Cog Exam Practice Questions
Explicit memory is to ____ as implicit memory is to ____ A.aware; unaware B.self; others C.primacy; recency D.episodic; semantic
A
Illusory conjunctions are: A. combinations of different features from different stimuli B. misidentified objects using the context of the scene C. combinations of features from the masking field and the stimuli D. features that are consistent across different stimuli
A
Imagine that students described below are taking a multiple choice test. Which student's behavior best describes an example of implicit memory? A.One student comes to a question for which he is unsure of the answer, but choice B is familiar, so it must be right. B.One student remembers the correct answer to a question as well as where the information can be found in the textbook. C.One student has no idea what the answer is, but she does not want to leave a question blank. So, she guesses by first writing out the items she thought would make sense. D.One student is sure he does not know the answer for a question, so he leaves it blank.
A
Information remains in sensory memory for A. seconds or a fraction of a second B. 15-30 seconds C. 1-3 minutes D. as long as it is rehearsed
A
QuestionIn Schneider and Shiffrin's experiment, in which participants were asked to indicate whether a target stimulus was present in a series of rapidly presented "frames," divided attention was easier A. once processing had become automatic B. when processing was done verbally C. when verbal processing was prohibited by the experimenters D. when processing was more controlled
A
Strayer and Johnston's (2001) experiment involving simulated driving and the use of"hands-free" vs. "handheld" cellphones found that A.talking on either kind of phone impairs driving performance significantly and to the same extent. B. driving performance was impaired only with the handheld cellphones. C. driving performance was impaired less with the hands-free phones than with the hand held phones. D. divided attention (driving and talking on the phone) did not affect performance.
A
The primacy effect is attributed to A.recall of information stored in LTM B.a type of rehearsal that improves memory for all items in a list C.recall of information still active in STM D.forgetting of early items in a list as they are replaced by later items
A
Which of the following is not evidence that rehearsal improves short-term memory? A. Release from Proactive Interference Effect B. Word Length Effect C. articulatory suppression reduces the Word Length Effect D. reading speed is correlated with word length
A. Release from Proactive Interference Effect
Jacoby's experiment, in which participants made judgements about whether they had previously seen the names of famous and non-famous, found inaccurate memories based on source misattributions occurred after a delay of A.one week. B.24 hours. C.one hour. D.one month
B
Why do levels of processing experiments use incidental learning? A.To make sure participants are trying to learn the material they are supposed to B.To prevent participants from engaging in a level of processing different from the one they are asked to engage in C.To see what level of processing participants are engaged in D.To allow participants to engage in any level of processing they see fit
B
According to the model of working memory, which of the following mental tasks should LEAST adversely affect people's driving performance while operating a car along an unfamiliar, winding road? A. trying to imagine how many cabinets are in their kitchen B. trying to remember a map of an area C. trying to remember the definition of a word they just learned D. trying to imagine a portrait from a recent museum exhibit
C
Autobiographical memory research shows that a person's brain is more extensively activated when viewing photos A.the person has seen before. B.of familiar places. C.they took themselves. D.the person has never seen before.
C
Given what we know about memory, which of the following word lists would be most difficult for people to retain for 10 seconds? A. IN, OUT, OVER, UNDER, ON B. FBI, CIA, NSA, DEA, ATF C. APPLICATION, FRAGRANCE, ZUCCHINI, VOLLEYBALL, SILVERWARE D. PIG, DOG, RAT, FOX, HEN
C
Lan has no idea what she just read in her test because she was thinking about how hungry she is and what she is going to have for dinner. This is a real-world example of: A. the early-selection model of attention B. attentional lapse C. inattentional blindness D. the cocktail party phenomenon
C
The "early" in Broadbent's early selection model implies that: A. it was the first model of its kind proposed B. we are more attentive to stimuli earlier in our lives C. selection is based on the physical characteristics of the input, while the meaning is extracted later D. we extract the meaning of input first, and then process the physical characteristics
C
The "filter model" proposes that the filter identifies the attended message based on: A. meaning B. modality C. physical characteristics D. higher order characteristics
C
The experiment in which participants listened to two different messages, one presented in each ear, found that people: A. could focus on a message only if they are repeating it B. could focus on a message only if they rehearsed it C. Could focus on one message and ignore the other at the same time D. could not focus on a message presented to only one ear
C
The recency effect occurs when participants are asked to recall a list of words. One way to get rid of the recency effect is to A.have participants say "la, la, la" while studying the list. B.present the list more slowly C.have participants count backwards for 30 seconds after hearing the last word of the list D.have participants see the words on a screen, rather than hear them.
C
The three structural components of the modal model of memory are: A. receptors, occipital lobe, temporal lobe B. receptors, temporal lobe, frontal lobe C. sensory memory, short-term memory, long-term memory D. sensory memory, iconic memory, rehearsal
C
Which of the following is an example of semantic memory? A.I remember my earth science teacher telling me how volcanoes erupt B.I remember seeing a volcano erupt in Hawaii last summer C.I remember the big island of Hawaii has many volcanoes D.I remember "volcano" was the first word in the list Juan read to me
C
Working memory differs from short-term memory in that A. short-term memory consists of a number of components B. short-term memory has limited capacity C. working memory is concerned with both holding and processing information D. working memory has unlimited capacity
C
memories are to experiences as memories are to facts A.semantic; implicit B.implicit; episodic C.episodic; semantic D.procedural; episodic
C
According to Treisman's "attenuation model," which of the following would you expect to have the highest threshold for most people? A. the word "money" B. their child's first name C. the word "home" D. the word "platypus"
D
Asking people to recall the most influential events that happened during their college careers shows that ____ in people's lives appear to be particularly memorable. A.trauma-based experiences B.family-centered challenges C.the freshman year D.transition points
D
Imagine yourself walking from your car, bus stop, or dorm to your first class. Your ability to form such a picture in your mind depends on which of the following components of working memory? A. the STM recency effect B. delayed response coding C. the phonological loop D. the visuospatial sketchpad
D
You walk from your bedroom to the kitchen to get something, but when you get there you can't remember what you came for. When you get back to your bedroom, you remember you went to get a Coke. This illustrates the principle of A.the self-reference effect. B.maintenance rehearsal. C.levels of processing theory. D.context dependent memory.
D
Your text describes an experiment by Talarico and Rubin (2003) that measured people's memories of terrorist attacks on September 11, 2002. Which of the following was the primary result of that research? A.participants had very little confidence in the accuracy of their memories of the events 32 weeks after they happened B.participants had very high confidence of the terrorist events and also had high confidence in their present "everyday" memories 32 weeks later C.participants had high confidence in the accuracy of their memory of the terrorist events 32 weeks later, but when actually tested made significant errors when asked what they were doing on the day of the attacks D.after 32 weeks, participants had a high level of confidence in their memories of the terrorist events, but lower belief in their memories of "everyday" events
D
