COM 100

We can communicate ownership of our emotions through the use of what type of language? - "I" language - "You" language - Emotional contagion - "We" language

"I" language

Gestures

- Adaptors - Emblems - Illustrators

A person's motivation for communicating with people from other cultures and fostering intercultural relationships may occur: (Select all that apply.) - Intrinsically: motivation my intercultural communication a voluntary, rewarding, and lifelong learning process - Extrinsically: motivation for intercultural communication is driven by an outside reward like money, power, or recognition - Organically: motivation for intercultural communication is driven by human curiosity

- Intrinsically: motivation my intercultural communication a voluntary, rewarding, and lifelong learning process - Extrinsically: motivation for intercultural communication is driven by an outside reward like money, power, or recognition

According to the reading, stereotypes are______________. (Select all that apply.) - Positive or negative - Judgments made about others on the basis of their group membership - Mistakes our brains make in the perception of other people - Only positive - Only negative

- Positive or negative - Judgements made about others on the basis of their group membership - Mistakes our brains make in the perception of other people

Two ways to help us learn more about our blind area of our identity are engaging in perception checking and - Soliciting feedback from others - Social comparison - Writing in a diary - Watching tv

- Soliciting feedback from others - Writing in a diary - Social comparison - Watching tv

People usually first learn about gender and culturally appropriate gender behaviors - When they enter school - In adolescence - As babies - Around three years of age

- When they enter school - In adolescence - As babies - Around three years of age

Personal space

1.5-4 feet

Public space

12 feet or more

Social space

4-12 feet

At what age can babies associate some words with a corresponding behavior? - 2-4 months - 6 months - 8-10 months - 11-12 months

6 months

Ad hominem is - The title of the first book written about rhetoric - A form of persuasion found in advertisements - A form of argument that attacks a person's character rather than their argument - A form of inductive proud that uses statistics

A form of argument that attack's a person's character rather than their argument

A non-artistic proof is - A speech that lacks style and charisma - A fallacy of reasoning - A means persuasion, like threats of violence, that take little skill - When a speaker mis-speaks and says the wrong thing

A means of persuasion, like threats of violence, that take little skill

If you know how to study well for an exam, but you are not able to actually exercise that knowledge when it comes time for your finals, you lack what part of the definition of communication competence? - Cognitive Hinderance - Knowledge - Ability to adapt to various context - Ability to use

Ability to use

_____________ are distinct styles of pronunciation. - Accents - Dialects - Linguistic disruptions - Code-switchings

Accents

Raj is in the classroom waiting to take the final exam for his COM100 class. He is feeling anxious and subconsciously clicks his pen and shakes his legs. Gestures such as clicking pens and shaking legs are also known as _____ in the study of nonverbal communication. - Moderators - Adaptors - Emblems - Illustrators

Adaptors

Culturally appropriate gender performances are communicated through - Toys - Media - Peer Pressure - All of the above

All of the above

Ethnicity and communication are often related through - Family Traditions - Language - Ways of being in the world - All of the above

All of the above

For print to become a mass medium, in addition to the technology of the press, you also need - A large literal population - An efficient distribution system - Government regulations that don't overly limit what can be printed - All of the above

All of the above

How is deception defined in the study of human communication? a. Altering information to influence another person b. Exaggerating information to influence another person c. Omitting information to influence another person d. Both (a) and (b) only e. All of the above

All of the above

Religious identities can be communicated through - Ceremonies - Families - Text - All of the above

All of the above

The performance of identity is influenced by all of the following except - Power - Ethics - Language - All of the above influence the performance of identity

All of the above influence the performance of identity

Which question is NOT one asked by a critical or cultural studies approach to media? - Who is missing from this view of the world? - Who benefits if we see the world this way? - What is considered normal in this text? - All of these questions are asked

All of these questions are asked

A syllogism is - An example of deductive reasoning - The effect of causal reasoning - A red herring - A case of inductive reasoning

An example of deductive reasoning

A downside of the New Media era is - The standardization of language - Timeshiffting - The separation of communication from transportation - An increase in surveillance of your daily life

An increase in surveillance of your daily life

The best metaphor for thinking about the process of self-disclosure as it unfolds in a relationship is what? - An orange - An onion - A garden salad - A melting pot

An onion

Ethnicity refers to a person's - Skin Color - Ancestral Heritage - Nationality - Race

Ancestral Heritage

Fear of anxiety experienced by a person due to actual or imagined communication with another person or persons is known as communication what? - Stress - Climates - Incompetence - Apprehension

Apprehension

Paul is dressing for a job interview at a major bank. He intentionally selects clothing that covers up his tattoos. In addition, he removes his studded wristband and chooses to wear a leather-strapped watch instead. In this scenario, Paul is using _______ to express a select aspect of his identity to his interviewers. - Immediacy behaviors - Artifacts - Paralanguage - Tie signs

Artifacts

Personal, social or cultural identities that are placed on us by others and function as labels are called - Favored - Cognitive - Avowed - Ascribed

Ascribed

Which conflict management style results from a low concern for self and a low concern for the other? - Competing - Compromising - Avoiding - Accommodating

Avoiding

When mass media bring audiences together around a common event or value, what function does this serve? - Gatekeeping - Bonding - Diversion - Instructive

Bonding

A speaker who makes an argument that building a new power plant will increase pollution in the region is most likely using what sort of reasoning? - Deductive - Slippery slope - Causal - Inductive

Causal

At the most basic level, one's national identity is usually based on - Political Affiliations - Citizenship - Genetic History - Ethnicity

Citizenship

Which aspect of communication is indicated when we state that we intentionally create messages to achieve certain goals that help us function in society and our relationships? - Communication is ubiquitous - Communication is irreversible - Communication is strategic - Communication is intentional

Communication is strategic

Liling is flirting with Leslie. She says to Leslie: "You can't do anything right!" in a mean tone but she follows that up with a wink. In this example, Liling's nonverbal cue function to ___________ verbal communication - Reinforce - Substitute - Contradict - Regulate

Contradict

If an individual uses informal language during a professional job interview, they might hurt their ________________. - Credibility - Argumentativeness - Identity - Agreeableness

Credibility

______________ is a theory that links mass media content with the acquisition of stereotypes, attitudes, and values that are already present in a culture. - Cultivation theory - Profiling theory - Ethnocentrism theory - Intercultural theory

Cultivation theory

This is the building of frustration or anger that occurs over time. - Kitchen sinking - Cumulative annoyance - Aggression accumulation - Serial arguing

Cumulative annoyance

Expressing observations in a descriptive rather than evaluative way can lessen ______________? - Defensiveness - Appropriateness - Effectiveness - Competence

Defensiveness

When it comes to self-disclosure, __________ refers to how personal or sensitive the information is, and __________ refers to the range of topics discussed. - Depth; Breadth - Breadth; Depth - Intimacy; Conversation - Range; Intimacy

Depth; Breadth

_____________ are versions of languages that have distinct words, grammar, and pronunciation. - Linguistic disruptions - Accents - Code-switchings - Dialects

Dialects

Race is - Skin Color - A Biological Fact - Difficult, if not impossible, to define - Universally defined through science

Difficult, if not impossible, to define

The most effective way to develop knowledge about other cultures is by _____________________. - Reading and doing research about other cultures - Cultivation theory and access to media representations of other cultures - Direct and thoughtful encounters with other cultures

Direct and thoughtful encounters with other cultures

Ruth is walking her dog at night. While walking her dog, she focuses her listening on a dark part of the back alley to determine if the noise she just heard presents her with any danger. In this scenario, Ruth's behavior is best described as a type of __________ listening. - Critical - Empathic - Informational - Discriminative

Discriminative

What are the sociocultural norms that influence emotional expression? - Affects - Scripts - Display rules - Cultural boundaries

Display rules

Discussing race in the United States is difficult because - Many people are not sure what words to use to describe race - People often fear sounding racist - Ascribing a racial category on another person could be disrespectful - Each of the above contributes to the difficulty

Each of the above contributes to the difficulty

Communication competence refers to the knowledge of communication patterns that are ______________ and appropriate. - Effective - Helpful - Practical - Useful

Effective

The course textbook discusses some key differentiations between nonverbal communication and verbal communication. Which of the following is true, according to the course textbook? - Nonverbal communication evolved after verbal communication to provide a survival function for the human species - Emotions are communicated more through nonverbal communication than through verbal communication - Nonverbal communication is primarily governed by the left side of the brain whereas verbal communication is primarily governed by the right side of the brain - Nonverbal communication is more voluntary than verbal communication

Emotions are communicated more through nonverbal communication than through verbal communication

Which US President was known for his radio broadcasts, called Fireside Chats? - R. Nixon - H. Truman - F.D. Roosevelt - J.F. Kennedy

F.D. Roosevelt

According to the course textbook, in the study of human communication, we consider nonverbal communication to be the opposite of verbal communication. True/False

False

According to the course textbook, listening and hearing are not the same thing. Hearing is the cognitive process of processing the stimuli taken in during listening. True/False

False

According to the video lecture, all nonverbal behaviors are a form of nonverbal communication. True/False

False

According to the video lecture, sign language is a form of vocalized nonverbal communication. True/False

False

Being unaware that you are communicating in an incompetent manner is known as conscious incompetence. True/False

False

Conflict is always unproductive. True/False

False

Culture is represented only in two of the eight components of communication: context and environment. True/False

False

Each culture is different and unique to some degree. However, the one thing all cultures have in common is the display of emotions. True/False

False

People who speak the same language experience culture in the same way, no matter their various intersecting cultural identities and personal experiences. True/False

False

Sexual preference is the term preferred to sexual orientation. True/False

False

Which of the following is an interpersonal reason for not self-disclosing? - Having a headache - Fear of losing the relationship - Being distracted - Deeming the information relevant to the relationship

Fear of losing relationship

The most difficult form of verbal expression is expressing what? - Feelings - Needs - Thoughts - Observations

Feelings

Words used to describe sexual identity include all of the following except - Gay - Straight - Feminine - Bisexual

Feminine

Group communication involves achieving a shared ____________. - Harmony - Identity - Goal - Message

Goal

People with ____________ levels of interpersonal communication skills are better able to adapt to stress and have greater satisfaction in relationships and more friends. - Moderate - Higher - Lower - Fluctuating

Higher

Research has shown that the quantity of conflict in a relationship is not as important as what? - Each party's level of communication competence - Each person's level of self monitoring - How the conflict is handled - The personalities of each party involved

How the conflict is handled

A sign that resembles its object is called what? - Symbol - Metaphor - Icon - Index

Icon

Which type of sign has a physical connection with its object? - Metaphor -Icon - Index - Symbol

Index

In ________________, business conversations may begin with discussions of the weather, family, or themes other than business as the partners gain an idea of each other before the topic of business is raised. - Low-power culture - High-power culture - Indirect culture - Direct cultures

Indirect cultures

Communicating to get things done is what type of communication goals? - Relationship-maintenance - Instrumental - Health - Self-presentation

Instrumental

Influencing others, getting information we need, or getting support are common examples of what? - Physical Needs - Instrumental Needs - Relational Needs - Communication Needs

Instrumental Needs

Sexual identity is communicated through all of the following except - Verbal Statements - Intuition - Behaviors - Ceremonies

Intuition

Why might collectivistic cultures view expressions of positive emotion negatively? - It might disrupt group harmony - It distracts people from they work - One might look idiotic - It increases anxiety levels

It might disrupt group harmony

Monosemic words have only one use in a ______________. - Culture - Language - Relationship - Introduction

Language

Poor ______________ skills were shown to contribute significantly to failure in a person's first year of college - Speaking - Study - Listening - Relational

Listening

The course materials discuss several facets of the phenomenon of listening. Which of the following is NOT true about listening, as discussed in this course? - Visual cues are a part of listening - Listening is a process with a well-defined start and finish - Listening involves hearing but it goes beyond merely hearing the message - The stages of the listening process are receiving, interpreting, recalling, evaluating, and responding

Listening is a process with a well-defined start and finish

A culture that places emphasis on external goods and services as a representation of self, power, and social rank is_____. - Relationship-oriented - Materialist-oriented - Low-power culture - High-power culture

Materialist-oriented

The idea that the media from one country can dominate the culture of another country is referred to as - Media imperialism - Hypodermic needle theory - Cultivation theory - Deregulation

Media imperialism

Lin is watching a video on YouTube at the public library. According to the course textbook, the video that Lin is watching is also known as the __________ in the communication process. - Message - Participant - Channel - Context

Message

Gino is talking to his professor about his performance in the class and concerns about his grade. The professor, however, regularly breaks off eye contact and looks anxiously at her office door. In doing so, she is sending a message that could be perceived as disinterest despite that fact that the overall message she probably wants to encode is one of care and concern. According to the course textbook, the professor needs to practice greater ___________ if she wishes to come across as caring towards her students. - Conversation regulation - Message congruence - Haptics - Chronemics

Message congruence

Words that have just been recently established into linguistic existence are called ____________. - Neologism - Commissives - Contranyms - Palindromes

Neologism

Media that empower viewers to take more control of their consumption and production of media are found in which mass media age? - Print Era - Electronic Era - Manuscript Era - New Media

New Media

Body language is a _______ example of ___________ communication. - Vocal; verbal - Nonvocal; nonverbal - Vocal; nonverbal - Nonvocal; verbal

Nonvocal; nonverbal

Vocal signature (Vocalic)

Our tone of voice can be controlled somewhat with pitch, volume, and emphasis, but each voice has a distinct quality

Jared puts considerable time into preserving memories and keepsakes in scrapbooks and photo albums. He also enjoys reminiscing about the past and reuniting with old friends. According to the textbook, individuals like Jared have a _____________ . - Monochronic orientation - Vocal signature - Past-time orientation - Primary territoriality

Past-time orientation

"Small talk" or scripted and routine verbal interactions that are intended to establish social bonds rather that actually exchange meaning are called______________. - Dyadic Communication - Phatic Communication - Rhetorical Communication - Programmatic Communication

Phatic Communication

Erika is listening to her professor discuss the details of quantum physics. She finds it difficult to concentrate during the lecture because she did not get sufficient sleep last night and is now feeling irritable and sleepy. According to the video lecture, Erika is having trouble receiving the messages sent by the professor because of __________ noise. - Semantic - Cultural - Environmental - Psychological

Phychological

In individualistic cultures, there is often a cultural expectation that people will exhibit what type of emotions? - Positive - Abundant - Negative - Minimal

Positive

Negative feelings toward a group as a whole or toward an individual because he or she belongs to a group is called - Inflection - Cognitive Disease - Acculturation - Prejudice

Prejudice

The concern that mass media provided a powerful means for politicians to influence a vulnerable audience was a concern about - Propaganda - Cultivation - The filter bubble - Gatekeeping

Propaganda

Jewish, Muslim, Catholic, and Baptist are examples of what type of identity? - Religious - Ethnic - Spiritual - National

Religious

Paula is in an argument with her roommate. While her roommate explains her side of the story, Paula is already rehearsing what she is going to say next to show that her roommate's perspective is wrong. In this scenario, Paula is experiencing a barrier to effective listening, also referred to in the textbook as _____________ . - The difference between speech and thought rate - Bad message or speaker - Response preparation - Lack of listening preparation

Response preparation

According to the reading, one reason we should study intercultural communication is to foster greater _____________ which means _____________. Our thought process regarding culture is often "other focused," meaning that the culture of the other person or group is what stands out in our perception. - Self-awareness; become more aware of our own culture by better understanding other cultures and perspectives - Other-awareness; that our perception on other cultures stands out in our perception

Self-awareness; become more aware of our own culture by better understanding other cultures and perspectives

In Western societies, public communication is more ___________ focused than interpersonal or group communication. - Receiver - Sender - Credibility - Goal

Sender

Janet was invited to her boss's birthday party and she decides to dress formally for it. When she arrives at the party, she sees that everyone is dressed casually, in jeans. She immediately feels very self-conscious about arriving in formal attire. In this example, Janet is reacting to the _________ of the dress code at the birthday party. - Social Norm - Social Rule - Relational Context - Cultural Context

Social Norm

Susan is meeting with a business client for the first time. They begin the meeting with a formal handshake to signal goodwill. According to the course textbook, the handshake in this scenario is an example of _________ touch. - Functional-professional - Social-polite - Love-intimacy - Friendship- warmth

Social-polite

A police officer is directing traffic at the stop sign. She does not speak but instead, uses hand gestures to signal to drivers on whether to stop or to go. In this scenario, the police officer is using nonverbal communication to _________ verbal communication. - Contradict - Substitute - Reinforce - Regulate

Substitute

Rhetoric is - Empty promises politicians make to win voters - An ancient writing style - The art of persuasion - The study of ancient insects

The art of persuasion

Which has been an effect of media deregulation? - An increase in media owned by minorities - The merger of many media companies into a handful of large, powerful corporations - A greater separation of media content distributed online vs that distributed over cable or broadcast - An increase in local news production

The merger of many media companies into a handful of larger, powerful corporations

Which of the following is NOT true about the transaction model of communication? - This model suggests that participants alternate positions as sender and receiver - This model accounts for contextual influences outside of a single interaction, such as the social, relational, and cultural contexts that frame and influence our communication encounters - This model includes feedback and noise in its conceptualization of communication - This model begins with the assumption that we don't communicate about our realities. Rather, communication helps to construct our realities

The model suggests that participants alternate positions as sender and receiver

Rhetoric developed because of - The needs of film actors to speak clearly in the first sound motion pictures - The needs of ancient merchants to keep track of inventory - The need of citizens in early Greek democracy to debate public matters - The needs of authoritarian leaders to command their respect

The need of citizens in early Greek democracy to debate public matters

According to the course textbook, nonverbal guidebooks are not effective because _________ . - They do not cover all cultures - They are may not be written by experts; anyone can write a nonverbal guidebook - They are not sufficiently updated - They typically view a nonverbal signal in isolation, similar to how dictionaries separately list denotative definitions of words

They typically view a nonverbal signal in isolation, similar to how dictionaries separately list denotative definitions of words

While discussing their group project, John tells his group members, "Generally speaking, most groups often start projects too late." This is an example of which type of verbal expression? - Thought - Observation - Need - Feeling

Thought

A term used for people whose gender identity or expression do not match the gender they were assigned at birth is - Trans - Aligned - Deviant - Abnormal

Trans

A thought, symbol, and referent represent what? - Semantic pyramid of communication - Symbolic connections - Triangle of meaning - Tripartite model of making sense

Triangle of meaning

Justin is visiting a foreign country as a tourist. He bought a tourist guidebook with important information on the "rules" of nonverbal communication in this new culture. According to the course textbook, although he has a dictionary-like guidebook on commonly used nonverbal signs in this culture, Justin should treat these rules as always relative to the specific persons and social context of the interaction, rather than non-context based rules of interaction. True/False

True

Members of dominant groups are often less motivated toward intercultural communication than members of nondominant groups. True/False

True

Stating ideas clearly, identifying one's communication goals, and listening attentively are skills that professional organizations have identified for college students to be able to do by the time they graduate? True/False

True

We have a tendency to view our own language as a whole more favorably than other languages. True/False

True

When a person wants to substitute an acceptable word for an often offensive, controversial, or unacceptable one that conveys the same or similar meaning, that person may end up using an euphemism. True/False

True

Pete has been studying intercultural communication for several years. He just returned from a two-year sojourn from a foreign country and really finds it easy to communicate successfully without straining to be competent. What stage of competence is he most likely experiencing? - Conscious Incompetence - Unconscious Competence - Conscious Competence - Unconscious Incompetence

Unconscious Competence

Accenting (Vocalic)

Vocalic cues allow us to emphasize particular parts of a message, which helps determine meaning

Substituting (Vocalic)

Vocalic cues can take the place of other verbal or nonverbal cues

Complementing (Vocalic)

Vocalic cues elaborate on or modify verbal and nonverbal meaning

Regulating (Vocalic)

Vocalic cues help regulate the flow of conversations

Contradicting (Vocalic)

Vocalic cues may contradict other verbal or nonverbal signals

Repetition (Vocalic)

Vocalic cues reinforce other verbal and nonverbal cues

Vocalics

anything that contributes to the creation or maintenance of sound in a person's voice

Emblems

gestures that stand for a specific verbal meaning

Adaptors

gestures used to manage anxiety and stress - Self-adaptors: Body language - Object adaptors: Fidgeting

Intimate space

less than 1.5 feet

Illustrators

signals that accompany speech to clarify or emphasize verbal messages

Social-Polite (Haptic)

socially sanctioned touching behaviors help initiate interactions and show that others are included and respected

Verbal fillers (Vocalic)

sounds that fill gaps in our speech as we think about what to say next

Proxemics

study of personal space

Kinesics

the study of body motions as a systematic mode of communication

Haptics

the study of the communicative function of touch

Friendship-Warmth (Haptic)

touch is more important and more ambiguous than at the social-polite level

Love-Intimacy (Haptic)

touch is more personal and is typically only exchanged between significant others, such as best friends, close family members, and romantic partners

Functional-professional (Haptic)

touch is related to a goal or part of a routine professional interaction, which makes it less threatening and more expected

Sexual-Arousal (Haptic)

which is the most intimate form of touch, as it is intended to physically stimulate another person