the ceiling level, which shows the reflected image of the ceiling above.
Cultural or Social Moral Code
acceptable behavior that is developed within a culture or social system
Corporate Social Responsibility
an outward look (ethics and compliance programs are internal operations) towards the impact a company has on the community in which the companies offices and projects are located
Shallow Foundations
are installed using conventional excavation equipment, forming systems, reinforcement and concrete where site and soil conditions allow access and proper soil bearing pressures
Suspended Slab -
are self-supported slabs.
Dead Load
are static loads that are constant over time. The include the weight of the structure, immovable fixtures (build in's), and roof loads.
Raised Floors
construction method that allows the flooring system to be installed above the plane of the surrounding earth using a footing / stem wall or pier / grade beam footing system.
Sections
depict the vertical relationships of the structural and architectural materials that are specified on the plans
Ethics
distinguishing between good and evil, right and wrong
Ethical Code
expected behavior that is developed within a culture or social system
Continuous Footing
generally found at the perimeter of simple structures foundation and are used to uniformly distribute the roof loads evenly into the soil.
Business Ethics
is applied ethics that examines ethical dilemmas that arise in a business environment
Individual Moral Code:
is sometimes referred to as a persons value system.
Morality
manner, proper. or standard of behavior. What is, or is not, acceptable.
Working Elevation
maybe be either interior or exterior; used by the design team to communicate building features and are used by the contractors to construct the project
Hold or Tie Downs -
pre-manufactured gauge metal load transference units. One end is over a bolt installed into the foundation, the other end is bolted to a post in the wall. This is to resist uplift forces
Drilled Piers
put in place using excavation and drilling techniques (analogous to a column).
Individual Ethical Code
the decisions you make, and the actions you take, in which your individual moral code is applied.
Framing Ratios -
the ratio of BF of lumber over the SF of sheeting. Generally, it takes approximately 2 BF to hold up 1 SF of sheeting. A ratio of 2 BF/SF is expected +/- .4 BF/SF. Range: 1.6 - 2.4 BF/SF
Presentation Elevation
used in the design process to provide project stakeholders and anticipated view of the finished product. Often referred to as renderings.
Business Code of Ethics
written document providing guidelines of expected employee behavior within an organization or profession.