Cognitive Psychology Chapter 4 Pt 1

Spatial working memory system is in the left or right hemisphere of the brain?

the right hemisphere

Short-term memory is a part of working memory. (true or false)

true

The Brown and Peterson task has found the duration of working memory to be approximately .... a. 2.5 milliseconds b. 1 second c. 20-30 seconds d. unlimited

20-30 seconds

How can you increase the efficiency of working memory?

by chunking

Proactive Interference: a. reduction in interference when new material differs from earlier material-change category or type of information. b. later items interfere with memory for earlier ones. (your current schedule interferes with remembering last semesters) c. earlier items interfere with memory for later ones. (move to new location, keep recalling old address instead)

earlier items interfere with memory for later ones. (move to new location, keep recalling old address instead; what you already learned interferes with what you are trying to learn)

Which is NOT a component of Baddeley's working memory model? a. phonological loop b. visuospatial sketch pad c. filter d. central executive

filter

Retroactive Interference: a. later items interfere with memory for earlier ones. (your current schedule interferes with remembering last semesters) b. earlier items interfere with memory for later ones. (move to new location, keep recalling old address instead) c. reduction in interference when new material differs from earlier material-change category or type of information.

later items interfere with memory for earlier ones. (your current schedule interferes with remembering last semesters)

Working memory is where active processing takes place, moves information to and from _______

long-term memory

Phonological Loop a. responsible for managing the working memory system b. maintains and manipulates acoustic information c. maintains and manipulates visual/spatial information

maintains and manipulates acoustic information

Visuospatial Scratch Pad a. responsible for managing the working memory system b. maintains and manipulates acoustic information c. maintains and manipulates visual/spatial information

maintains and manipulates visual/spatial information

What is semantic code?

meaning-based code, based on meaning of stimulus

In proactive interference ... a. information in STM interferences with LTM. b. information in the sensory store interferences with information in LTM. c. previously presented information interferes with subsequent (later) learning. d. recently learned information interferes with prior learning.

previously presented information interferes with subsequent (later) learning.

__________ interference is caused by events that occurred before the event that someone tries to recall or remember.

proactive interefernce

Evidence for the verbal code of working memory

processing component in Broca's area of the brain. (back of frontal lobe stores motor commands for speech).

Release from proactive interference: a. reduction in interference when new material differs from earlier material-change category or type of information. b. later items interfere with memory for earlier ones. (your current schedule interferes with remembering last semesters) c. earlier items interfere with memory for later ones. (move to new location, keep recalling old address instead)

reduction in interference when new material differs from earlier material-change category or type of information.

Central Executive a. responsible for managing the working memory system b. maintains and manipulates acoustic information c. maintains and manipulates visual/spatial information

responsible for managing the working memory system

____________ interference is caused by information that occurs after an event.(new information)

retroactive interference

What is acoustic code?

speech-based code, based on sound of stimulus

The magic number 7 plus or minus 2 refers to what?

the capacity of working memory

Verbal working memory system is in the left or right hemisphere of the brain?

the left hemisphere

Short-term memory is separate from the central executive. (true or false)

true

Which part of the Baddeley working memory model would perform the rehearsal of a diagram presented during a lecture? a. The central executive b. The phonological loop c. The visuospatial sketchpad d. The articulatory loop

visuospatial sketchpad