COM 272 Final Exam

Kim's model suggests that 4 things impact adjustment:

1. Communication with BOTH host nationals and people from one's own culture (the latter can help or hurt) 2. Communication in BOTH face-to-face and mediated channels 3. Personality and background variables 4. Level of acceptance by host culture and host culture's pressure on sojourner to adjust

Researchers have described a "W-curve." This refers to: A. A prediction about adaptation: some adapt very well, and others not at all B. A description of what happens when one travels abroad and then returns home C. What happens when someone comes back from another culture Feedback: This is only the last half of the "W" (see figure 12.5) D. How stress when visiting another culture being cyclical: two steps forward and one step back

B. A description of what happens when one travels abroad and then returns home

Participation in civic dialogue and making full use of expressive opportunities to influence deliberative democracy is referred to as A. Politics 2.0 B. Communicative engagement C. Politics D. Civic participation

B. Communicative engagement

If parties in negotiation competitively push for their own goals and agendas with little regard for the other party, this is known as: A. Principled negotiation B. Distributive negotation Feedback: Yes--also called positional negotiation C. Process negotation D. Integrative negotiation

B. Distributive negotation Feedback: Yes--also called positional negotiation

The Green Belt movement: A. Introduced a new, scientific approach to tree planting B. Focused on people's relationship to land, family, government, and future C. Had little real success in promoting change D. Aimed at getting men and women involved in environmental protection

B. Focused on people's relationship to land, family, government, and future

The stage of conflict in which parties are competing for resources or want to control each other's behavior in some way is called: A. Felt conflict B. Latent conflict C. Conflict aftermath D. Manifest conflict E. Perceived conflict

B. Latent conflict

Servant leadership is characterized by: A. Leadership that is so dynamic that many people seek to serve the leader B. Leadership that serves the interests of the followers C. Leadership where groups work together to support city, church, or other administrators D. An individualist spirit and competition

B. Leadership that serves the interests of the followers

In the U-curve, a basic stage model of adjustment, which stage tends to be a period of crisis, emotional stress, and possible physical problems? A. First stage B. Second stage C. Third stage D. Fourth stage

B. Second Stage

You meet someone from another culture and grow close, but why? The following theory says that it is due to how well you think you can predict or explain the other person's behavior: A. Social penetration theory B. Uncertainty reduction theory C. Propinquity D. Similarity-attraction hypothesis

B. Uncertainty reduction theory

You meet someone from another culture and grow close, but why? The following theory says that it is due to how well you think you can predict or explain the other person's behavior: A. Social penetration theory B. Uncertainty reduction theory C. Propinquity D. Similarity-attraction hypothesis

B. Uncertainty reduction theory

Which phase of negotiation involves parties assessing their position, considering what they know of the other parties, and planning out their communication language? A. Outcome phase B. Process phase C. Background phase D. Distributive phase

C. Background phase

Part of the success of the immigrant rights movement is that it: A. Mobilized a large group of illegal immigrants, keeping out the participation from other immigrants, labor groups, and other non-involved parties B. Was able to frame immigrants as human capital, criminal, immoral, and diseased C. Built arguments based on the immigrant history of the U.S. Feedback: Yes, and they combined this with patriotic discourse (e.g., flag-waving) D. Was able to build a peaceful movement using media, rather than protests

C. Built arguments based on the immigrant history of the U.S. Feedback: Yes, and they combined this with patriotic discourse (e.g., flag-waving)

Ting-Toomey introduces notions of "face" to describe what we do in conflict situations. In which of the following would your father-in-law threaten your negative face? A. He says something about you that is embarrassing B. He reminds you that you are still an outsider to his culture C. He tells you how to raise your children D. He tells you that you are as ugly as an orangutan's behind

C. He tells you how to raise your children

Which of these is an example of a dialectical tension? A. Joe and Mary are having an argument, and their relationship is not smooth B. Joe and Mary have found a compromise between total openness and some secrecy C. Joe and Mary both have needs for openness and secrecy, and these needs change from day to day or moment to moment D. Joe and Mary believe in total openness—they tell each other everything

C. Joe and Mary both have needs for openness and secrecy, and these needs change from day to day or moment to moment

The a process of influencing a group of individuals to achieve a common group goal is called: A. Politics 2.0 B. Vernacular discourse C. Leadership D. Persuasion

C. Leadership

When ethnic or immigration/host groups live side by side, it is possible, according to Berry, for someone to be competent in neither culture. He calls this person: A. Separated B. Integrated C. Marginal D. Assimilated

C. Marginal

One writer says that people who return home can become "bridges," managing both abroad and home cultures well, helping others to reduce stereotypes or travel abroad themselves. This describes a(n): A. Adjusted approach B. Resocialized approach C. Proactive approach D. Alienated approach

C. Proactive approach

Mary Jane Collier's work on friendship and ethnicity found, regarding cultural views of friendship, that: A. Expectations for friendship are the same, regardless of your ethnic group B. U.S. White Americans saw a friend as someone who could help with material problems C. U.S. Latino Americans saw a friend as someone you could be emotionally open with D. U.S. African Americans saw a friend as someone you could "be yourself" with

C. U.S. Latino Americans saw a friend as someone you could be emotionally open with

Latent conflict

Competition for goals and power, though before awareness of conflict

Spitzberg and Cupach helped to redefine the notion of communicator competence. By their definition, if you are able to reach task accomplishment (even if you step on lots of cultural toes to do so), this is called: A. Ineffectiveness B. Appropriateness C. Competence D. Effectiveness

D. Effectiveness

Which of the following is not an example of "politics 2.0"? A. When we talk about how Americans should speak English B. The selection of mascots for sports teams C. Getting a driver's license D. Governmental efforts to argue over the creation of laws

D. Governmental efforts to argue over the creation of laws

Ting-Toomey predicts that a collaborative/integrating conflict style will be preferred by: A. Neither collective nor individualist cultures B. Collectivist and individualist cultures equally C. Collectivist cultures D. Individualist cultures

D. Individualist cultures

The term for marrying individuals across racial or ethnic lines is: A. Intermarriage B. Exogamy C. Endogamy D. Miscegenation

D. Miscegenation

According to Fitch's work in Colombia on the salsipuede ritual, you would be an incompetent communicator if you: A. Fail to balance the the notions of hierarchy and connectedness to others while making requests B. Do favors for others to build palanca--the idea of using networks to gain leverage in a bureaucratic system. C. Use the incorrect term of direct address when talking to someone (tú versus Usted) D. Try to leave a party too soon, without letting people keep you there a while

D. Try to leave a party too soon, without letting people keep you there a while

In intergroup or intercultural relationships, the Romeo and Juliet effect refers to: A. When the mystery of a forbidden relationship leads people to fall foolishly in love with someone they barely know B. When partners create their own new culture from elements of each partner's culture C. When partners sneak behind their families' backs to meet because the family forbids it D. When partners feel their relationship must stay strong because of family and society pressure

D. When partners feel their relationship must stay strong because of family and society pressure

Which of the following does Kim use to predict a sojourner's adjustment? A. Aspects of the host culture B. Communication with own culture C. Pressure to conform D. Mass media usage E. All of the above

E. All of the above

Adjustment

Either a broad term for any sort of adjustment (and, thus, too broad), or specifically the psychological level of comfort one feels in a new culture.

Acculturation

Learning of some amount of values, behaviors, ways of thinking--this is too close to assimilation to include as an answer here; the difference between acculturation and assimilation might be one of level, with assimilation being a higher level of adapting of the new culture.

Enculturation

Learning one's culture of origin (e.g., when growing up)

Marginal/marginalization:

Low on both desire for relationships with dominant groups AND maintenance of heritage of own group

Separated/separation:

Low on relationships with dominant; high on maintenance of own group heritage

What was Major Carter?

Majora Carter and the Bronx River Alliance that they built were focused on environment and pollution, and built successful coalitions to address her efforts.

Exogamy

Marrying outside of one's group (referring to any group) = intermarriage

Endogamy

Marrying within one's group (referring to any group) [This term is not in the text, but it makes sense. -gamy is Greek root relating to marriage (e.g., monogamy, pologamy)

Perceived conflict

One or both parties becomes aware of the conflict

Integrated/integration:

High on both relationships with dominant group and maintenance of own heritage

Assimilated/assimilation:

High on relationships with dominant; low on maintenance of own group heritage

Miscegenation

A specific form of intermarriage--between people of perceived ethnic or racial groups. This is the best answer in this case, as it is the most specific.

If a group of immigrants lives in a culture and adapts both the behaviors and underlying ways of thinking of the new culture, this is called: A. Assimilation B. Enculturation C. Deculturation D. Adjustment

A. Assimilation

A revivalist social movement seeks to A. Bring back a past way of doing things seen as ideal B. Implement new values and ideas C. Use religious themes and languages to support its agenda D. Bring new life to a struggling social movement

A. Bring back a past way of doing things seen as ideal

As an example of a social movement, the Green Belt movement: A. Engaged women to fight to protect the environment B. Aimed at reforming how immigrants are treated C. Provided belts for people in developing nations D. Developed a network for community development in the Bronx

A. Engaged women to fight to protect the environment

Majora Carter, who founded the Bronx River Alliance, was not concerned with the following: A. Fighting crime and poverty in the urban sections of the Bronx B. Building a coalition of organizations to work with her in her efforts C. Pollution and its unequal effect on the poor rather than the rich D. Development of green spaces or bicycle trails

A. Fighting crime and poverty in the urban sections of the Bronx

Ward suggests that people might adjust in some ways but not others. Sociocultural adjustment refers to: A. How well one can fit in and get around the culture B. The degree to which one adopts the ways of living and thinking of the new culture C. One's ability to develop relationships in the new culture D. How one deals with issues such as stress and depression

A. How well one can fit in and get around the culture

A nuclear family, according to the text, could be exemplified by: A. Mom, dad, and the kids B. A single-person family (e.g., a bachelor) C. Mom, dad, aunts, uncles, grandparents, and the kids D. A family that lives near a plant where workers develop power through splitting atoms

A. Mom, dad, and the kids

Self-disclosure is important to understand in intercultural relationships because: A. People from different national or ethnic cultures may have different expectations for how much and how deeply to self-disclose B. Issues of race and ethnicity become more important in our relationships as they grow deeper C. Regardless of our culture, we tend to self-disclose in the same ways D. Most people self-disclose more to people from out-groups than from in-groups

A. People from different national or ethnic cultures may have different expectations for how much and how deeply to self-disclose

What does current research suggest about the U-curve and other stage models? A. Research gives small support to the U-curve—only 10-30% might go through the stages in the predicted order and time B. Most people go through the four stages, and it takes about one year to cycle through C. The U-curve is useless—everyone is unique and we cannot predict individual adjustment D. The U-curve has strong support, but there is not another "U" when coming home

A. Research gives small support to the U-curve—only 10-30% might go through the stages in the predicted order and time We cannot discount the U-curve as some research does support that many people go through the suggested stages in the suggested order--there is *some* predictability. But it is not strong enough to say that most people go through the U-curve in the stages and time-frame suggested.

The Chinese notion of kuan-hsi—similar to a concept in Brazil, Spanish-speaking South America, and the Middle East—refers to: A. The building of social networks and connections to help one get through life B. The idea of maintaining the correct behavior in specific relationships: father-son, husband-wife, etc. C. The idea of both giving and receiving within a relationship Feedback: reciprocity D. The idea of keeping others' interests in interaction above one's own

A. The building of social networks and connections to help one get through life

Unlike other forms of conflict, in "negotiation": A. The interaction is bound by business practices, laws, and regulations B. There is more than one party C. The parties hold conflicting interests, values, or expectations D. The conflict may involve loss of face

A. The interaction is bound by business practices, laws, and regulations

A diasporic citizen refers to a person: A. Who is a member of a *group* of people that has left or been displaced from its home B. Is an *individual* has been forced to flee from her or his homeland C. Is anyone who has moved from her or his home to another land with intent to stay D. Is an *individual* who enters a country with no intention of remaining for a long period of time

A. Who is a member of a *group* of people that has left or been displaced from its home The key aspect of disaporas and diasporic citizens is that they are members of whole groups that move from one part of the world to another. These groups often maintain a component of their culture from the home land.

Intermarriage

Any marriage between members of perceived outgroups--could be based on religion, nationality, race, etc.

Communication Competence =

Appropriateness + Effectiveness

Felt conflict

Parties begin to personalize issues, involve egos--the conflict becomes personal

Resocialized approach

Person may adjust quickly to home culture and soon "shed" behaviors and ideas from host culture

Alienated approach

Person misses host culture and may become bitter or ambivalent toward home culture

Proactive approach

Person sees both good and bad in home and host cultures

Social movement messages A. Can be directed outward, to the public, but not inward, to group members B. Tend to lack any sense of organization C. Tend to occur outside of established social institutions D. Do not pursue any moral good

Tend to occur outside of established social institutions

Deculturation

Unlearning one's culture of origin. This is an important part of assimilation/acculturation, but is only focused on the unlearning, not on the adopting of new ways of thinking.

Manifest conflict

We will use this term to refer to when conflict becomes visible through open verbal and/or physical aggression

Conflict aftermath

When the parties evaluate the productiveness of a conflict after it is past

Forth Stage of the U-curve

adjustment reached--stability

Assimilation

adopting the thoughts, ways of thinking, behavior of a culture (more fully)

Second Stage of the U-curve

crisis--fight, flight, go native

IC Competency Appropriateness:

following rules of the situation, context, culture

IC Competency Effectiveness:

getting the job done, reaching mutual understanding

First Stage of the U-curve

honeymoon--everything's great.

Politics 2.0

more subtle ways we engage in the "political" in everyday life; How social structures maintain their authority—and how the governed consent to it

Third Stage of the U-curve

time of adjustment, "flex"