Cnidaria

Give 3 reasons why Cnidaria and Ctenophora are different groups, Ctenophora:

- briadial symmetry - does not show alternation of generations - live exclusively in marine habitats

Give 3 reasons why Cnidaria and Ctenophora are different groups, cnidaria:

- radial symmetry - shows alternation of generation - live in both freshwater and marine habitats

What is a dioecious organism?

A dioecious organism produces either male or female reproductive organs and gametes but never both at the same time

What is a hermaphroditic organism?

A hermaphroditic organism has both male and female reproductive organs.

Describe the structure of a nematocyst.

It consists of a globular or egg shape capsule.

What is the name of the "skeleton" of a cnidarian and how does it work?

It is called a hydrostatic skeleton. They use water pressure to fill their bodies and muscles push off of it. The contractile fibers act against the fluid-filled gastrovascular cavity.

Describe the digestion that occurs in the hydra.

It is the digestion outside of the cell (breaking down of nutrients outside of the cell with enzymes, allows the other animal to eat the larger prey) enzymes break down the food from the stomach lining (gastrodermis/endoderm) break it down in the gastrovascular cavity.

Medusa v. Polyps, medusa's are... and sexual reproductive status

Medusas are motile and have sexual reproduction

Medusa v. Polyps, polyps are... and sexual reproductive status

Polyps are sessile and are asexual reproducers.

Describe the differences in food digestion methods of the Porifera and Cnidaria.

Sponges have multiple cell types that are geared toward executing various metabolic functions. Cnidarians have outer and inner tissue layers sandwiching a noncellular mesoglea. Cnidarians possess a well-formed digestive system and carry out extracellular digestion.

How are nutrients transported throughout the body of a hydra?

The water in which they live brings food and oxygen as it enters their bodies. The water carries waste materials and carbo dioxide as it moves out.

How do jellyfish and hydras catch their prey with their tentacles?

They have stinging cells, cnidocytes and nedmtocysts that they use.

Describe the symbiotic relationship between zooxanthellae and coral.

Zooxanthellae are in a mutualism relationship with coral. They provide glucose and allow for the accumulation of calcium carbonate for the coral to make their skeletons. The coral polyps provide the zooxanthellae with nitrogen and phosphorus that they need for the digestive process.

What is the gastrovascular cavity?

a cavity that is inside of the animal and is the site of extracellular digestion. It is located inside the gastrodermis (endoderm).

Are Cnidaria placed above or below Porifera on the phylogenetic tree? Why? A. Above. Cnidaria are the first true colonial organisms. B. Below. Porifera display more evidence of body systems than Cnidaria. C. Below. Porifera are more advanced due to their extracellular digestion. D. Above. Cnidaria can respond to stimuli by moving, and can eat larger pieces of food.

above, cnidaria can respond to stimuli by moving, and can eat larger pieces of food

Examples of Scyphozoa (2)

aurelia, and lion's mane

Ctenophores move with... A. the contracting and expanding of their tentacles B. sensory cells called rhobalia C. bands of cilia called comb rows D. their hydrostatic skeleton

bands of cilia called comb rows

Examples of Cubozoa (1)

box jelly

Members of the phylum ______________________ organization, a gastrovascular cavity, and cnidocytes. are characterized by radial (or biradial) symmetry, diploblastic... A. mesozoa B. ctenophores C. cnidaria D. porifera

cnidaria

Which of the following would NOT be found in the body of a cnidaria... A. ameboid cells B. colloblasts C. epidermal cells D. cnidocytes

colloblasts

Members of the phylum Ctenophora are commonly called A. jellyfish. B. comb jellies. C. man-O-War D. ephvrae

comb jellies

Examples of Anthozoa (2)

coral, and sea anemone

Cnidarians exchange respiratory gases and nitrogenous wastes by A. vacuoles. B. movement of cilia, C. active transport. D. diffusion.

diffusion

What is the cnidaria's method of gas exchange? Explain.

diffusion; this method oxygen in the surrounding environment diffuses through the skin of the cnidarian, moving from the outside of the animal to the inside.

Which is NOT a function of any type of cnidocyte? A. Digests prey after it is brought into the gastrovascular cavity B. Harpoons prey and pulls it into the body C. Sticks to prey and moves it toward the mouth D. Uses a lasso to capture prey

digests prêt after it is brought into the gastrovascular cavity

What is the epidermis?

ectoderm; outer protective cell layer.

What is the gastrodermis?

endoderm; inner cell layer, extracellular digestion.

Cnidarians possess a ___________________ gastrovascular cavity and surrounding water, skeleton that gains leverage from the water inside the A. spongin B. silicon-based C. calcium carbonate D. fluid-based

fluid-based

Examples of Hydrozoas (3)

hydras, man 'o' war, and obelia

What is true of an organism that lives in the water, is bioluminescent, but does not have stinging cells? C.It is a freshwater sponge. D. It is a member of the phylum Cnidaria. A. It is a marine sponge. B. It is a member of the phylum Ctenophora.

it is a member of the phylum ctenophora

Which body "systems" are present in the Cnidarian body wlan A. No systems are present in Cnidaria B. nervous and muscular C. skeletal and excretory D. circulatory and nervous

nervous and muscular

2. An intracellular structure made of a fluid-filled capsule holding a coiled, hollow tube is the... choanocytes collar cel pinacoeyte. nematocyst.

pinacoeyte

The _______________ body form of a cnidarian is typically asexual and sessile. A. sycon B. polyp C. leucon D. medusa

polyp

Which body systems do Cnidaria's lack?

respiratory, circulatory, and no brain.

Which stage of the cnidarian life cycle is fully sessile? A. planula B. scyphistoma C. ephyra D. médusa

scyphistoma

Members of the cnidarian class ______________ are called the "true jellyfish." A. Cubozoa B. Anthozoa C. Hydrozoa D. Scyphozoa

scyphozoa

Members of the cnidarian class_______________resemble flowers and spend most of all their life in the polyp stage. A. Mesozoa B. Cubazoa C. Scyphozoa D. Anthozoa

scyphozoa

What is true Or cnidocytes (nematocysts)? A. Each individual nematocyst reacts to a stimulus B. Chidocytes use electrical impulses to catch prey. C. Cnidocytes are used mainly for defense. D. Several cnidocytes react at once to a combination of stimuli.

several cnidocytes react at once to a combination of stimuli

For which function does the Cnidaria NOT need a specialized cell? A. taking in oxygen B. producing digestive enzymes C. stinging prey D. transporting food to other cells

taking in oxygen

In the symbiotic relationship between _____________ zooxanthellae and coral, source of nutrients (glucose). A. the zooxanthellae. B. the rhopalia. provides the main C. the captured prey. D. the coral

the zooxanyhellae

What do sponges and jelly fish have in common? A. They are both colonial creatures. B. Both have extracellular digestion. C. They both have a diploblastic body plan. D. Both have a hydrostatic skeleton.

they both have a diploblastic body plan

What is the mesoglea?

tissue that functions as a hydrostatic skeleton. Its between the epidermis and gastrodermis. It also transports food to layer cells.

Which is NOT a function of the gastrovascular cavity? A. extracellular digestion B. transport of materials to all body cells C. site for exchange of respiratory gases D. site for release of cellular wastes

transport of materials to all body cells