cog ch6

The following statement represents what kind of memory? "The Beatles stopped making music together as a group in the early 1970s." a.Procedural b.Semantic c.Episodic d.Implicit

B

According to Tulving, an episodic memory is distinguished by the process of ________ it. a.reliving b.knowing c.semanticizing d.coding

A

The coding of a stimulus into memory refers to which of the following? a.Process b.Form c.Location d.Consciousness

B

When investigating the serial position curve, delaying the memory test for 30 seconds a.decreases the recency effect. b.has no effect on the curve. c.increases both the primacy and the recency effects. d.increases the primacy effect.

A

___________ memories are to experiences as ___________ memories are to facts. a.Episodic; semantic b.Procedural; episodic c.Implicit; episodic d.Semantic; implicit

A

According to your text, which of the following movies is LEAST accurate in its portrayal of a memory problem? a.The Bourne Identity b.50 First Dates c.The Long Kiss Goodnight d.Memento

B

In which of the following examples of two different brain-injured patients (Tom and Tim) is a double dissociation demonstrated? a.Tom and Tim both show deficits in episodic and semantic memory. b.Both Tom and Tim have good semantic memory but poor episodic memory. c.Both Tom and Tim have good episodic memory but poor semantic memory. d.Tom has good semantic memory and poor episodic memory, while Tim has good episodic memory but poor semantic memory.

D

Procedural memories are also known as ________ memories. a.explicit b.skill c.task d.static

\C

Which of the following is NOT an example of an implicit memory? a.Semantic memory b.Repetition priming c.Procedural memory d.Classical conditioning

/B

A man suffering from Korsakoff's syndrome would be able to perform which of the following activities without difficulty? a.Identifying a photograph of his childhood home b.Remembering what he needs to buy when he gets to the grocery store c.Recognizing people he has recently met d.Following a story in a book

/C

The constructive episodic stimulation hypothesis describes how our memories are connected to our ________. a.future b.emotions c.knowledge d.neural networks

/C

Murdoch's "remembering a list" experiment described the serial position curve and found that memory is best for ___________ of a list. a.both the first and last words b.the first words c.the middle words d.the last words

A

One of the defining characteristics of implicit memory is that a.people are not conscious they are using it. b.it is enhanced by the self-reference effect. c.it always leads to episodic memory for events. d.people use it strategically to enhance memory for events.

A

Believing that a particular statement is true simply because you have seen the statement in previous instances is known as the ________ effect. a.primacy b.recency c.propaganda d.conditioning

C

Wickens et al.'s "fruit, meat, and professions" experiment failed to show a release from proactive interference in the "fruit" group because a.the stimulus category changed. b.the response task changed. c.the response task remained the same. d.the stimulus category remained the same.

D

Your book discusses the memory functioning of patient H.M. who underwent brain surgery to relieve severe epileptic seizures. H.M.'s case has been extremely informative to psychologists by demonstrating that a.a double dissociation exists for short-term and long-term memory. b.impairment of one memory system (long-term or short-term) necessarily leads to deficits in the functioning of the other. c.long-term memory can operate normally while short-term memory is impaired. d.short-term memory can operate normally while long-term memory is impaired.

D

Which of the following involves procedural memory? a.Knowing how an automobile engine works b.Recalling a childhood memory c.Reading a sentence in a book d.Knowing how it feels to be scared

C

As people get older, their memories of past experiences tend to have an emphasis on ________. a.episodes b.facts c.procedures d.feelings

/DC

"I remember being really excited last year, when my college team won the national championship in basketball." This statement is an example of ___________ memory. a.episodic b.procedural c.implicit d.semantic

A

K.C., who was injured in a motorcycle accident, remembers facts like the difference between a strike and a spare in bowling, but he is unaware of experiencing things like hearing about the circumstances of his brother's death, which occurred two years before the accident. His memory behavior suggests a.intact semantic memory but defective episodic memory. b.intact episodic memory but defective procedural memory. c.intact procedural memory but defective semantic memory. d.intact episodic memory but defective semantic memory.

A

Memory enhancement due to repetition priming is a result of the test stimulus being a.the same as or resembling the priming stimulus. b.different in meaning from the priming stimulus. c.similar in meaning to the priming stimulus. d.different from the priming stimulus.

A

Semantic memory is to ________ as episodic memory is to ________. a.knowing; remembering b.fragile; permanent c.images; sounds d.implicit; explicit

A

The primacy effect is attributed to a.recall of information still active in short-term memory. b.recall of information stored in long-term memory. c.forgetting of early items in a list as they are replaced by later items. d.a type of rehearsal that improves memory for all items in a list.

B

Which of the following correctly lists types of memory from least to most complex? a.Semantic, episodic, visual b.Visual, semantic, episodic c.Semantic, visual, episodic d.Episodic, visual, semantic

B

Which of the following is NOT a conclusion from the case of H.M., who had an operation to help alleviate his epileptic seizures? a.Short-term and long-term memories can operate independently of each other. b.Long-term memories are unaffected by damage to the hippocampus. c.Short-term and long-term memories are controlled by different mechanisms. d.The hippocampus is necessary for forming new long-term memories.

B

A patient with impaired episodic memory would most likely have the greatest difficulty in a.recognizing famous people. b.recalling where to find eating utensils in the kitchen. c.remembering graduating from college. d.remembering the meaning of some words.

C

According to Tulving, the defining property of the experience of episodic memory is that a.it accesses knowledge about the world that does not have to be tied to any specific personal experience. b.it always corresponds to events from our past that actually happened. c.it involves mental time travel. d.it involves both explicit and implicit memories.

C

Ming is taking a memory test. She is more likely to recall the name of a popular singer if she had a.just read about the singer in a magazine. b.just seen the singer on TV. c.attended the singer's concert last year with her boyfriend. d.recently seen the singer on TV and read about the singer in a magazine.

C

Explicit memory is to ___________ as implicit memory is to ___________. a.episodic; semantic b.primacy; recency c.self; others d.aware; unaware

D

From a cognitive psychology perspective, memories from specific experiences in our life are defined as being ________. a.reflective b.personal c.subjective d.autobiographical

D

Lucille is teaching Kendra how to play racquetball. She explains how to hold the racquet, how to stand, and how to make effective shots. These learned skills that Lucille has acquired are an example of ___________ memory. a.working b.semantic c.autobiographical d.procedural

D

Neuropsychological evidence indicates that short- and long-term memories probably a.represent different aspects of the same mechanism. b.both rely most heavily on a semantic coding mechanism. c.are caused by different mechanisms that depend upon each other. d.are caused by different mechanisms that act independently.

D

The predominant type of coding in long-term memory is a.visual. b.concrete. c.phonological. d.semantic.

D

The type of coding that occurs in a particular situation primarily depends on the ________. a.stimulus b.source c.neurons d.task

D

Your text describes an "Italian woman" who, after an attack of encephalitis, had difficulty remembering people or facts she knew before. She could, however, remember her life events and daily tasks. Her memory behavior reflects a.intact semantic memory but defective episodic memory. b.intact procedural memory but defective episodic memory. c.intact episodic memory but defective procedural memory. d.intact episodic memory but defective semantic memory.

D

Your text discusses how episodic and semantic memories are interconnected. This discussion revealed that when we experience events, a.semantic memory of events is enhanced when it is not interfered with by associated episodic memories. b.semantic and episodic memories about events tend to last about the same length of time in our memory. c.episodic memory for events lasts longer than semantic memory for the events. d.the knowledge that makes up semantic memories is initially attained through a personal experience based in episodic memory.

D

The dramatic case of patient H.M. clearly illustrates that ___________ is crucial for the formation of long-term memories. a.vitamin B1 b.synaptic consolidation c.the hippocampus d.deep processing

C

Lamar has just gotten a new job and is attending a company party where he will meet his colleagues for the first time. His boss escorts him around to small groups to introduce him. At the first group, Lamar meets four people and is told only their first names. The same thing happens with a second group and a third group. At the fourth group, Lamar is told their names and that one of the women in the group is the company accountant. A little while later, Lamar realizes that he only remembers the names of the people in the first group, though he also remembers the profession of the last woman he met (the accountant). Lamar's experience demonstrates a.a build-up and release of proactive interference. b.the cocktail party phenomenon. c.a partial-report procedure. d.the phonological similarity effect.

A

The propaganda effect demonstrates that we evaluate familiar statements as being true a.unless we are told explicitly that the statements are false. b.only when we are aware we've seen them before. c.simply because we have been exposed to them before. d.only when we agree with them.

C

The recency effect occurs when participants are asked to recall a list of words. One way to eliminate the recency effect is to a.have participants say "la, la, la" while studying the list. b.present the list more slowly. c.have participants count backwards for 30 seconds after hearing the last word of the list. d.have participants see the words on a screen, rather than hear them.

C

This multiple-choice question is an example of a ___________ test. a.personal semantic memory b.recall c.recognition d.word-completion

C

Which of the following is most closely associated with implicit memory? a.The self-reference effect b.Release from proactive inhibition c.The propaganda effect d.Encoding specificity

C

Why is classical conditioning considered a form of implicit memory? a.Because learning the association between the neutral and conditioned stimulus requires effort. b.Because it is based on motor skills similar to procedural memory. c.Because it involves learning an association without being aware of the reasons behind it. d.Because it usually involves memory for the episode in which it occurred.

C

Work with brain-injured patients reveals that ___________ memory does not depend on conscious memory. a.declarative and non-declarative b.personal semantic and remote c.implicit and procedural d.semantic and episodic

C

___________ memories are those that we are not aware of. a.Explicit b.Declarative c.Implicit d.All of these are correct

C

The primacy effect (from the serial position curve experiment) is associated with ___________ memory. a.short-term b.implicit c.sensory d.long-term

D

Which of the following is an example of a semantic memory? a.I remember "volcano" was the first word on the list Juan read to me. b.I remember seeing a volcano erupt in Hawaii last summer. c.I remember my earth science teacher telling me how volcanoes erupt. d.I remember the big island of Hawaii has many active volcanoes.

D