Com 102 Ch 1

Which of these is NOT an example of a regulative rule?

"The word she refers to someone who is female."

Which of these statements is the BEST example of positivity?

"This lasagna is delicious, and I really appreciate the time you put into this meal."

Which of these is an example of an expressive speech act?

"I want to thank you again for all of your hard work at the conference today."

Maurice is telling his friend Paul about the calculus exam he just took. Which of these thinking patterns indicates Maurice is engaging in critical self-reflection?

"I wonder if Paul thinks I'm bragging right now." This reveals Maurice's self-awareness because he is considering his thoughts, feelings, and behavior as he talks with Paul about the exam.

Which of these is an example of a belief?

"I'm an honest person." This is a belief because it is a conviction that something is true.

Janice is talking to her friend Melanie about the Russian history exam they have this week. Which of these thinking patterns indicates Janice is engaging in social comparison?

"I'm the best student in my Russian history class." This demonstrates social comparison, as Janice is comparing herself to others in her class.

Which of these statements is an example of an assurance?

"Let's plan to take a road trip to Florida next spring." Talking about future plans and events that you'll share with your romantic partner is a good example of an assurance. With this comment, the speaker is clearly communicating that he or she sees the relationship continuing into the future, which is reassuring.

Which of these is an example of a personal idiom?

"Pookiebear, would you help me set the table?"

The deliberate use of uninformative, untruthful, irrelevant, or vague language for the purpose of misleading others is called:

deception.

Module 3

dum dum dee doo

According to social penetration theory, which of these ranks the three layers of self in order of their intimacy level, FROM LEAST intimate TO MOST intimate?

outermost, intermediate, central

The part of your mind that temporarily houses information while you seek to understand its meaning is called:

short-term memory

Which of these is an example of aggressive listening?

A drama coach challenges his actors to recite their lines from memory, then makes fun of them when they get lines wrong.

In which of these situations is someone presenting a mask?

A panic-stricken mother speaks calmly to her son after he has just broken his leg.

You're meeting several members of your school's English department for the first time and have just met a professor whom you're hoping to impress. The only issue is that the professor has a different idea about personal space than you do, and you're starting to feel uncomfortable. What is the best way to handle these conflicting preferences about personal space?

Adjust your use of space to accommodate the professor's preferences. Ideas about personal space are often cultural and subjective. Unless the professor is acting inappropriately, such as standing so close to you that it feels like intimate space, you should try your best to accommodate his or her preferences because calling attention to your differences will only make you both feel uncomfortable.

Which of these is the BEST example of resource currency?

After a violent storm, Lorna's neighborhood loses electricity, so Lorna takes a flashlight into the garage to turn on her emergency generator.

Which of these is the BEST example of a person communicating his or her dominance?

After arriving at the gate for her plane, Jamie spreads her newspaper, coat, and carry-on bag across three chairs in the waiting area because she wants to sit alone.

Which of these is the BEST example of a mood?

Although her car broke down on her way to class, Catherine feels like everything went as well as it could, and she's sure the rest of the day will be great.] In this example, Catherine is in a good mood. Moods are low-intensity states not caused by particular events that last longer than feelings or emotions. Catherine's overall positive feelings of contentment are not altered by a few negative events.

Which of these scenarios is an example of a self-fulfilling prophecy?

Anna thinks she has a compelling speaking voice and wants to narrate a documentary about Iraq produced by her film class. She eventually tries out for the role of narrator and gets it. Anna was confident in her ability to narrate her class's documentary, and this confidence enabled her to communicate her strengths to the people responsible for assigning the role she wanted.

Jasmine is reading a poem and comes across a line that includes the word "eggshells." Which of these demonstrates Jasmine's connotative meaning for the word "eggshells"?

As she reads the line, Jasmine fondly remembers cracking eggs into a bowl in her grandmother's kitchen.

Which of these is the BEST example of a tactile channel?

Avi, who is visually impaired, reads a message by touching Braille letters with her fingertips. Because Avi uses touch, this is an example of a tactile channel.

Which of these interactions is MOST likely an example of an intimate relationship?

Cory and Jada spend all of their free time together.

________ are typically triggered when a person is bothered by a repeated source of irritation but doesn't confront the issue until his or her anger can no longer be suppressed.

Demand-withdraw patterns

Which of these is an example of social-polite touch?

Denise takes the arm of an elderly woman to help her cross the busy street.

________ involves how deeply into one another's self the partners have penetrated.

Depth

Elise is stranded in a crowded airport terminal after her flight has been delayed. While waiting for her flight, the man sitting next to Elise strikes up a conversation. Considering what you know about dialects, which outcome is most likely?

Elise will have a positive first impression of the man if he shares her dialect.

Which of these is an example of dealing with a conflict through avoidance?

Even though it upsets him, Dan never speaks up for himself when Josh teases him about his lisp.

Which of these is an example of a personality clash?

George is an early riser with a sunny disposition; his roommate Ron, a night owl who likes to sleep in, complains about George's early morning activity.

Which of these is an example of an online post with low warranting value?

Ginny posts Facebook status updates about training for and completing the New York City Marathon, but her name doesn't appear on the list of finishers.

Which of these examples illustrates noise pollution?

Grant and his sister meet for lunch at a café, but because of a loud birthday party in the restaurant, they have difficulty hearing each other

Which of these is an example of a conflict caused by a behavior?

Harold gets upset when Jesse shoves him in line.

Which of these scenarios is the BEST example of someone revealing a central layer of self?

Harold tells his girlfriend Amanda that he doesn't think he'll make a very good father.

Which of these is NOT an example of relational maintenance?

Hiding your feelings because you're embarrassed

The feeling of closeness and union that exists between us and our partners is called:

Intimacy

In which country is it considered perfectly appropriate for men to gaze openly at women?

Italy

Which example BEST demonstrates the component of loving known as caring?

JOrdan makes sarah her favorite meal and is concerned if she will be late

Jack is caught cheating on a Spanish test and loses face. What does this mean?

Jack's behavior contradicted his public self.

Which of these scenarios BEST demonstrates attachment?

Jake rearranges his schedule so that he can eat lunch with Lauren each day and walk her to and from class.

Liam and his brother Jake are arguing over whose turn it is to walk their dog Buster. Which statement suggests that their conflict has escalated?

Jake says, "You are always trying to get out of doing your chores around here, and I'm sick of it!"

Which of these is the BEST example of local management?

Jana and Clarice chat about their week over coffee, bringing each other up to date on their school and personal lives.

Janice and Pete are working on a class presentation together. In which of these situations are they MOST likely to experience a conflict?

Janice arranges a third meeting time with Pete after he fails to show up at their first two meetings.

Which of these is the BEST example of the autonomy versus connection relational dialectic?

Jared and Myra are dating and have been spending so much time together that Jared decides to take a weekend on his own to remind himself what he liked to do before he met Myra. This is a good example of the autonomy versus connection dialectic. If we come to feel so connected to our partners that our individual identity seems to dissolve, we may choose to pull back and reclaim some of our autonomy, as Jared does in this example.

Which of these is the BEST example of liking?

Jeffrey is very fond of his friend Anna and admires her optimism and honesty.

Karen has plans with her best friend for a beach weekend. On her way to the beach, Karen's boyfriend Todd calls her to say that he has to fly home immediately because his father is gravely ill. Which choice is the most effective for Karen if she wants to prioritize her relational goals with Todd?

Karen should offer to cancel her beach plans in order to accompany Todd and support him through his crisis.

Which of these situations is MOST likely to lead to a conflict?

Kerry thinks she's spending more time planning her mother's surprise party than her brother Ben is.

Which of these is MOST likely an example of the initiating stage of a romantic relationship?

Kesha asks her friend Carlos if he knows anything about the man who sits behind them in freshman seminar.

Which of these is the BEST example of naming?

Lawrence chooses to call himself gay when asked about his sexual orientation.

Which of these is the BEST example of a nonverbal display?

Lena gets promoted at work and finds herself with a beaming smile all day. She actually skips in the parking lot at the end of the day.

Louie had a difficult week at work and wants to post a photo to Facebook that conveys his plans for a relaxing, fun weekend. Which of these photos would BEST present this image of Louie?

Louie and friends smiling and standing next to a car, packed for a camping adventure

You're organizing a meet-and-greet for members of a new-mothers support group. Assuming all members of the group are female, and considering what you know about gender and nonverbal communication, what should you do in order to connect with the group?

Maintain eye contact with members as you introduce yourself. Research shows that women are more likely than men to engage in a mutual gaze during interpersonal encounters, especially in same-sex encounters.

Which of these scenarios BEST exemplifies how intercultural communication challenges are not limited to language?

Marco is careful not to use the thumb and index finger touching in the OK sign when he travels to Brazil, because this gesture is considered an obscenity there

Which of these is the BEST example of a situation in which communicating submissiveness would be appropriate?

Margo has just been pulled over for speeding by a state trooper.

Danica and Mark have dated for more than two years and know just about everything about each other, from their favorite bands and foods to their family histories and political beliefs. Yet Mark still feels that some kind of closeness is missing in their relationship. Which of these BEST describes Mark's situation?

Mark desires more intimacy with Danica.

Mark and his girlfriend Kathy are in a conflict about their vacation plans. As their argument escalates, how is Mark MOST likely to respond?

Mark leaves the house in the middle of the argument. Men will often handle conflict with women by downplaying the conflicts or simply leaving the scene instead of seeking constructive resolution.

Which of these is the BEST example of narcissistic listening?

Marta and Jake are discussing fundraising ideas for the campus business club; Jake is very animated when he presents his suggestion, but when Marta brings up an idea, Jake avoids eye contact and becomes quiet and reserved.

Which of these is the BEST example of interactive communication?

Matt and a few of his classmates perform an in-class presentation on the results of their most recent fundraiser. Classroom instruction is an example of interactive communication, wherein feedback from receivers influences the transmission of messages by senders.

Which of these is the BEST example of a mixed message?

Mekhi is frowning and fidgeting when he tells Laurel he's happy to be working with her on their science project.

Ari smiles and waves hello to Mrs. Flynn while placing a large stack of books on her desk. "I have a tiny favor to ask you," he says, gesturing with his index finger and thumb. Mrs. Flynn wipes her hand across her forehead and begins to say, "What is it this time? Your last 'tiny' favor was . . ." Ari then holds up his hand and says, "Let me finish." Which of these behaviors is an example of an adaptor?

Ms. Flynn wipes her hand across her forehead

Which of these is an example of aggressive listening online?

Natalie posts a series of opinionated comments on a message board. Her comments provoke such a heated exchange that the site manager closes the discussion.

Which of these statements about aggressive listening is TRUE?

People with an aggressive listening style tend to have low self-esteem. Research has shown that people who consistently use listening to ambush others typically think less favorably about themselves.

Which of these is the BEST example of feedback?

Phoebe follows along as her friend Susan explains a disagreement she had with her boyfriend, nodding and saying, "I know," at intervals to indicate her support.

Rachel and her boyfriend Rob had an argument about their weekend plans. If Rachel and Rob experience emotions from a Western cultural perspective, which of these is most likely to happen during the argument?

Rachel has difficulty expressing her anger, but Rob doesn't.

Which of these is an example of social exchange theory?

Rebecca is drawn to Tyrell because he is smart, funny, and seems to have a good head on his shoulders. This is a good example of social exchange theory because Rebecca's estimation of Tyrell's benefits (smart, funny, well adjusted) seem to outweigh any costs.

Tips for communicating with verbally aggressive people include all of the following EXCEPT

Retaliate with a personal attack of your own.

Which of these is the BEST example of the transactional communication model?

Ron and his friends meet at the campus café to hash out a plan for their group project. In the transactional model, all parties constantly exchange verbal and nonverbal messages and feedback, collaboratively creating meanings. In this example, the participants influence each other and work collaboratively.

Which of these BEST exemplifies typical gender socialization?

Rory grew up where women had to be nurturing; she studied to become a nurse

Which of these is an example of positive feedback during the listening process?

Sandy leans closer to her brother as he continues his story.

Which of these individuals is employing the self-disclosure skill "Don't make assumptions about gender"?

Sarah shares more with her best friend Carl than she does with her female friends. This is a good example of not making assumptions about gender. Here, Sarah feels closest to her male friend Carl based on who he is as a person. To build this bond with Carl, Sarah had to forgo any gender assumptions and view Carl as an individual.

Your first task as the new manager of a bookstore is speaking with a handful of employees about their inappropriate work attire. Considering the Cooperative Principle, what is the best way for you to address these individuals?

Schedule a face-to-face meeting with each employee.

Rebecca receives a lengthy e-mail from her lab partner detailing some issues she had at the lab that prevented her from completing her portion of the lab assignment and explaining that she will need more time to compete it. Rebecca would best paraphrase her lab partner's e-mail in a response in which of these ways?

She sends an e-mail back to her lab partner in which she says, "It seems like you had a hard time with the lab. Do you need until Friday to finish?

Which of these statements was likely made BEFORE the 1850s?

The teacher carried the books into the house, and then they put them way."

You're walking in the park and stop beneath a shady tree. Which of these statements is most appropriate for the word tree in this example?

The word tree allows you to communicate with others about your experience.

Which of these individuals is employing the self-disclosure skill "Don't force others to self-disclose"?

When Min starts to cry, Jess sits quietly and pats Min's back.

Which of these is the BEST example of a primary emotion?

When Nell was a college junior, her brother died in a car accident and she fell into a depression, feeling extreme grief for months afterward. Grief is the more intense version of sadness, which is one of the primary emotions.

Which of these is the BEST example of selective listening?

When Shelly hears the cell-phone sales clerk say "free after 60 days," she stops listening to the other details and signs her name on the contract.

Which of these is the BEST example of a script?

When she arrives at work each day, Hester calls out, "Another great day!" to the receptionist. This is an example of a normal conversational script, which allows Hester to efficiently exchange greetings with her coworkers.

Which of these is MOST LIKELY to result in passion?

While riding the subway, Tomás meets Julie and thinks she's funny, interesting, and extremely beautiful. This is an example of passion, which is based largely on surprise, but also includes joy, excitement, and sexual attraction.

Which of these is NOT a characteristic of cooperative verbal communication?

You are never critical of others.

Which of these is an example of linear communication?

You text your sister to wish her good luck at her job interview This is an example of linear communication because you're sending a message to a receiver (your sister) without the expectation of creating shared meaning as part of the exchange.

Considering the mere exposure effect, which of these people are you MOST likely to feel a close connection to?

a friend you see every day

Which of these is the BEST example of interpersonal communication?

a lengthy Skype conversation between you and your best friend, who is attending college a few states away

Which of these is an example of a connotative meaning of the word "bear"?

a nickname for your burly brother

According to most scholars, liking another person is a feeling of:

affection.

Janette's friend Trent hugs her in welcome whenever he sees her. Janette isn't sure if this is how Trent greets all of his friends or if he wants to convey some special feeling for her. This is an example of:

ambiguity. Nonverbal communication is more ambiguous than verbal communication. As shown in this example, Janette is not sure of the meaning of Trent's nonverbal communication.

Romantic betrayal is best defined as:

an act that goes against expectations of a romantic relationship and, as a result, causes pain to a partner.

Messages that emphasize how much your romantic partner means to you are called:

assurances.

Logan is feeling jealous because his girlfriend Molly has been chatting and flirting with their classmate Isaac on Facebook and Twitter. Which of these is the BEST response Logan can make in this situation?

avoid communicating with Molly about his jealousy right away

Marley finds herself getting defensive with her roommate, whom she feels is very exacting and critical of her relationship choices. In order to avoid defensive communication, Marley should:

avoid discussing her relationships with her roommate. When you know a particular person or situation is a trigger for defensiveness, you should practice preventive anger management strategies such as encounter avoidance or encounter structuring, which is what Marley does in this example by avoiding the topic of her relationships.

When Chloe sees Scarlett's name on her caller ID, she doesn't answer. Chloe also no longer goes to the coffee shop where Scarlett works. Chloe and Scarlett's relationship is most likely in which stage?

avoiding

Scholars distinguish gender, which is largely learned, from _______, which we're born with.

biological sex

Maddy and Josh go to City Hall and apply for a marriage license in preparation for their upcoming nuptials. Which stage of coming together are they experiencing?

bonding Maddie and Josh are preparing for a wedding, which is an obvious example of bonding. Bonding is a public ritual that announces to the world that two people have made a commitment to one another.

Maintaining eye contact during a communication interaction usually conveys all of the following EXCEPT:

boredom

Although Brenda claims she's a good listener, her friend Myra is skeptical because the two of them have had some misunderstandings in the past. Which of these is the BEST way for Brenda to prove her listening effectiveness?

by accurately remembering what was said later How well someone remembers a message is the best way to prove listening effectiveness. Every scientific measure of listening uses remembering to measure listening effectiveness.

Jared attends a formal reception at which his sister Beth has to give a toast to the guests of honor. Jared knows that Beth is nervous about the toast and wants to offer her support in the form of back-channel cues. Which of these back-channel cues would be LEAST appropriate in this situation?

cheering and clapping during her toast Given the formality of this occasion, cheering or any other noisy displays of support would be the least appropriate way for Jared to show his support for Beth.

Mental maps that describe exactly how communication encounters will unfold are called:

communication plans.

The process that occurs when people perceive that they have incompatible goals is called:

conflict.

Disputes with intimate partners threaten your sense of:

connection.

Jamie and Fred are involved in a long-distance romantic relationship. If Jamie wants to maintain her relationship with Fred and ensure that they remain happy, she should:

contact Fred using text and Skype on a daily basis. Use technology to regularly communicate with your partner while separated can have a significant impact on improving relationship health. Jamie should stay in touch with Fred via such technologies

The social norms governing ________ are powerful.

eavesdropping If people believe that you eavesdropped on a conversation, they most likely will be upset and angry and may even threaten reprisals.

After falling off her horse during a jump, Mary gives the judges a thumbs-up sign. Mary's gesture is an example of a(n):

emblem.

Regina's brother Steve calls to tell her that he and his girlfriend got engaged. Steve shares the story of his proposal, and Regina tells him how happy she is for him. By the end of the conversation, they are both crying tears of joy. Steve and Regina are engaging in:

emotion-sharing.

The ability to interpret emotions accurately and to use this information to manage emotions, communicate them competently, and solve relationship problems is called:

emotional intelligence

When people are faced with mixed messages, their reliance on nonverbal communication:

escalates

Jamie values her financial adviser Cindy because she is the best in her field and has helped Jamie invest her money well. Cindy possesses which type of currency

expertise

Which of these would NOT be considered a form of verbal communication?

gesturing at another driver who cuts into your lane

Which of these destructive messages is an example of a dirty secret?

i've never told you this, but you are a lousy coook

Tara's favorite class is political science because her professor is clear about her expectations for in-class discussions. The professor calls on students in alphabetical order to respond to specific questions on class readings. Tara exhibits:

high self-monitoring.

Kevin prefers to spend his free time with a group of friends, attending sporting events or just hanging out. He copes well with stress and generally has a positive outlook. Which of these BEST describes Kevin's personality

high-extraversion

Martha has a tendency to focus on every bad thing that happens, and her friends think she wastes a lot of time dwelling on and relating her negative emotions rather than on relaxing and trying to see the bright side. Martha is most likely characterized by:

high-neuroticism. High-neurotic people like Martha focus their attention primarily on negative events and report more frequent negative emotions than do low-neurotic people.

Megan and Larry haven't seen each other in weeks, though they have been friends for years. Over winter break, they meet at a café and enjoy a cup of coffee together while they catch up. Their meeting is an example of a(n):

interaction.

Because you do not share a physical context with the people with whom you are communicating, online communication can provide you with a sense of:

invisibility

Paul receives a text message from his lab partner that says, "You messed up this whole lab!" Paul knows he didn't ruin the lab, and he thinks his lab partner should talk to him about it instead of sending him rude messages. Paul responds to his partner in anger, and then they don't speak for a few days. What aspect of online communication most likely contributed to this communication?

invisibility

The process of listening:

involves five stages. The listening process requires five stages: receiving, attending to, understanding, responding to, and recalling sounds and visual images.

The issue of ________ is especially potent for people who face historical and cultural prejudice.

naming

Mark is angry with his roommate Chad. Mark stalks around their apartment, glaring at Chad, but refuses to discuss the situation. Mark is engaging in:

nonverbal displays.

Interaction by means of social networking sites, e-mail, text messages, Skype, and multiplayer video games is called:

online communication.

While talking, Jan and Stephie exchange details about where they both grew up. Considering social penetration theory, the two women are most likely sharing:

outermost layers of self.

Miguel has tried to get his new roommate to open up by sharing information about himself, including his family background and stories about his hometown. Which layer of his self has Miguel shared with his roommate?

peripheral

Emotion is ________, or triggered by our perception of outside events.

reactive

Actively changing how you think about the meaning of emotion-eliciting situations so that their emotional impact is changed is called:

reappraisal.

Your mental standard about your ideal self originates from your:

self

Maggie is motivated to improve her communication skills at school. Which of these is MOST important for her to do?

set a goal to talk in class

According to Abraham Maslow, forming satisfying and healthy emotional bonds with others is an example of which kind of need?

social needs

During which stage of coming apart does each person feel that almost no safe conversational topics remain?

stagnating During the stagnating stage, it may seem that almost no safe conversational topics remain. Each person presumes that communicating is pointless because it will only lead to further problems.

As recently as 20 years ago, our ability to communicate nonverbally was radically restricted by:

technology

Which of these is an example of a direct assurance?

telling your girlfriend, "I love you"

Men have a greater tendency than women to be __________ -oriented listeners.

time In addition to having a slight preference for action-oriented listening, men tend to prefer time-oriented styles.

Bobby is having lunch with his mom. Given that this is a collaborative encounter, Bobby is more likely to use what type of language?

vague and wordy

The exchange of spoken or written language with others during interactions is called:

verbal communication