CMA Chapter 6

Hypovitaminosis

A condition that results from a diet lacking in vitamins; also know as avitaminosis

Hypervitaminosis

A condition that results from taking large doses of vitamins over a period of time

Ion

A particle that carries an electrical charge

3 cups

A patient asks you how many servings of milk are required daily according to MyPlate. What response should you give?

Fatigue, weakness, dizziness

A patient taking iron complains of which three symptoms of an iron deficiency?

Electrolyte

A solution that carries an electrical charge

copper

An excess in ______ causes headache, dizziness, and gastrointestinal upset.

sodium

An excess in _______ results in hypernatremia, confusion, and fluid retention.

Trace minerals

Another name for microminerals is __________ __________.

Potassium

Both a deficiency and an excess of which mineral cause cardiac abnormalities?

Ephedra

Central nervous system stimulation; anorectic; bronchodilator; cardiac tissue stimulation

Organic

Compounds that contain carbon such as vitamins, carbohydrates, proteins and fats

Inorganic

Compounds that do not contain carbon, such as minerals and water

Hypovitaminosis

Condition resulting from a diet lacking in vitamins

RDA (Recommended daily allowance)

Daily level of intake for essential nutrients considered to be adequate to meet the nutritional needs of healthy individuals.

folic acid

Fat soluble _______ ________ deficiency causes anemia, fatigue, and sore tongue.

St. Johns Wart

Inhibits uptake of serotonin Uses: mild depression; infections

Minerals

Inorganic elements essential to the body

Minerals

Inorganic elements essential to the body; classified as macrominerals or microminerals

Whole milk, eggs, liver, vegetable oils, fish

List at least five food sources for fat soluble vitamins.

bilberry

Match each use to the correct herb: Improves circulation in the eye

ginkgo biloba

Match each use to the correct herb: Improves memory

ginseng

Match each use to the correct herb: Increases physical endurance

ginger

Match each use to the correct herb: Is an antiemetic

sodium

Match the function to the correct mineral: Control of fluid balance in the body

iodine

Match the function to the correct mineral: Development of thyroid gland

calcium

Match the function to the correct mineral: Formation of bones and teeth

iron

Match the function to the correct mineral: Formation of hemoglobin

Vitamin C

Match the function to the correct vitamin: Formation of collagen

Vitamin K

Match the function to the correct vitamin: Formation of prothrombin for blood clotting

Vitamin D

Match the function to the correct vitamin: Maintenance of healthy bones and teeth

Vitamin b1

Match the function to the correct vitamin: Nerve conduction

Macrominerals

Minerals needed with a daily requirement of 100 mg or more. They include calcium, sodium, potassium, magnesium, and phosphorus.

Microminerals

Minerals needed with a daily requirement of less than 100 mg; also known as trace minerals They include iron, iodine, zinc, and copper

USDA

MyPlate was developed by the ________ to assist in the buying and preparation of food.

Retinol(A),Cholecalciferol(D),Tocepherol(E),K

Name the fat soluble vitamins.

Thiamine(B1),Riboflavin(B2),Niacin(B6), Pyridoxine, Folic acid, Cobalamin(B12),Pantothenic acid, Biotin, Vitamin C

Name the water soluble vitamins.

Tylenol, Haldol, Cognex

Name three prescription drugs that interact with milk thistle.

Anions

Negatively charged ions

Vitamins

Organic substances essential for normal metabolism

Vitamins

Organic substances essential for normal metabolism; classified as fat soluble or water soluble.

Ion

Particle that carries an electrical charge

Cations

Positively charged ions

Milk thistle

Promotes growth of liver cells Uses: liver disorders

Homeostasis

State of fluid balance within the body

5000

The RDA for fat soluble vitamin A is ________ IU

150

The RDA for iodine is _______ mcg

2000

The RDA for potassium is ______ mEq

400

The RDA for water soluble folic acid is _____ mcg.

RDA

The level of intake for essential nutrients considered to be adequate to meet the nutritional needs of healthy individuals is called__________.

0.25

The physican orders phytonadione (vitamin K) 0.5 mg intramuscularly daily. Available is 2 mg/mL. You will administer _________mL to your patient.

0.52

The physician orders calcium carbonate (Caltrate) 650 mg orally daily. Available are 1250 mg tablets. Prepare to give ________ tablets to your patient.

0.3

The physician orders cyanocobalamin (vitamin B12) 30 mcg subcutaneously daily. Available is 100 mcg/mL. Prepare to administer _________ mL to your patient.

1

The physician orders ferrous sulfate (Feosol) 325 mg orally daily. Available are 325 mg tablets. You will give ________ tablets to your patient.

4

The physician orders potassium chloride (K-dur) 40 mEq orally bid. Available are 10 mEq tablets. You will give __________ tablets to your patient.

Vitamin D

Vitamin Cholecalciferol; maintains healthy bones and teeth

Vitamin A

Vitamin Retinol; maintains skin and mucous membranes; vision

Vitamin b1

Vitamin Thiamine; normal nerve conduction

Vitamin E

Vitamin Tocopherol; prevents oxidation of fatty acids

Vitamin b12

Vitamin cobalamin; builds genetic material, forms rbcs, prevents pernicious anemia

Biotin

Vitamin helps form fatty acids, metabolizes protein

Vitamin K

Vitamin helps form prothrombin for blood clotting

Vitamin C

Vitamin maintains healthy bones and teeth, forms collagen

Pantothenic acid

Vitamin metabolized proteins carbs and fats, helps form hormones

Vitamin b6

Vitamin pyridoxine; metabolizes proteins carbs and fats, helps form RBCs

Vitamin b2

Vitamin riboflavin; aids in growth, metabolizes protiens carbs and fats

Fat soluble vitamins

Vitamins that are soluble in fat. A,D,E, and K

Water soluble vitamins

Vitamins that are soluble in water; vitamin B complex and vitamin C

Green leafy vegetables, eggs, milk

Which of the following foods are rich in tocopherol (vitamin E)?

Pokeroot

Which of the following unsafe herbs is fatal to children?

Cats claw

______ ______ is taken for cancer, infection, hypertension and gastrointestinal disorders.

Aloe vera

_______ _________ is taken for minor burns and wound healing

Calamus

________ contains certain carcinogenic agents.

Cranberry

anti-infective Uses: prophylaxis only

Chamomile

anti-inflammatory; antispasmodic Uses: inflammatory gastrointestinal disorders, respiratory and skin disorders

Garlic

lowers lipid levels Uses: elevated cholesterol level; infections; diabetes mellitus;hypertension

Valerian

minor tranquilizer Uses: anxiety; sleep disorders; (natures valium)

Echinacea

stimulates immune system Uses: common cold; upper respiratory infections