College board: Unit 2 AP Biology

Dialysis tubing is permeable to water molecules but not to sucrose. Four dialysis tubes are half filled with 5 percent, 10 percent, 20 percent, and 40 percent sucrose solutions, respectively, and two dialysis tubes are half filled with distilled water. The dialysis tubes are all sealed at both ends, and the initial masses are determined. Five dialysis tubes are placed into beakers containing distilled water, and the sixth dialysis tube, containing distilled water, is placed into a 40 percent sucrose solution. The masses of the dialysis tubes are recorded at 30-minute intervals for 90 minutes, as shown in the table below. To model a plant cell, a permeable, nonflexible case is placed around each piece of dialysis tubing. The greatest pressure potential will develop within dialysis tube number...

4

Dialysis tubing is permeable to water molecules but not to sucrose. Four dialysis tubes are half filled with 5 percent, 10 percent, 20 percent, and 40 percent sucrose solutions, respectively, and two dialysis tubes are half filled with distilled water. The dialysis tubes are all sealed at both ends, and the initial masses are determined. Five dialysis tubes are placed into beakers containing distilled water, and the sixth dialysis tube, containing distilled water, is placed into a 40 percent sucrose solution. The masses of the dialysis tubes are recorded at 30-minute intervals for 90 minutes, as shown in the table below. The contents of which dialysis tube are initially isotonic to the distilled water in the beaker?

5

Dialysis tubing is permeable to water molecules but not to sucrose. Four dialysis tubes are half filled with 5 percent, 10 percent, 20 percent, and 40 percent sucrose solutions, respectively, and two dialysis tubes are half filled with distilled water. The dialysis tubes are all sealed at both ends, and the initial masses are determined. Five dialysis tubes are placed into beakers containing distilled water, and the sixth dialysis tube, containing distilled water, is placed into a 40 percent sucrose solution. The masses of the dialysis tubes are recorded at 30-minute intervals for 90 minutes, as shown in the table below. A net movement of water into the beaker occurs in which of the following dialysis tubes?

6

Aquaporins are channel proteins that facilitate the transport of water across the cell membrane. One group of researchers hypothesizes that without functional aquaporins, no water will be able to enter the cell. A different group proposes an alternative hypothesis, stating that even with nonfunctional aquaporins, a small amount of water will still cross the cell membrane. An experiment is set up in which plant cells with mutated (nonfunctional) aquaporins and plant cells with normally functioning aquaporins are both placed in distilled water. Which of the following data would support the alternative hypothesis?

Cells with functional aquaporins exhibit low turgor pressure and are hypertonic.

Site of glucose synthesis

Chloroplast/ mitochondria (know in a diagram what is what organelle/ function)

The manner in which several different ions and molecules move through a cell membrane is shown in the diagram below. For each ion or molecule, the relative concentration on each side of the membrane is indicated. Which of the following accurately describes one of the movements taking place? a) glucose is transported into the cell by active transport b) Na+ is transported into the cell by active transport c) the movement of glucose through the membrane requires ATP hydrolysis d) NA+ transport out of the cell requires ATP hydrolysis

D

Site of modification and packaging of proteins and lipids prior to export from the cell

Golgi apparatus (diagram)

A cell is treated with a drug that prevents the formation of new lysosomes. The cell continues to transcribe the genes that code for the hydrolytic enzymes that are normally found in lysosomes and continues to translate the mRNAs for those proteins on membrane-bound ribosomes. The Hydolytic enzymes are most likely to accumulate in which of the following cellular structures.

Golgi complex

The diagram illustration shows the active transport of hydrogen ions through a membrane protein. Which of the following best predicts the effect of not having ATP available to supply energy to this process?

H+ ions will stop moving through the protein

The active transport pump used to move sodium ions across the membranes of fill cells in a freshwater fish has each of the following characteristic EXCEPT

It uses osmosis to carry sodium ions into the cell

Carbon dioxide is most likely enter a cell through which process?

Simple diffusion through the membrane

Which of the following statements best supports the claim that certain organelles within eukaryotic cells evolved from free-living prokaryotic cells?

Some organelles contain their own DNA that is more similar to prokaryotic DNA in structure and function than to the eukaryotic DNA found in the cell's nucleus.

Cholesterol is an important component of animal cell membranes... Based on the information presented, which of the following is the most likely explanation for a buildup of cholesterol molecules in the blood of an animal?

The animals body cells are defective in endocytosis

the following question refers to an experiment in which a dialysis tubing bag is filled With a mixture of 3% glucose and 3%. Starch placed in a beaker of distilled water, as shown below. After 3 hours, glucose can be detected in the water outside the dialysis tubing bad, but starch cannot. which of the following best describes the condition expecte after 24 hours?

The bag will contain more water than it did in the original condition

Individuals with an inherited autosomal recessive disorder called primary ciliary dyskinesia (PCD) often have severe respiratory problems due to defective cilia. Males with PCD are often sterile because they produce sperm with defective flagella. Which of the following most likely explains the effect of the recessive allele?

The cells do not produce functional motor proteins in flagella and cilia

In an experiment, the efficiency of oxygen exchange across the plasma membrane is being assessed in four artificial red blood cells. The table above lists some properties of those artificial cells. Other conditions being equal, which artificial cell is predicted to be the most efficient in exchanging oxygen with the environment by diffusion?

The cubodial cell

the following question refers to an experiment in which a dialysis tubing bag is filled With a mixture of 3% glucose and 3%. Starch placed in a beaker of distilled water, as shown below. After 3 hours, glucose can be detected in the water outside the dialysis tubing bad, but starch cannot. What the best conclusion we can make from this data?

The initial concentration of the glucose in the bag is higher than the initial concentration of starch in the bag

Liver cells manufacture glycoproteins, while adipose cells store fat. Which of the following subcellular structures is likely to be more prominent in liver cells than in adipose cells? Golgi apparatus The figure shows a process by which a cell might absorb food from its surrounding environment and break it down for use as a source of energy and matter. The process involves lysosomes, which are membrane-bound organelles that contain hydrolytic enzymes. Activation of the hydrolytic enzymes requires an acidic pH, and lysosomes maintain an internal acidic pH by using ion pumps. Which of the following outcomes will most likely result from a loss of ion pump function in the cell's lysosomes?

The internal pH of the lysosomes will decrease, which will prevent the activation of hydrolytic enzymes and interfere with the intracellular digestion of food.

The diagram above represents a typical rod-shaped bacterium. Which of the following best describes a feature shown in the diagram that is unique to archaea and bacteria?

The organism does not have a nuclear membrane surrounding its genetic material

the figure below illustrates a eukaryotic cell. Which of the following best describes how the three structures indicated by the arrows work together?

To synthesize and isolate proteins for secretion or for use in the cell

Site of transport of materials into and out of the cell

cell membrane

which of the following groups of cellular components are found in eukaryotic cells but not prokaryotic?

endoplasmic reticulum, mitochondria, nucleus

what evolutionary advantage does compartmentalization of core metabolic process offer eukaryotes?

evolution of the nucleus in eukaryotes separates the process of transcription and translation so they can be regulated separately

Liver cells manufacture glycoproteins, while adipose cells store fat. Which of the following subcellular structure is likely to be more prominent in liver cells than in adipose cells?

golgi apparatus

The organelle that is the major producer of ATP and is found in both heterotrophs and autotrophs is

mitochondrion

all of the following cell components are found in prokaryotic cells EXCEPT:

nuclear envelope

the primary function of the kidneys is to exchange molecules across a membrane between the blood and the urine. one type of kidney cell has a basic rectangular shape, except for a single surface, which is lined with tiny finger like projections that extend into the surrounding the extra cellular space. which of the following best explains the advantage these projections provide the cell

the projections increase the surface area to volume ratio of the cell which allows for a more efficient nutrient exchange.