Cognitive Psych Practice Final

The famous patient H.M. had brain surgery to relieve his epilepsy. What brain areas were removed? a) The medial temporal lobes, including the hippocampus b) The medial temporal lobes, excluding the hippocampus c) The medial diencephalic areas, including the hippocampus d) The medial diencephalic areas, excluding the hippocampus

b) The medical temporal lobes, excluding the hippocampus

The word "showed" contains ________ phonemes and ________ morphemes. a) 4 / 1 b) 5 / 1 c) 6 / 1 d) 3 / 2 e) 5 / 2

d) 3/2

What is the smallest unit of speech that can distinguish one utterance from another? a) A diphthong b) A lexicon c) A morpheme d) A phoneme

d) A phoneme

In their arguments against Chomsky and other nativists, the empiricists have argued that: a) Adults provide children with negative evidence, but in an implicit manner b) Explicit negative evidence may not be as important for language acquisition as has been assumed c) Speech directed toward young children is not as impoverished and degenerate as speech directed toward adults d) All of the above

d) All of the above

Wernicke's aphasia is characterized by: a) Obvious impairments in language comprehension b) Fluent but meaningless speech c) Extensive use of syntax d) All of the above e) None of the above

d) All the above

Chomsky and other nativists have argued that much of language is innate. By this, they mean: a) Children are born with a language acquisition device that functions as a general-purpose learning system for any skill, including language, motor skills, mathematics, etc. b) Children are born with a language acquisition device that causes them to pay attention to social stimuli such as language, allowing general-purpose mechanisms to learn language on the basis of its statistical properties c) Children are born with a language acquisition device that contains all possible languages, and with experience they learn which of these languages is the language to which they are being exposed d) Children are born with a language acquisition device that contains information about what is possible in language, and with experience they learn which of the many possible linguistic elements are actually present in the language to which they are being exposed

d) Children are born with a language acquisition device that contains information about what is possible in language, and with experience they learn which of the many possible linguistic elements are actually present in the language to which they are being exposed

Among the following methods, which is the most effective means of learning the Spanish equivalents of English words? a) Repeating the word pairs over and over again out loud b) Repeating the word pairs over and over again silently c) Studying all of the word pairs in one 2-hour period rather than 4 30-minute periods d) Creating imaginary scenes in which the word pairs are visually associated

d) Creating imaginary scenes in which the word pairs are visually associated

A patient with anterograde amnesia fails to remember ________, whereas a patient with retrograde amnesia fails to remember ________. a) Short-term information / long-term information b) Long-term information / short-term information c) Information from before the onset of the amnesia / Information from after the onset of the amnesia d) Information from after the onset of the amnesia / Information from before the onset of the amnesia

d) Information from after the onset of the amnesia/ Information from before the onset of the amnesia

Which of the following is not a component of the working memory system? a) Articulatory Loop b) Visuospatial sketchpad c) Episodic buffer d) Procedural buffer

d) Procedural buffer

The word "thankful" contains how many morphemes? a) Eight, one for each letter b) Just one, the word itself c) Seven, because the combination "th" represents one sound d) Two, the parts "thank" and "ful" *

d) Two, the parts "thank" and "ful"

Studies of semantic memory have shown that in a lexical decision task, people are faster at responding to the stimulus "bread" if it is paired with a stimulus such as: a) "rencle." b) "dog" c) "island" d) "butter" e) "xqkrf"

d) butter

_____ memory tasks involve the recall or recognition of learned material, while ______ memory tasks measure the effect of previous experiences on present performance of a task. a) Explicit / implicit b) Semantic / episodic c) Episodic / semantic d) Procedural / declarative

a) Explicit/ implicit

A patient with medial temporal lobe damage is taught to juggle on day 1. On day 2, he will remember ________, but he will not remember ________. a) How to juggle / the name of the person who taught him to juggle b) The name of the person who taught him to juggle / how to juggle

a) How to juggle/ the name of the person who taught him how to juggle

The concept "bachelor" could be represented in a person's mind as "an unmarried, adult, male, human." This would be an example of a) The classical, feature-based view of concepts and categories b) The prototype view of concepts and categories c) The exemplar-based view of concepts and categories d) All of the above e) None of the above

a) The classical feature-based view of concepts and categories

The central executive in working memory is hypothesized to have the function of: a) directing the flow of information. b) controlling an unlimited amount of resources and capacity. c) carrying out subvocal rehearsal to maintain verbal material in memory. d) maintaining visual material in memory through visualization. e) storing the meaning of complex verbal material.

a) directing the flow of information

The _____ component of working memory is thought to be a temporary storage system that interacts with long-term memory and the other components of working memory to facilitate the transfer of information to long-term memory. a) episodic buffer b) visuospatial sketchpad c) central executive d) the episodic buffer e) the semantic buffer

a) episodic buffer

Collins and Loftus's spreading activation theory differs from the hierarchical network theory in that: a) it dispenses with the idea of cognitive economy. b) it relies on the assumption of hierarchical structure. c) it cannot account for the typicality effect. d) it makes stronger predictions than hierarchical models. e) it cannot account for the category size effect.

a) it dispenses with the idea of cognitive economy

You have never heard the utterance: "The purple peacock was arrested for drunk driving before running for the Presidency of the United States." We are all capable of producing original utterances such as this. This illustrates what property of language? a) productivity b) dynamic c) communicative d) regularity of structure

a) productivity

Information stored in long-term memory appears to be primarily encoded in a ________ format. a) Semantic b) Acoustical c) Articulatory d) Visual

a) semantic

Five-year old George was taught the words "duck" and "dog" in class today. In one exercise, George's teacher asked him if "duck" rhymed with "cluck" and if "dog" was a type of animal. The next day, George was given a recall test of the words that he learned. According the levels-of-processing framework, George would be more likely to remember _________. a) duck b) dog c) George would remember both words with about the same accuracy

b) dog

Categorization models based on family resemblance rely on: a) the definition of each category b) feature overlap among the members of a category c) the necessary conditions for membership in a category d) the sufficient conditions for membership in a category

b) feature overlap among the members of the category

In a connectionist model, the representation of knowledge is: a) stored in the artificial neurons in the network b) in the pattern of connection weights in the network c) in the pattern of firing of the input layer artificial neurons d) in the patter of firing of the output layer artificial neurons

b) in the pattern of connection weights in the network

Which of the following is not a key property of language, as defined in lecture? a) arbitrary relationship between symbol and concept referred to b) one-to-one relationship between symbol and meaning c) structure at multiple levels d) virtually limitless productivity

b) one-to-one relationship between symbol and meaning

Which of the following is direct evidence that information is stored in an acoustic form in the articulatory loop? a) Concurrent articulation impairs recall for a visually presented list of words b) Short-term memory for a list of words is worse if the items sound similar to each other (e.g., rat, bat, cat, mat) c) Recall of items on a list is worse if the words are long d) Subjects can store four multiple-feature objects just as easily as four single-feature objects

b) short-term memory for a list of words is worse if the items sound similar to each

Repeating a phone number to yourself to hold it in memory while you dial it would use which component of working memory? a) the visuospatial sketchpad b) the phonological loop c) the episodic buffer d) both the visuospatial sketchpad and the phonological loop e) both the visuospatial sketchpad and the episodic buffer

b) the phonological loop

The famous patient H.M. had brain surgery to relieve his epilepsy. What kind of a memory impairment did he have? a) A profound anterograde amnesia, accompanied by a profound retrograde amnesia b) A mild anterograde amnesia, accompanied by a profound retrograde amnesia c) A profound anterograde amnesia, accompanied by a mild retrograde amnesia d) A mild anterograde amnesia, accompanied by a mild retrograde amnesia

c) A profound anterograde amnesia, accompanied by a mild retrograde amnesia

Chomsky and other nativists have argued that much of language is innate. One of their arguments has been that, during language acquisition, the speech that children hear from adults is impoverished and degenerate. An example of this would be: a) Adults use baby talk, like "Look at the itty bitty little tiny baby" b) Adults use many short sentences, like "I know. We can go tomorrow." c) Adults use many malformed sentences, like "They...it...is not ready...but maybe tomorrow." d) All of the above

c) Adults use many malformed sentences, like "They...it...is not ready...but maybe tomorrow."

Broca's area is in the _________ lobe, and Wernicke's area is in the _________ lobe. a) Frontal / Parietal b) Parietal / Frontal c) Frontal / Temporal d) Temporal / Frontal f) Parietal / Temporal

c) Frontal/Temporal

As classically conceived, long-term memory is held to have all of the following properties EXCEPT: a) It comprises a permanent or at least semipermanent store. b) It has virtually unlimited capacity. c) It primarily uses acoustic coding d) Information stored within it is not always easily accessible. e) Length of retention in long-term memory is a function of the level of original learning

c) It primarily uses acoustic coding

Before going to the grocery store, your roommate reads you a long list of items to buy. At the store, you try to remember all of the items but you forget a few. Which items are likely to have been forgotten? a) Items at the beginning of the list b) Items at the end of the list c) Items in the middle of the list

c) Items in the middle of the list

Which of the following terms is defined as "the smallest unit of speech that denotes meaning"? a.) Phrase b) Word c) Morpheme d) Phoneme

c) Morpheme

The concept "game" could be represented in a person's mind as a set of representations of all the games the person has encountered. This would be an example of a) The classical, feature-based view of concepts and categories b) The prototype view of concepts and categories c) The exemplar-based view of concepts and categories d) All of the above e) None of the above

c) The exemplar-based view of concepts and categories

Which of the following is not an example of a rule of syntax? a) Singular nouns (e.g., "book") are preceded by an article (e.g., "the") b) An adjective (e.g., "difficult") precedes the noun it modifies (e.g., "test") c) To pronounce the plural of a regular noun, say the noun and add "S" if the noun ends in a hard consonant and add "Z" if the noun ends in a soft consonant or vowel d) All sentences must have a noun phrase and a verb phrase

c) To pronounce the plural of a regular noun, say the noun and add "S" if the noun ends in a hard consonant and add "Z" if the noun ends in a soft consonant or vowel

Vervet monkeys emit different calls to signal different types of threats, and these calls lead other monkeys to take specific, appropriate actions. Which of the following statements is true of vervet monkeys? a) Vervet monkeys have the ability to communicate with a language b) Vervet monkeys cannot use abstract symbols c) Vervet monkeys have the ability to communicate, but not with a true language d) Vervet monkeys do not have the ability to truly communicate

c) Vervet monkeys have the ability to communicate, but not with true language

Which of the following is an example of retroactive interference? a) Confusing your voicemail password with your email password when both were obtained at the same time b) Forgetting your old phone number after getting a new one c) You try to remember your new phone number, but you keep remembering your old number d) All of the above e) None of the above

c) You try to remember your new phone number, but you keep remembering your old number

Sentence-verification tasks are typically used to: a) assess the extent of participants' knowledge about a topic b) probe for a participant's false beliefs c) determine how information is organized and connected in our mental encyclopedia d) quantify the contribution of schemata to memory errors

c) determine how information is organized and connected in our mental encyclopedia

According to the typicality effect, the statement "A dog is a household pet" should be verified: a) faster than "A poodle is a household pet." b) faster than "A dog is a living thing." c) faster than "A ferret is a household pet." d) aster than "A dog is an animal." e) aster than "A ferret is an insect."

c) faster than "A ferret is a household pet"

In a connectionist model, the elements of processing are: a) if-then rules b) stored hierarchical networks c) simple neuron like elements d) declarative memories

c) simple neuron like elements

According to the retrieval cue explanation of interference, you are more likely to forget where you parked your car in a lot where: a) you have never parked before. b) you have always parked in the same place. c) you have parked frequently, but in many different spaces. d) you parked a year ago, but not more recently. e) you parked yesterday.

c) you have parked frequently, but in many different spaces

The claim that mental categories have fuzzy boundaries means that: a.) researchers have been unable to specify the boundaries for the categories people use every day b.) different individuals have somewhat different concepts, making it easy for people to disagree about how a particular object should be categorized c.) the boundaries for a general category are less clear-cut than are the boundaries for a basic-level category d.) category membership is a matter of degree, not an all-or-nothing distinction *

d) category membership is a matter of degree, not an all-or-nothing distinction

In a sentence-verification task, participants respond to these two sentences: "A canary has feathers," and "A canary is yellow." We should predict faster response times to the second sentence because: a) participants are slowed by semantic ambiguity b) participants' responses are faster to perceptual properties than to conceptual ones c) participants are faster in judging "isa" associations than they are in judging "hasa" associations d) the property of having feathers is associated with the bird node, not the canary node

d) the property of having feathers is associated with the bird node, not the canary node

ACT models distinguish among three types of memory systems: a) working memory, episodic memory, and declarative memory b) semantic memory, episodic memory, and procedural memory c) procedural memory, declarative memory, and semantic memory d) working memory, declarative memory, and procedural memory e) semantic memory, episodic memory, and concept memory

d) working memory, declarative memory, and procedural memory

Collins and Quillian's hierarchical network model would predict that which of the following statements would take the LONGEST time to verify? a) Boo is a Pomeranian. b) Boo has a popular Facebook page. c) Boo is a dog. d) Boo is an animal. e) Boo is a living thing.

e) Boo is a living thing