COM 112 Mayberry - Test 2

High Touch Avoidance

don't like touch

Interpret/Evaluate

listen to an argument - does it make sense?

Physical Appearance

lots of pressure on women about how they should look. also pressure on men (buff, tall, etc.) Important to us

"You" Language

opposite of I language - where you point out what the other person does and attacks the other person ex. "You're a bad boyfriend"

"Actions speak louder than words"

people tend to believe your nonverbals over your verbals, which is why we are terrible at detecting lies - nonverbal is ambiguous. Toddlers read nonverbals.

Territory

sense of ownership of a place even when it's not really yours ex. your seat in class

Rebuttal Tendency

so focused on what you're going to say back that you just missed what the other person said - arguments, close minded people

Hearing

soundwaves hit eardrum, going to happen even if you don't want it to.

Environment

spaces send messages about what is supposed to happen there ex. classroom, doctor's office, clothing stores, restaurants

Static Evaluation

stuck evaluation - when we label someone with a static characteristic ex. Billy is slow.

Informational Listening

students - can't have distractions because you are trying to listen intentionally in order to gain information

Proxemics

study of space. how close you stand next to someone. can be cultural or based on the setting or your relationship with that person. Can be related to power - boss has bigger space

Chronemics

study of time (monochronic and polychronic). Showing up late or early sends a message. also can be related to power and status (ex. you wait for the doctor).

Euphemism

substitute something more direct and clear with something more pleasant and confusing. Can be confusing. ex. "he passed away"

Paraphrasing

summarize in your own words - shows you understand it and lets the other person know you're listening

Polarized (allness)

two poles, good or bad. always and never. 2 extremes - shapes the way that you think. black and white when most things are grey - not reality.

Competitive Interrupting

using interruptions to take control of a conversation

Responding

verbal or non verbal, let other person know you are listening

Active/Reflective Listening

want to let someone know you heard what they said - use when you're not quite sure what to say to someone. we paraphrase and reflect back feelings You don't give advice or tell someone what to do

Territorial Markers

leave stuff somewhere on something to mark it as yours ex. leave back pack on your seat

Maslow & Mintz Study

3 different environments: beautiful room, average room, and ugly room. Divided subjects up and put them into the rooms and then had them rate pictures of people. Beautiful room finished the quickest and had the highest rating and so on.

Olfactics

we like things that smell good. smell is most closely related to memory so it is very powerful

Eye Behaviors

Technically kinesics. We interpret eye movements differently in different cultures (looking someone in the eyes can show disrespect). Can be positive or negative ex. flirting, or "the look" when guilty

Personal Space

a bubble of space to keep around you that changes. largest in the front, smaller on the sides, and smallest in the back. eye contact breaks closeness and arm crossing is a barrier behavior

Slander

a defamatory statement made aloud

Libel

a defamatory statement made in print or in some other fixed medium

Listening

active - requires focus and paying attention. we aren't good at listening because we are never taught how to listen. not all listeners hear the same message

Adapter

adapting to something in the environment - itch, hair flip, pen clicking. all nervous habits

Illustrator

adds to the story - talks with their hands, often used when describing something. Doesn't mean much by themselves. subconscious and culturally related

Conotation

all of the thoughts, feelings, and associations that go along with those words

Inference

an assumption, a way to make sense of things. not facts

Remembering

bad at this, only remember 50% of the things you hear right after you hear it - usually left with an emotional impression

Kinesics

body movements - posture, gestures, etc.

Noise Barrier

can be physical, physiological, or psychological (look back at exam 1 terms)

Nonverbal Communication

communication without words - not silent. voice, facial expressions, body language, etc. Ambiguous

Denotation

dictionary definition

Critical Listening

evaluate what you hear - don't blindly accept everything you hear.

Pupil Size

eyes dilate when you look at something you like. Bigger eyes influence us because it makes us think that they like us.

Pseudolistening

fake listening - act like you're listening when you're not. this can become a bad habit ex. nod, make eye contact, etc.

Low Touch Avoidance

generally okay with touch

Emblem

gesture that does have a direct translation. can vary by culture ex. waving, flipping someone off

Gender Differences and Language

girls play games that involve talking, while boys play games that are more competitive. This sets up how we communicate - feminine people talk while masculine people do things together

Ladder of Abstraction

goes from abstract to specific, used to describe something.

Glazing Over

happens because the brain works too fast - you are listening but your brain has extra time so you go off on a tangent and need to refocus. daydreaming.

Symmetry

having a symmetrical face makes you more attractive

Stages/Parts of Listening

hearing, understanding, remembering, interpret/evaluate, responding

Touch Avoidance

how much we avoid touch. depends on the person, situation, and location.

Vocalics

how quickly or slowly we speak, volume, accents, how smoothly we talk, etc. There are sex differences with this. change when flirty ex. women use more inflection and men are louder.

Sapir-Whorf

hypothesis - link between language and culture. idea that language influences the ways that members of a culture see and think about the world. Many words that mean the same thing. ex. eskimos have many words for snow

Language

is just symbols. "meanings are in people, meanings are not in words"

Understanding

language barriers and not getting it (over your head) can be a problem here

Defamation

language that harms the person's reputation or image

Relative Language (troublesome language)

language that makes it hard for us to understand each other. language that doesn't have a fixed definition ex. old, expensive, fast, early

Reflect Back Feelings

reflect back feelings you see the other person expressing

"I" Language

taking responsibility for your own thoughts and feelings ex. "I'm mad you made fun of me in front of my friends"

Fill in the Gaps

telephone. make stuff up because we don't like to not know. this is how stories get distorted

Confirmation Bias

tendency to pay attention only to information that supports one's values and beliefs while ignoring information that doesnt

Personal Distance

the distance more people maintain with friends and relatives - 1 to 4 feet

Social Distance

the distance most people maintain with casual acquaintances - 4 to 12 feet

Intimate Distance

the distance most people maintain with intimate comments - 0 to 1 feet

Public Distance

the distance most people maintain with the public - 12 to 25 feet

Abstraction

the more abstract you are, there's more room for misunderstanding - vague Vague can be good or bad

Oculesics

the study of eye behavior

Closed-Mindedness

the tendency not to listen to anything that you disagree with

Information Overload

too much too quickly - like a flash flood. Stop remember once you've reached your limit

Haptics (Zero Proxemics)

touch behaviors. can communicate many different things - flirting, comfort, doctor, etc. Ambiguous.

Empathetic Listening

try to see it from the other person's point of view

Dialect

when people from different places have different words for things - different parts of the US