CNA- Module 4

RACE

R- rescue people in immediate danger A- sound nearest fire alarm & call operator C- confine by closing doors/windows & turn off oxygen/electrical items E- extinguish

When do you raise bed rails?

when said by the care plan

What is your role as a CNA in emergency situations?

-be prepared- know codes, plans, and location of exits, extinguisher -be calm, assistance, move to safety, remain w res.,

What do you do when a person is falling?

- do not prevent the fall -instead ease them to the floor and protect their head -person is not allowed to move/get up before the nurse checks for injuries

Every ____ hours you remove/release the restraints for at least ___ minutes

1) 2 hours 2) 10 minutes

What percentage of resident accidents are falls?

70%

What is a belt, vest/jacket, and wrist/mitt device?

Belt- waist secured to bed/chair -cant get out of bed/chair -bed rails= used Vest/Jacket- applied to chest -V neck/ vest crosses in front Wrist- limits arm movement (able to slide 1 finger) Mitt-hands are placed

The purpose behind belt, jacket/vest, and wrist/mitt restraints

Belt/vest- prevent injuries from falls or positioning in medical treatment -must be able to slide 4 fingers/hand Wrists- prevent from pt pulling out tubes and scratching or peeling skin Mitts- prevent finger use however allow hand, wrist, and arm movement

What is the universal sign of choking?

Clutching the throat.

What are examples of emergency codes?

Code Blue- SCA Code Red= fire Disaster code- disaster level

True or False: A person is choking on an egg, you immediately start CPR

False- You state abdominal thrusts or Heimlich Maneuver

True or False: for obese and pregnant persons you do abdominal thrusts

False. You do chest thrusts in the middle of the sternum

True or False: When using a restraint you use the most restrictive one

False. You want to use the less restrictive as it allows for greatest amount of movement and access to body parts

Superficial burn

First-degree burn that damages the first layer of skin; becomes red and feels very painful with mild swelling

PASS

P- pull safety pin A- aim hose at the base of fire S-squeeze top handle S- sweep back and forth

What's a bed rail?

a guard/barrier alongside of bed

What are disaster plans?

a plan that describes how to deal with people needing treatment and evacuation procedures

Common causes for suffocating?

choking, drowning, inhaling gas, strangling, and electric shock

What are 3 major causes of fires?

faulty equipment, overload electricity, and smoking

What can frayed/overloaded cord cause?

fire, burns, electric shock

FBAO

foreign body airway obstruction- air cannot pass through airways into lungs

Examples of PPE

goggles, safety glasses, gloves, apron, mask

paralysis

loss of muscle function, sensation, or both

MRN

medical record number

What settings is workplace violence common?

mental health units waiting/emergency rooms

Examples of workplace violence

murders, assault, rape, theft, kidnap

What are some hazards of bed rails?

risk of entrapment- person is caught, trapped, entangled, or strangled

Partial thickness burn

second degree burn that damages the epidermis and dermis of the skin; becomes deep red, painful, blisters, glossy from leaking fluid

full thickness burn

third degree burn that damages all skin layers, fat, muscle, and bone. It is not painful as nerve endings are destroyed. The skin is charred/white with brown/back patches

What's a transfer/gait belt?

transfer- help person transfer, gait= help person walk

What do you record when putting restraints on a resident?

type of restraint body parts restrained reason time applied & removed v/s skin color/condition

Why do you release restraints?

To allow person to: -reposition -do ROM exercises -eat a meal -practice hygiene

Where do you place the transfer belt on bariatric pts?

-under belly -over belly & under breasts -under armpits

Provide facts about CO

-a deadly odorless, colorless, and tasteless gas -red blood cells pick it up 10x faster than O2

How do you handle a transfer belt? (placement)

-around the waist -grasp from underneath U U -excess strap is tucked into belt -buckle/seam/teeth= in front -2 fingers able to slide through

What are ways you can prevent using restraints?

-finding alternatives (padded hip protection, floor cushions, and rollguards) -knowing/treating cause of distress

What are some measures to take to prevent falls?

-fluids=met =assist with elimination needs -eyeglasses/hearing aids are worn -chairs have armrests -phone, lamp, personal belongings, call light are within reach

What do you do when a bariatric pt is falling?

-move items out of the way and protect their head

List some safety measures for fires

-no smoking signs -combustible/smoking material/wool= removed -no open flames

What is the history of restraints?

-used to prevent falls- now causes -seen as necessary devices to protect person- can cause harm/death

What are some accident risk factors?

1) Age (elder/child) 2) Awareness of Surroundings- coma, confusion, disorientation 3) Agitated/Aggressive Behaviors- bc of pain, confusion, fear 4) Vision and hearing loss 5) Impaired smell & touch- not detect smoke/gas, decrease pain sensitivity, heat and cold 6) Impaired mobility 7) Drugs- drowsiness, lack of concentration & coordination

What are the 2 types of restraints and purpose?

1) Physical- equipment is attached near body and can't be removed easily 2) Chemical- drugs which control behavior

What is a safe temperature for bathing?

100 F

Q ___ mins you check the resident

15

What is the purpose of 2 prongs? 3rd prongs

2 prongs= carry electrical current 3rd prong aka ground- carries electricity away from item to the ground (earth)

True or False: OSHA recommends maximum manual lifting

false- goal is to minimize or eliminate

What is an electrical shock? What injuries can it cause?

An electrical current that passes through the body It can burn the skin, muscles, nerves, and tissues Can affect the heart and cause death

What assistive devices reduce the risk of falls?

Cane, walker, w/c for nonambulatory pts

Give examples of a health and physical hazard

Health- acute/chronic illnesses Physical- fires/explosions

MSDS

Material Safety Data Sheet contains information on the possible health effects of exposure to chemicals

MSD

Musculoskeletal disorder

Can you use restraints for your own convenience or to discipline the resident?

No

A bariatric pt is falling, do you bring their body close to yours?

No, it can lead to you obtaining injuries

severe airway obstruction

Occurs when a foreign body completely obstructs the patient's airway. Patients cannot breathe, talk, or cough. The patient appears pale and cyanotic

mild airway obstruction is...? What method typically helps people experience this obstruction?

Occurs when a foreign body partially obstructs the patient's airway (some air enters) Person is conscious and can speak Usually a forceful cough helps

True or False: A mechanical lift is preferred over a manual lift

True

True or False: When applying restraints, informed consent is required

True. Person must understand the reason, how it helps with treatment, and informed of risks

elopement

When a person leaves the agency without staff knowledge

What is the leading cause of death in children and elders?

burns

COC

change of condition

Provide examples of poisons

drugs/vitamins, household and personal care products, bug spray, Pb (lead), CO (carbon monoxide)

What is the most common reason people choke?

eating large chewed piece of meat laughing while eating

What are bony prominences?

elbow, toe, knuckles, hips, tailbone, and spine

Q

every

What do you do to prevent equipment accidents?

inspect before using check for chips, cracks

how can poisoning occur

intentional- person takes a substance to harm themselves (suicide, assault, or homicide) unintentional- person takes substance with no intention for harm (accidentally overdosing)

hemiplegia

paralysis of one side of the body

What is an enabler? Provide examples.

person can easily remove and helps person function more independently -laptop tray for meals/writing -bedrails to move person in bed/ prevent falling

Who are at risk for falls?

persons 65 years and older

What factors increase the risk for falls?

poor lighting, cluttered/slippery floors, weakness, walking/balance problems, loose shoes/clothes low BP= lightheaded, high BP= headache

What is the purpose of restraints?

protect the person, which limits body/limb movement

What is the Heimlich maneuver?

quick and upward thrusts above the naval that force air out of the lungs and create an artificial cough

What do the red, yellow, purple, and pink wristbands mean?

red- allergy alert yellow- fall risk purple- DNR pink-limb alert (arm/leg cannot be used for BP measure or blood draws)

What is needed for a fire?

spark/flame, combustible material, and O2

What are some types of burns?

steam/water burn, flames, chemical, thermal, or sunburn

If a resident isnt amb what technique can you use?

swing-carry technique - with co-worker have resident in sitting position, with their arm over your shoulder, while you reach persons back w one arm and under knees, grasping hands with co-worker

Where is the chair/bed alarm placed?

where resident cannot touch -attached to resident, 2ft away from the ear -check cord= comfortable but short enough to activate