com3312 unit 1 and 2

first web-based service 1996

-HoTMaiL was launched, first webmail service

internet based file sharing gets its roots 1998

-Napster launched opening up the gates to mainstream file sharing of audio files over the internet

geocities, the vatican goes online, and JavaScript 1995

-launch of geocities, which closed down, and vatican went online

internet election 2008

-online donations, campaign videos etc

unix 1960s

the operating system whose design heavily influenced that of Linux and FreeBSD (the operating systems most popular in today's web servers/web hosting services).

beginning of TCP/IP 1974

proposal was published to link Arpa-like networks together into a so-called "inter-network", which would have no central control and would work around a transmission control protocol

first web page created 1991

purpose was to explain what the World Wide Web was.

VolP goes mainstream 2003

skype is release to the public giving a user-friendly interface to voice over IP calling

first content based search protocol 1991

t search protocol that examined Ale contents instead of just Ale names was launched, called Gopher.

ENQUIRE software 1980

the European organization for nuclear reasearch (CERN) launched this, a hypertext program that allowed scientists at the particle physics lab to keep track of people, software, and projects using hypertext

first new story to be broken online instead of traditional media 1998

the first major news story to be broken online was the Bill Clinton/Monica Lewinsky scandal

spam is born 1978

the year that brought the first unsolicited commercial email message (later known as spam), sent out to 600 California Arpanet users by Gary Thuerk

proposal for the world wide web 1989

written by Tim Berners-Lee. It was originally published in the March issue of MacWorld, and then redistributed in May 1990. It was written to persuade CERN that a global hypertext system was in CERN's best interest. It was originally called "Mesh"; the term "World Wide Web" was coined while Berners-Lee was writing the code in 1990.

the bubble bursts 1999

year of the dotcom collapse, resulting in huge losses for legions of investors. Hundreds of companies closed, some of which had never turned a proAt for their investors. The NASDAQ, which listed a large number of tech companies affected by the bubble, peaked at over 5,000, then lost 10% of its value in a single day, and Anally hit bottom in October of 2002

ICANN policy changes 2009

-organization in charge of registering domain names

first commercial dial up ISP 1990

1990 also brought about the Arst commercial dial-up Internet provider, The World. The same year, Arpanet ceased to exist.

MP3 becomes a standard 1991

MP3 Ale format was accepted as a standard in 1991. MP3 Ales, being highly compressed, later become a popular file format to share songs and entire albums via the internet

arpanet network 70s

An Arpanet network was established between Harvard, MIT, and BBN (the company that created the "interface message processor" computers used to connect to the network) in 1970

CAN-SPAM act puts a lid on unsolicited emails 2003

Another major advance in 2003 was the signing of the Controlling the Assault of Non-Solicited Pornography and Marketing Act of 2003, better known as the CAN-SPAM Act

first trans-atlantic connection and the popularity of email 1973

Arpanet made its Arst trans-Atlantic connection in 1973, with the University College of London. During the same year, email accounted for 75% of all Arpanet network activity.

the internet grows 1987

By 1987, there were nearly 30,000 hosts on the Internet. The original Arpanet protocol had been limited to 1,000 hosts, but the adoption of the TCP/IP standard made larger numbers of hosts possible.

email 70s

Email was first developed in 1971 by Ray Tomlinson, who also made the decision to use the "@" symbol to separate the user name from the computer name (which later on became the domain name).

protocol wars 1986

European countries at that time were pursuing the Open Systems Interconnection (OSI), while the United States was using the Internet/Arpanet protocol, which eventually won out

universality

For anyone to be able to publish anything on the web, all the computers involved have to speak the same languages to each other, no matter what different hardware people are using; where they live; or what cultural and political beliefs they have. In this way, the web breaks down silos while still allowing diversity to flourish.

consensus

For universal standards to work, everyone had to agree to use them. Tim and others achieved this consensus by giving everyone a say in creating the standards, through a transparent, participatory process at W3C.

cyclades 1972

France began its own Arpanet-like project in 1972, called CYCLADES. While Cyclades was eventually shut down, it did pioneer a key idea: the host computer should be responsible for data transmission rather than the network itself.

html

HyperText Markup Language. The markup (formatting) language for the web.

HTTP

Hypertext Transfer Protocol. Allows for the retrieval of linked resources from across the web.

non-discrimination

If I pay to connect to the internet with a certain quality of service, and you pay to connect with that or a greater quality of service, then we can both communicate at the same level. This principle of equity is also known as Net Neutrality.

bottom-up design

Instead of code being written and controlled by a small group of experts, it was developed in full view of everyone, encouraging maximum participation and experimentation.

arpanet computers switch over to TCP/ IP 1983

January 1, 1983 was the deadline for Arpanet computers to switch over to the TCP/IP protocols developed by Vinton Cerf

netscape navigator 1994

Mosaic's first big competitor, Netscape Navigator, was released the year following (1994).

decentralisation

No permission is needed from a central authority to post anything on the web, there is no central controlling node, and so no single point of failure ... and no "kill switch"! This also implies freedom from indiscriminate censorship and surveillance.

first major malicious internet-based attack 1988

Referred to as "The Morris Worm", it was written by Robert Tappan Morris and caused major interruptions across large parts of the Internet.

world wide web protocols finished

The code for the World Wide Web was written by Tim Berners-Lee, based on his proposal from the year before, along with the standards for HTML, HTTP, and URLs.

Sir Tim Berners-Lee

The inventor of the World Wide Web -wrote the first web page editor/browser ("WorldWideWeb.app") and the first web server ("httpd"). -In 2009, Sir Tim established the World Wide Web Foundation. The Web Foundation is advancing the Open Web as a means to build a just and thriving society by connecting everyone, raising voices and enhancing participation.

social media and Digg 2004

The term "social media", believed to be Arst used by Chris Sharpley, was coined in the same year that "Web 2.0" became a mainstream concept. Social media-sites and web applications that allow its users to create and share content and to connect with one another-started around this period. -digg was a social news site paving the way for things liek reddit

first webcam 1991

deployed in Cambridge University computer lab and sole purpose was to monitor a coffee maker so the lab users could avoid wasted trips to an empty coffee pot

web 2.0 2004

Though coined in 1999 by Darcy DiNucci, the term "Web 2.0", referring to websites and Rich Internet Applications (RIA) that are highly interactive and user-driven became popular around 2004

URI

Uniform Resource Identifier. A kind of "address" that is unique and used to identify to each resource on the web. It is also commonly called a URL.

the PC modern 1977

developed by Dennis Hayes and Dale Heatherington, was introduced and initially sold to computer hobbyists.

bulletin board system 1978

developed during a blizzard in Chicago (BBS)

AOL is launched 1989

When Apple pulled out of the AppleLink program in 1989, the project was renamed and America Online was born. AOL, still in existence today, later on made the Internet popular amongst the average internet users.

the first emoticon 1982

While many people credit Kevin MacKenzie with the invention of the emoticon in 1979, it was Scott Fahlman in 1982 who proposed using !! after a joke, rather than the original -) proposed by MacKenzie

wikipedia is launched 2001

With the dotcom collapse still going strong, Wikipedia launched in 2001, one of the websites that paved the way for collective web content generation/social media.

Project Gutenberg 70s

a global effort to make books and documents in the public domain available electronically-for free-in a variety of eBook and electronic formats -birth of the ebook

the iPhone and the mobile web 2007

biggest innovation of 2007 was almost certainly the iPhone

term "weblog" is coined 1997

blogs had been around for years but this was the first time weblog was used

governments join in on the fun 1993

both the White House and the United Nations came online, marking the beginning of the .gov and .org domain names

domain name system 1984

created in 1984 along with the Arst Domain Name Servers (DNS). The domain name system was important in that it made addresses on the Internet more human-friendly compared to its numerical IP address counterparts. DNS servers allowed Internet users to type in an easy-toremember domain name and then converted it to the IP address automatically

virtual communities 1985

development of The WELL (short for Whole Earth 'Lectronic Link), one of the oldest virtual communities still in operation. It was developed by Stewart Brand and Larry Brilliant in February of '85. It started out as a community of the readers and writers of the Whole Earth Review and was an open but "remarkably literate and uninhibited intellectual gathering". Wired Magazine once called The Well "The most ineuential online community in the world."

SETI@home project 1999

e project has created the equivalent of a giant supercomputer by harnessing the computing power of more than 3 million computers worldwide, using their processors whenever the screensaver comes on, indicating that the computer is idle. The program analyzes radio telescope data to look for signs of extraterrestrial intelligence.

IRC- internet relay chat 1988

first deployed, paving the way for real-time chat and the instant messaging programs we use today.

the email client 1975

first modern email program was developed by John Vittal, a programmer at the University of Southern California in 1975. The biggest technological advance this program (called MSG) made was the addition of "Reply" and "Forward" functionality.

arpanet 1960s

first real network to run on packet switching technology (new at the time). On the October 29, 1969, computers at Stanford and UCLA The History of the Internet in a Nutshell https://www.webpagefx.com/blog/web-design/the-history-of-the... 2 of 28 6/7/17, 10:52 AM connected for the Arst time. In effect, they were the Arst hosts on what would one day become the Internet.

Mosaic- first graphical web browser for the general public 1993

first widely downloaded Internet browser, Mosaic, was released in 1993. While Mosaic wasn't the first web browser, it is considered the first browser to make the Internet easily accessible to non-techies.

google 1998

google went live

major move to place TV shows online 2007

hulu was first launched

usenet 1979

internet-based discussion system, allowing people from around the globe to converse about the same topics by posting public messages categorized by news groups

youtube 2005

launched bringing free videos to all

myspace becomes the most popular social network 2003

myspace opens until it is taken over by facebook

"the" facebook open to college students 2004

open only to college students

twitter 2006

originally called twittr

MUD- earliest form of multiplayer game 1979

precursor to World of Warcraft and Second Life was developed in 1979, and was called MUD (short for MultiUser Dungeon). MUDs were entirely text-based virtual worlds, combining elements of role-playing games, interactive, Action, and online chat

commercialization of the internet 1995

year the web became commercialized. While there were commercial enterprises online prior to '95, there were a few key developments that happened that year. First, SSL (Secure Sockets Layer) encryption was developed by Netscape, making it safer to conduct financial transactions (like credit card payments) online. -two major online businesses got their start the same year. The Arst sale on "Echo Bay" was made that year. Echo Bay later became eBay. -Amazon.com also started in 1995, though it didn't turn a proAt for six years, until 2001.