Cog Psych Test 2--MC Questions
Bartlett's experiment in which English participants were asked to recall the "War of the Ghosts" story that was taken from the French Indian culture illustrated the: a. familiarity effect. b. misinformation effect. c. constructive nature of memory. d. reminiscence bump.
c
Donald Hebb proposed that memory is represented in the brain by structural changes in all of the following EXCEPT the: a. postsynaptic neuron. b. neurotransmitters. c. synapse. d. presynaptic neuron.
b
Experiments that argue against a special flashbulb memory mechanism find that as time increases since the occurrence of the flashbulb event, participants: a. report less vivid recollections of the event. b. make more errors in their recollections. c. report less confidence about their recollections. d. remember more details about the event.
b
Funahashi et al.'s work on monkeys doing a delayed response task is an example of the: a. physiological and mental approach to coding. b. physiological approach to coding. c. mental approach to coding. d. study of articulatory suppression.
b
In Lindsay's "misinformation effect" experiment, participants saw a sequence of slides showing a maintenance man stealing money and a computer. This slide presentation included narration by a female speaker who described what was happening in the slides as they were shown. Results showed that the misinformation effect was greatest when MPI presentation was: a. auditory, regardless of the gender of the speaker. b. auditory from a female speaker. c. auditory from a male speaker. d. visual.
b
Recalling the sound of a song you heard on the radio yesterday would be an example of: a. semantic coding in STM. b. auditory coding in LTM. c. semantic coding in LTM. d. auditory coding in STM.
b
Shanta has frontal lobe damage. She is doing a problem solving task in which she has to choose the red object out of many choices. She can easily complete this repeatedly, but when the experimenter asks her to choose the blue object on a new trial of the task, she continues to choose the red one, even when the experimenter gives her feedback that she is incorrect. Shanta is displaying: a. decay. b. perseveration. c. sensory memory. d. the central executive.
b
The "magic number," according to Miller, is: a. 5 plus 2. b. 7 plus or minus 2. c. lucky 13. d. 7 and 11.
b
Which task should be easier: keeping a sentence like "John went to the store to buy some oranges" in your mind AND: a. saying "yes" for each word that is a noun and "no" for each word that is not a noun? b. pointing to the word "yes" for each word that is a noun and "no" for each word that is not a noun?
b
According to the levels of processing theory, memory durability depends on how information is: a. stored. b. retrieved. c. encoded. d. all of these
c
According to your text, which of the following movies is LEAST accurate in its portrayal of a memory problem? a. Memento b. The Bourne Identity c. 50 First Dates d. The Long Kiss Goodnight
c
Elaborative rehearsal of a word will LEAST likely be accomplished by: a. linking the new word to a previously learned concept. b. using it in a sentence. c. repeating it over and over. d. thinking of its synonyms and antonyms.
c
The elaborative rehearsal task of learning a word by using it in a sentence is generally most effective if the generated sentence is: a. vague. b. neutral. c. complex. d. simple.
c
An example of a dissociation is evidenced by a brain-injured patient who: a. exhibits a recency effect but no primacy effect. b. cannot recognize either familiar faces or familiar voices. c. shows a significantly reduced digit span. d. shows evidence for deeper processing and shallow processing.
a
In the "sleep list" false memory experiment, false memory occurs because of: a. constructive memory processes. b. the effect of scripts. c. verbatim recall. d. none of these
a
Stany and Johnson's "weapons focus" experiment, investigating memory for crime scenes, found that: a. the presence of a weapon hinders memory for other parts of the event. b. the presence of a weapon has no effect on memory for the event. c. the threat of a weapon causes people to focus their attention away from the weapon itself. d. the presence of a weapon enhances memory for all parts of the event.
a
The conclusion from the experiment in which a chess master and a chess novice were asked to remember the positions of chess pieces on a chess board was that: a. novices do better because they are not distracted by irrelevant knowledge about previous chess games. b. chess masters have developed better memory skills than novices. c. chess masters use chunking to help them remember actual game arrangements. d. chess masters outperform novices in all conditions.
c
Why is classical conditioning considered a form of implicit memory? a. Because it is based on motor skills like procedural memory is. b. Because it usually involves memory for the episode in which it occurred. c. Because you have to make an effort to learn the association between the neutral and conditioned stimulus. d. Because it involves learning an association without being aware of the reasons behind it.
d
Wickens et al.'s "fruit, meat, and professions" experiment failed to show a release from proactive interference in the "fruit" group because: a. the response task changed. b. the response task remained the same. c. the stimulus category changed. d. the stimulus category remained the same.
d
The following statement represents what kind of memory? "The Beatles stopped making music together as a group in the early 1970s." a. Semantic b. Procedural c. Episodic d. Implicit
a
The inability to assimilate or retain new knowledge is known as: a. anterograde amnesia. b. retrograde amnesia. c. the primacy effect. d. the serial effect.
a
When a sparkler is twirled rapidly, people perceive a circle of light. This occurs because: a. the length of iconic memory (the persistence of vision) is about one-third of a second. b. Gestalt principles work to complete the circle in our minds. c. the trail you see is caused by sparks left behind from the sparkler. d. due to its high intensity, we see the light from the sparkler for about a second after it goes out.
a
Which example below best demonstrates state-dependent learning? a. Although Emily doesn't very often think about her first love, Steve, she can't help getting caught up in happy memories when "their song" (the first song they danced to) plays on the radio. b. Last night, at the grocery store, Cole ran into a psychology professor he took a class with three semesters ago. He recognized her right away. c. Alexis always suffers test anxiety in her classes. To combat this, she tries to relax when she studies. She thinks it's best to study while lying in bed, reading by candlelight with soft music playing. d. Even though Walt hasn't been to the beach cottage his parents owned since he was a child, he still has many fond memories of time spent there as a family.
a
Which of the following is NOT an example of an implicit memory? a. Semantic memory b. Priming c. Classical conditioning d. Procedural memory
a
Working memory differs from short-term memory in that: a. working memory is concerned with the manipulation of information. b. short-term memory has unlimited capacity. c. working memory has unlimited capacity. d. short-term memory consists of a number of components.
a
Your book explains that brief episodes of retrograde amnesia (e.g., the traumatic disruption of newly formed memories when a football player takes a hit to the head and can't recall the last play before the hit) reflect: a. a failure of memory consolidation. b. disrupted long-term potentiation. c. Korsakoff's syndrome. d. temporary post-traumatic stress disorder.
a
Your friend has been sick for several days, so you go over to her home to make her some chicken soup. Searching for a spoon, you first reach in a top drawer beside the dishwasher. Then, you turn to the big cupboard beside the stove to search for a pan. In your search, you have relied on a kitchen: a. schema. b. source memory. c. scan technique. d. episodic memory.
a
The memory-trace replacement hypothesis states that the misinformation effect occurs because: a. MPI cues the rememberer that an error in memory is occurring. b. the original memory for an event decays over time, leaving room for MPI to infiltrate the memory later. c. MPI impairs or replaces memories formed during the original experiencing of an event. d. MPI fills in the gaps in the original memory where it lacked detail.
c
Which task below would most likely be used to test for implicit memory? a. Recalling the names of popular fairy tales. b. Recognizing words that had been presented in an earlier list. c. Completing a word for which the first and last letter have been supplied. d. Matching Spanish vocabulary words with their English translations.
c
According to memory research, studying is most effective if study sessions are: a. long and across several days. b. short but all on a single day. c. long and all on a single day. d. short and across several days.
d
Free recall of the stimulus list "apple, desk, shoe, sofa, plum, chair, cherry, coat, lamp, pants" will most likely yield which of these response patterns? a. "Apple, desk, shoe, sofa, plum, chair, cherry, coat, lamp, pants" b. "Apple, desk, shoe, coat, lamp, pants" c. "Apple, chair, cherry, coat, desk, lamp, plum, shoe, sofa" d. "Apple, cherry, plum, shoe, coat, lamp, chair, pants"
d
Phoebe steps up to the golf ball and hits it down the fairway. She sees that the ball is heading towards someone, so she yells "Fore!" After her two partners hit their balls, they pick up their bags and start walking to the next hole. But Phoebe says, "Wait a minute, I haven't teed off yet." This behavior shows that Phoebe has a problem with ________ memory. a. semantic b. working c. procedural d. episodic
d
The conclusion to be drawn from the man named Shereshevskii whose abnormal brain functioning gave him virtually limitless word-for-word memory is that having memory like a video recorder: a. is an advantage because it eliminates "selective" recording (remembering some events and forgetting others), which provides no useful service to humans. b. helped him draw powerful inferences and intelligent conclusions from his vast knowledge base. c. is largely a blessing because no event would be erased. d. none of these
d
The defining characteristic of implicit memory is that: a. it is enhanced by the self-reference effect. b. it always leads to episodic memory for events. c. people use it strategically to enhance memory for events. d. we are not conscious we are using it.
d
The experiment for which people were asked to make fame judgments for both famous and non-famous names (and for which Sebastian Weissdorf was one of the names to be remembered) illustrated the effect of ________ on memory. a. repeated rehearsal of distinctive names b. encoding specificity c. schemas d. source misattributions
d
The primacy effect (from the serial position curve experiment) is associated with: a. sensory memory. b. STM. c. implicit memory. d. LTM.
d
The story in the text about the balloons that were used to suspend a speaker in mid air was used to illustrate the role of ________ in memory. a. depth of processing b. forming connections with other information c. rehearsal d. organization
d
The word-length effect shows that it is more difficult to remember: a. a list of words that are of different lengths than a list of words that are all the same length. b. a long list of words than a short list of words. c. a list of words that are all the same length than a list of words that are of different lengths. d. a list of long words than a list of short words.
d
Treatment of PTSD has benefitted from recent research on: a. levels of processing. b. depth of processing. c. transfer-appropriate processing. d. reconsolidation.
d
Which of the following statements is true of police lineups? a. A simultaneous lineup decreases the chance of falsely identifying an innocent person as the perpetrator. b. A sequential lineup increases the chance that the witness compares people in the lineup to each other. c. A sequential lineup increases the chance that the witness will make a relative judgment about all the suspects they saw. d. A sequential lineup increases the chance that the witness compares each person in the lineup to his or her memory of the event.
d
