Cold War Regents Review
(1) reduce trade barriers between member nations
A goal of the European Union (EU) is to (1) reduce trade barriers between member nations (2) decrease competition between key industries (3) control the supply of oil available to industrialized nations (4) increase nationalism in western nations
(2) conditions that helped lead to the breakup of the Soviet Union
Mikhail Gorbachev's reforms of perestroika and glasnost resulted in (1) an era of world peace and Soviet prosperity (2) conditions that helped lead to the breakup of the Soviet Union (3) a successful transition to a command economy in Russia (4) censorship of the news media in Russia
(2) keep East Germans from fleeing to the Western sector of Berlin
One reason for the construction of the Berlin Wall in 1961 was to (1) promote reunification of East Germany and West Germany (2) keep East Germans from fleeing to the Western sector of Berlin (3) complete the post-World War II rebuilding of Berlin (4) meet the requirements of the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO)
(3) limit the movement of peoples
The Great Wall of China and the Berlin Wall were both intended to (1) halt the spread of communism (2) isolate unpopular governments (3) limit the movement of peoples (4) keep people from smuggling illegal goods
(3) rebuild national economies to stabilize governments
The purpose of the Marshall Plan after World War II was to (1) promote the spread of militarism (2) force the losing nations to help areas destroyed in the war (3) rebuild national economies to stabilize governments (4) strengthen the alliances that had won the war
(3) pursue free-market economic policies
What has the end of communism in the Soviet Union caused many countries in Eastern Europe to do? (1) shift to a command economy (2) maintain a communist form of government (3) pursue free-market economic policies (4) join the Warsaw Pact
(1) reduce regional trade barriers
What have members of the European Union (EU) attempted to do? (1) reduce regional trade barriers (2) monopolize iron and steel production (3) establish collective farms (4) seize control of the production and distribution of resources
(2) to resist Soviet aggression
What was a major reason for the formation of the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) in 1949? (1) to control European trade (2) to resist Soviet aggression (3) to support the blockade of Berlin (4) to strengthen communist governments
(2) Individuals can be held accountable for "crimes against humanity."
Which important principle was established as a result of the Nuremberg trials? (1) Defeated nations have no rights in international courts of law. (2) Individuals can be held accountable for "crimes against humanity." (3) Soldiers must follow the orders of their superiors. (4) Aggressor nations must pay war reparations for damages caused during wars.
(2) Lech Walesa
Which individual was a union leader who became the first democratically-elected president of Poland? (1) Mikhail Gorbachev (2) Lech Walesa (3) Slobodan Milosevic (4) Margaret Thatcher
(4) Mikhail Gorbachev
". . . The Communist party of the Soviet Union has been and remains a natural and inalienable part of social forces. Their cooperation will make it possible to attain the ultimate goal of Perestroika: to renew our society within the framework of the socialist choice, along the lines of advance to a humane democratic socialism. . . ." Which leader would most likely have made this statement? (1) Kwame Nkrumah (2) Mohandas Gandhi (3) Benito Mussolini (4) Mikhail Gorbachev
(4) tensions between the superpowers
"Korea Divided at 38th Parallel" "Hungarian Revolution Crushed" "Missile Sites Spotted in Cuba" The events in these headlines contributed to the (1) development of peacetime alliances (2) collapse of the Soviet Union (3) rejection of imperialism by Western nations (4) tensions between the superpowers
(4) dangers of the Cold War
. . . "We may anticipate a state of affairs in which two Great Powers will each be in a position to put an end to the civilization and life of the other, though not without risking its own. We may be likened to two scorpions in a bottle, each capable of killing the other, but only at the risk of his own life.". . . — J. Robert Oppenheimer, July 1953 This statement expresses concern about the (1) threats to the environment by developed and developing economies (2) differences between command and market economies (3) economic costs of World War II (4) dangers of the Cold War
(2) World War II
. . . The only way to go was up. And, on June 26, 1948, planes from all over the world were employed to begin an airlift to fly needed food and supplies to the Berliners. The Soviets attempted to frighten away the Allied planes. One Soviet plane, trying to tighten the blockade, fired on a British plane as it attempted to land in Berlin. Both planes crashed, killing all aboard. But the airlift continued. . . . Source: Doris M. Epler, The Berlin Wall, The Millbrook Press The events described in this passage occurred soon after (1) World War I (2) World War II (3) the Korean War (4) the Six-Day War
(2) transform the Soviet Union into an industrial power
A major goal of Joseph Stalin's five-year plans was to (1) encourage communist revolutions in the colonies of the European powers (2) transform the Soviet Union into an industrial power (3) expand the Soviet Union's borders to include warm-water ports (4) reduce the amount of foreign aid coming from the Western Hemisphere
(4) Nazi political and military leaders were held accountable for their actions
A major result of the Nuremberg trials after World War II was that (1) Germany was divided into four zones of occupation (2) the United Nations was formed to prevent future acts of genocide (3) the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) was established to stop the spread of communism (4) Nazi political and military leaders were held accountable for their actions
(4) be weakened by both internal and external pressures
A study of the fall of the Roman Empire (476) and of the collapse of the Soviet Union (1991) shows that powerful empires can (1) lose strength when mercenaries enforce reforms (2) be threatened only when directly attacked by outsiders (3) conquer more than one continent and remain stable (4) be weakened by both internal and external pressures
(3) extensions of communist power
After World War II, the Soviet Union maintained control of many Eastern European nations mainly because these nations were (1) a source of new technology and skilled labor (2) near warm-water ports on the Mediterranean Sea (3) extensions of communist power (4) members of the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO)
(4) collectivizing agriculture
An economic change introduced in the Soviet Union under Joseph Stalin would include (1) establishing free-market reforms (2) boycotting Baltic Sea trade routes (3) focusing on the production of consumer goods (4) collectivizing agriculture
(2) further integrate its economic system
An objective of the European Union (EU) for the early 21st century is to (1) withdraw from its military alliances (2) further integrate its economic system (3) establish a nuclear buffer zone (4) limit production of alternative fuels
(1) failure of communism
Changes in the political borders of Eastern European countries during the 1990s were a result of the (1) failure of communism (2) expansion of the Warsaw Pact (3) end of free trade (4) decline of the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO)
(2) destruction of the Berlin Wall
During the Cold War, which event occurred last? (1) Cuban missile crisis (2) destruction of the Berlin Wall (3) Berlin airlift (4) launch of Sputnik by the Soviet Union
(4) satellites of the Soviet Union
In the 1950s, what was the status of most countries in Eastern Europe? (1) members of the Common Market (2) participants in the Marshall Plan (3) allies of the United States (4) satellites of the Soviet Union
(4) a series of economic and political reforms
In the 1980s, Mikhail Gorbachev's attempts to change the Soviet Union resulted in (1) an increase in tensions between India and the Soviet Union (2) a strengthening of the Communist Party (3) a shift from producing consumer goods to producing heavy machinery (4) a series of economic and political reforms
(1) ethnic minorities sought self-determination
In the 1990s the Soviet Union, Czechoslovakia, and Yugoslavia all dissolved because (1) ethnic minorities sought self-determination (2) the European Union took away the sovereignty of its member nations (3) Mikhail Gorbachev believed a command economy would work better in smaller countries (4) the United States forced them to break up
(4) expensive and difficult to obtain
In the Soviet Union consumer goods (cars, furniture, appliances etc.) were (1) free (2) known for their high quality (3) a major focus of the economy (4) expensive and difficult to obtain
(2) a command economy
In the Soviet Union under Mikhail Gorbachev, the trend toward private ownership of businesses represented a move away from (1) a traditional economy (2) a command economy (3) a free-market economy (4) laissez-faire economics
(2) establish a military alliance
In the post-World War II time period, the purpose of both the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) and the Warsaw Pact was to (1) discourage religious toleration (2) establish a military alliance (3) promote economic self-sufficiency (4) eliminate political corruption
(1) introducing the policies of perestroika and glasnost
Mikhail Gorbachev contributed to the fall of communism in the Soviet Union and Eastern Europe by (1) introducing the policies of perestroika and glasnost (2) violating nuclear arms agreements (3) invading Afghanistan (4) signing the Camp David Accords
(3) reform the Soviet Union politically and economically
Mikhail Gorbachev instituted the policies of glasnost and perestroika to (1) reinforce the basic economic principles of communism (2) bring the Soviet Union into the European Economic Community (3) reform the Soviet Union politically and economically (4) gain acceptance for free political elections
(4) encourage political discussion and economic reform
One reason Mikhail Gorbachev implemented the policies of glasnost and perestroika in the Soviet Union was to (1) eliminate freedom of speech and press (2) destroy the power of the opposition party (3) dominate the governments of Eastern Europe (4) encourage political discussion and economic reform
(1) allowed elements of capitalism within a communist economic system
One way in which Vladimir Lenin's New Economic Policy and Mikhail Gorbachev's policy of perestroika are similar is that both (1) allowed elements of capitalism within a communist economic system (2) strengthened their country's military defenses (3) supported censorship of news and of personal correspondence (4) increased tensions during the Cold War
(4) carrying out crisis management and peace enforcement tasks
Since 1999, what has been the primary role of the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) in world affairs? (1) conducting war crimes trials (2) protecting Western Europe from Soviet aggression (3) lowering tariffs between member nations (4) carrying out crisis management and peace enforcement tasks
(4) peacefully moved toward democracy and self-determination
Since the end of the Cold War most countries in Eastern Europe have (1) maintained communist governments despite the collapse of the Soviet Union (2) undergone violent revolutions (3) surpassed Western Europe economically (4) peacefully moved toward democracy and self-determination
(1) religious and ethnic tensions
Since the end of the Cold War, what has been the primary cause of conflicts in Chechnya, Azerbaijan, and Bosnia? (1) religious and ethnic tensions (2) adoption of capitalism (3) poor health care and starvation (4) efforts at Russification
(3) funds for economic recovery in war-torn European nations
The Marshall Plan was designed to stop the spread of communism by providing (1) government housing to refugees (2) military assistance to Vietnam (3) funds for economic recovery in war-torn European nations (4) nuclear weapons to North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) members
(2) defend Western Europe from Soviet aggression
The North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) was initially formed to (1) promote religious freedom (2) defend Western Europe from Soviet aggression (3) isolate member nations from the rest of the world (4) stop the flow of immigration between member nations
(4) established principles of responsibility for human rights violations
The Nuremberg Trials are considered an important event in the 20th century because they (1) brought an end to genocide (2) condemned the use of nuclear weapons (3) ruled on provisions for the postwar occupation of Germany (4) established principles of responsibility for human rights violations
(4) communist threat after World War II
The Truman Doctrine and the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) were United States responses to the (1) threat of the Nazis in the 1930s (2) fear of economic depression after World War I (3) concern about the partition of India in 1947 (4) communist threat after World War II
(3) events of the Cold War
The Truman Doctrine, Korean War, crisis in Guatemala, and Soviet invasion of Afghanistan were all (1) reasons for the Industrial Revolution (2) examples of Japanese imperialism (3) events of the Cold War (4) causes of World War II
(3) Turkey and Greece
The U.S. policy of containment successfully kept Communism out of (1) China and Cuba (2) North Korea and South Vietnam (3) Turkey and Greece (4) Poland and Hungary
(4) provide a means of solving international problems
The United Nations was created primarily to (1) prosecute persons accused of war crimes (2) contain the spread of communism (3) channel relief aid to war-torn nations (4) provide a means of solving international problems
(1) attain economic benefits through regional organization
The creation of the European Union (EU) was an effort to (1) attain economic benefits through regional organization (2) achieve world peace through military alliances (3) reduce resource depletion through economic planning (4) address environmental problems through coordinated research
(1) benefit member nations through the reduction of tariffs
The creation of the European Union (EU) was intended to (1) benefit member nations through the reduction of tariffs (2) implement sustainable energy policies (3) institute a system of impartial courts (4) establish stronger regional military alliances
(1) end of the Cold War
The destruction of the Berlin Wall and the breakup of the Soviet Union signify the (1) end of the Cold War (2) collapse of the Taliban (3) strength of the Warsaw Pact (4) power of the European Union
(3) stimulate economic growth and political discussion
The goal of Mikhail Gorbachev's policies of perestroika and glasnost was to (1) expand collectivization and communes (2) resume development of Soviet nuclear weapons (3) stimulate economic growth and political discussion (4) stop expansion of the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) into Eastern Europe
(3) Iron Curtain
The imaginary line that divided the Western European countries from the Eastern European countries after World War II was known as the (1) prime meridian (2) line of demarcation (3) Iron Curtain (4) Berlin Wall
(4) rivalries between ethnic groups
The late 20th-century conflict in Yugoslavia, was caused by the (1) deforestation conducted by multinational companies (2) collapse of communism (3) intervention of United Nations peacekeeping forces (4) rivalries between ethnic groups
(2) encourage increased economic development
The main purpose of the European Union (EU) is to (1) increase the authority of the United Nations (2) encourage increased economic development (3) promote peace between nations (4) establish and enforce military alliances
(3) compete economically and militarily
The political climate of the Cold War caused the world's two superpowers to (1) cooperate in halting the spread of communism (2) colonize Africa and Asia (3) compete economically and militarily (4) protect human rights
(3) resolve conflicts between nations peacefully
The primary purpose of the United Nations is to (1) control world grain prices (2) promote democratic governments (3) resolve conflicts between nations peacefully (4) unite all nations militarily through alliances
(3) mass murder of Jews and others in concentration camps (4) judgment of the law
The privilege of opening the first trial in history for crimes against the peace of the world imposes a grave responsibility. The wrongs which we seek to condemn and punish have been so calculated, so malignant, and so devastating, that civilization cannot tolerate their being ignored, because it cannot survive their being repeated. That four great nations, flushed with victory and stung with injury stay [stop] the hand of vengeance and voluntarily submit their captive enemies to the judgment of the law is one of the most significant tributes that Power has ever paid to Reason.... — Chief Prosecutor Robert H. Jackson, November 21, 1945, Nuremberg The wrongs referred to in this passage include the (1) occupation of Ethiopia by Italy (2) invasion of Afghanistan by the Soviet Union (3) mass murder of Jews and others in concentration camps (4) deaths of American soldiers during the Bataan Death March The speaker maintains that the guiding principle of the trial will be the (1) payment of reparations (2) denial of responsibility (3) celebration of victory (4) judgment of the law
(3) prevent the spread of communism
The purpose of both the Truman Doctrine and the Marshall Plan was to (1) support the construction of the Iron Curtain (2) increase membership in the United Nations (3) prevent the spread of communism (4) attempt to solve world hunger
(4) provide for economic recovery in Western Europe
The purpose of the Marshall Plan was to (1) restore Japanese economic development (2) provide military aid to Middle Eastern allies (3) assure nationalist success in the Chinese civil war (4) provide for economic recovery in Western Europe
(4) western boundary of Soviet domination in Europe during the Cold War
The term iron curtain refers to the (1) scars left on the land by the trenches of World War I (2) no-fly zone in northern Iraq after the Persian Gulf War (3) border established between India and Pakistan after World War II (4) western boundary of Soviet domination in Europe during the Cold War
(1) democracy
The use of the Marshall Plan in Western Europe after World War II strengthened the forces of (1) democracy (2) communism (3) isolationism (4) autocracy
(3) Brezhnev - Detente and the invasion of Afghanistan
Which Soviet leader is correctly paired with his major policies and achievements (1) Stalin - introduction of democratic and capitalist reforms (2) Khrushchev - creation of Eastern European satellite states and establishment of a totalitarian dictatorship (3) Brezhnev - Detente and the invasion of Afghanistan (4) Gorbachev - launch of Sputnik and suppression of the Hungarian Revolt
(1) containment
Which United States foreign policy was used to maintain the independence of Greece and Turkey after World War II? (1) containment (2) neutrality (3) nonalignment (4) militarism
(2) Citizens experienced more personal freedoms under glasnost.
Which action occurred in the Soviet Union under Mikhail Gorbachev? (1) Peasants were forced onto collective farms. (2) Citizens experienced more personal freedoms under glasnost. (3) The United States and the Soviet Union ended diplomatic relations. (4) The Soviet government increased its control over the Orthodox Church.
(1) heavy industry
Which aspect of the economy was emphasized in Joseph Stalin's five-year plans? (1) heavy industry (2) consumer goods (3) famine relief (4) private landownership
(3) Fidel Castro forcibly took power in Cuba.
Which development in the history of Cuba occurred first? (1) The United States imposed a naval quarantine against Cuba. (2) The Soviet Union built missile sites in Cuba. (3) Fidel Castro forcibly took power in Cuba. (4) The communist government in Cuba seized foreign properties.
(4) naval blockade of Cuba (1962)
Which event illustrates the policy of containment? (1) Nuremberg trials (1945-1946) (2) Hungarian revolt (1956) (3) launching of Sputnik (1957) (4) naval blockade of Cuba (1962)
(2) Poland, Czechoslovakia, Hungary
Which group of countries became Soviet satellites after World War II? (1) France, Spain, Great Britain (2) Poland, Czechoslovakia, Hungary (3) Switzerland, Austria, Belgium (4) Turkey, Greece, Italy
(3) Mikhail Gorbachev
Which leader's policies included glasnost and perestroika? (1) Fidel Castro (2) Nikita Khrushchev (3) Mikhail Gorbachev (4) Deng Xiaoping
(1) West Germany
Which of the following countries developed a democratic government and experienced an economic boom after WWII? (1) West Germany (2) Cuba (3) North Korea (4) East Germany
(2) Ethnic tensions and conflict continue to be a problem in much of the region.
Which statement about the Balkan Peninsula since 1995 is most accurate? (1) Bosnia-Herzegovina and Croatia are now both controlled by Yugoslavia. (2) Ethnic tensions and conflict continue to be a problem in much of the region. (3) Slobodan Milosevic of Serbia became the first democratically elected leader of the region. (4) The Balkan Peninsula has become one of the most prosperous regions in Europe.
(2) The goal of the European Union is to improve the economic prosperity of Europe.
Which statement about the European Union (EU) is most accurate? (1) The European Union dissolved because of disagreements among its members. (2) The goal of the European Union is to improve the economic prosperity of Europe. (3) Some nations are now being forced to become members of the European Union. (4) The European Union has recently expanded to include North African nations.
(3) The membership of the United Nations has increased since its formation.
Which statement about the United Nations is a fact rather than an opinion? (1) The United Nations has too many committees to be effective. (2) The United Nations would be more efficient if its headquarters moved to Europe. (3) The membership of the United Nations has increased since its formation. (4) The United Nations has successfully met most of its goals.
(2) Repressive action was taken to end both protests.
Which statement is accurate about the Hungarian Revolution in 1956 and the Tiananmen Square demonstrations in 1989? (1) These events led to democratic reforms. (2) Repressive action was taken to end both protests. (3) Strong action was taken by the United Nations. (4) Both events brought communist governments to power.
(3) Cold War Confrontations
Which title best completes the partial outline below? I. ______________________________ A. Berlin blockade B. Cuban missile crisis C. Vietnam War (1) Path to World War I (2) Victories for Democracy (3) Cold War Confrontations (4) Terrorism in the 20th Century
(4) Cold War
• Berlin airlift • Cuban missile crisis • Nuclear arms race These events were part of an era known as the (1) Age of Imperialism (2) Scientific Revolution (3) Enlightenment (4) Cold War
(3) the Cold War
• Creation of NATO (North Atlantic Treaty Organization) and the Warsaw Pact • Construction of the Berlin Wall • Cuban missile crisis These events are most closely associated with (1) World War I (2) World War II (3) the Cold War (4) the Persian Gulf War
