Cog. Psych Exam 2

Information is stored in iconic memory for

less than 1 second.

Repeating a phone number to yourself to hold it in memory while you dial it would use which component of working memory?

the phonological loop

According to feature integration theory, which two of the following search tasks should require serial search? (1) The target differs from the distractors by a single feature such as color. (2) The target differs from the distractors by a conjunction of two or more features, such as color and orientation. (3) The target differs from the distractors by the presence of a feature (i.e. the targets have the added feature). (4) The target differs from the distractors by the absence of a feature (i.e. the distractors have a feature that the target lacks).2 and 4

2 and 4

In Sperling's "partial report" tasks, subjects were shown a brief array of letters and numbers and were then given a tone cue that indicated which row they should remember. About how many letters and numbers could subjects report from one row in an array containing 3 rows of 4 letters?

3

The famous patient H.M. had brain surgery to relieve his epilepsy. What kind of a memory impairment did he have?

A profound anterograde amnesia, accompanied by a mild retrograde amnesia

Among the following methods, which is the most effective means of learning the Spanish equivalents of English words?

Creating imaginary scenes in which the word pairs are visually associated

_____ memory tasks involve the recall or recognition of learned material, while ______ memory tasks measure the effect of previous experiences on present performance of a task.

Explicit / implicit

Which of the following is an example of retroactive interference?

Forgetting your old phone number after getting a new one

A patient with medial temporal lobe damage is taught to juggle on day 1. On day 2, he will remember ________, but he will not remember ________.

How to juggle / the name of the person who taught him to juggle

A patient with anterograde amnesia fails to remember ________, whereas a patient with retrograde amnesia fails to remember ________.

Information from after the onset of the amnesia / Information from before the onset of the amnesia

As classically conceived, long-term memory is held to have all of the following properties EXCEPT:

It primarily uses acoustic coding

Before going to the grocery store, your roommate reads you a long list of items to buy. At the store, you try to remember all of the items but you forget a few. Which items are likely to have been forgotten?

Items in the middle of the list

Which of the following is a conjunction search?

Looking among red apples and green limes for a green apple.

Which of the following is an example of a feature search?

Looking for a red apple in a bowl of green avocados

Which of the following is not a component of the working memory system?

Procedural buffer

Hemispatial neglect is usually found after damage to the ________ parietal lobe and usually consists of a lack of attention to the ________ side of space.

Right / Left

Information stored in long-term memory appears to be primarily encoded in a ________ format.

Semantic

Imagine that you are brought into a dark room and the lights are turned on for 1 millisecond and then off again. It will seem like you can still see some of the objects in the room for a few hundred milliseconds after the lights are turned off. This is an example of:

Sensory memory

Which of the following is direct evidence that information is stored in an acoustic form in the articulatory loop?

Short-term memory for a list of words is worse if the items sound similar to each other (e.g., rat, bat, cat, mat)

The famous patient H.M. had brain surgery to relieve his epilepsy. What brain areas were removed?

The medial temporal lobes, including the hippocampus

Peterson & Peterson (1959) attempted to provide evidence for rapid decay of information in short-term memory. They presented subjects with 3 letters to remember and then gave them a 3-digit number and asked the subjects to count backwards from this number by 3's. Why did they give the subject the 3-digit number and ask them to count backwards?

To prevent active rehearsal of the 3 letters

Which of the following is not an attribute of short-term memory

Unlimited storage capacity

The main conclusion of the Kingstone & Friesen (1998) article was that

When subjects see a face with eyes that are pointing in a particular direction, they will automatically shift their attention in that direction

According to Feature Integration Theory

a) Features are stored in spatially organized feature maps b) Feature maps are created automatically and in parallel c) Without attention, we have access only to the total amount of activity in a feature map, and not to the locations of the features d) All of the above ALL OF THE ABOVE IS THE ANSWER

The primacy and recency effects in memory:

can be independently manipulated, indicating at least two types of memory at work.

The central executive in working memory is hypothesized to have the function of

directing the flow of information.

Five-year old George was taught the words "duck" and "dog" in class today. In one exercise, George's teacher asked him if "duck" rhymed with "cluck" and if "dog" was a type of animal. The next day, George was given a recall test of the words that he learned. According the levels-of-processing framework, George would be more likely to remember _________.

dog

The _____ component of working memory is thought to be a temporary storage system that interacts with long-term memory and the other components of working memory to facilitate the transfer of information to long-term memory.

episodic buffer

The _______ theory of attention states that there is a very limited amount of information that can be attended to at one time; unattended information is blocked out.

filter

Memory ability can be defined as:

having information from the past

In a study of inattentional blindness, Daniel Simons and colleagues presented an unexpected event, such as a woman with an umbrella crossing the room from left to right, to a group of participants who were trying to monitor the number of passes that a particular basketball team made in a film. When questioned later about "anything unexpected" that happened in the film,

overall, 46% of the participants failed to notice the woman at all.

The calling to mind of previously stored information is known as:

retrievaL

Results from dichotic listening studies indicate that, while a person is shadowing one message, he/she notices which of the following features of the unattended message?

whether it is speech or simply noise

According to the retrieval cue explanation of interference, you are more likely to forget where you parked your car in a lot where:

you have parked frequently, but in many different spaces.