Combo with "Art" and 2 others
barroco
"Although its origin is unclear, "Baroque" may have come from the Portuguese word '_______,' meaning an irregularly shaped pearl." --Gardener :)
Sala della Pace
"Chamber of Peace" Room with the fresco cycles of Lorenzetti
Purse Cover
"Hold the wealth" Clasp on bottom Hinges on top Symmetrical Cloisse Interlacing - Scythian - suggests trade Eagles eating ducks, dogs?
Sedes sapientiae
"Seat of Wisdom" Virgin Mary holding Baby Jesus serene Romanesque
white men
"This is America" Picture - all ________ _________
Virgo Virginium
"Virgin Mother of God, happy because of the divine child, receive the votive offerings of your Uta of ready servile"
hammurabi's code made of_____
"an eye for an eye", basalt
necropolis
"city of the dead" (most extensive = Saqqara and Gize)
Canaletto
"little canal" - because from Venice - creates many vedute
Resurrection
(New Testament) the rising of Christ on the third day after the Crucifixion
representational
(ex: realism, naturalism (grotesque realism), illusionism (play on reality), ideal (perfect)
Baroque
* elaborate an extensive ornamentation in decorative art and architecture that flourished in Europe in the 17th century
terrain
* the landscape, especially considered with regard to its physical features or fitness for some use
pretiola
*"little arm"; named for the appearance of arms folded in prayer
gigue
*A lively piece of music in the style of a dance, typically of the Renaissance or baroque period, and usually in compound time.
poussinistes
*Admirers and imitators of Poussin; thought his mastery of drawing composition and emotional restraint were superior
rocaille
*An artistic and literary style, developed from the baroque, characterized by complex and elaborate ornamentation. System of decoration derived from rock-work, ornamented with pebbles and shells found in follies and, especially, grottoes, often associated with water, fountains, cascades, etc.
Caravaggism
*Artists who imitate various features of the style of Caravaggio, for instance his tenebrism and his methods of bridging the gap between the fictive world of the painting and the real world of the spectator.
Counter-Reformation (Catholic Reformation)
*Series of measures that the Catholic Church took in the 1540s to counterattack against the Protestants, including a thorough examination of doctrines and practices and an emphasis on instruction of the young and of all Christians.
rubenistes
*admirers and imitators of Rubens. This group found greater value in Rubens's use of color, rich textures, and highly charged emotions
verisimilitude
*the appearance of being true or real
discalced
*without shoes; barefoot; a religious order wearing no shoes
Chartres Cathedral
1 of 7 Notre Dames - North Star of Big Dipper of Notre Dames Rose window stone - no tracery Left tower - later style; right tower - earlier style Black Madonna - weeps at center times of year - behind altar tripartide Relic = Virgin Mary's shroud
temple in antis
2 columns in entryway
Sarcophagus of Bassus
2 registers divided into niches like post and lintel Julius Bassus = Roman official marble
Augustus Prima Porta
20 BC Early Empire Tiberius Contrapposta style Cupids - family relationship with Venus propaganda breat plate -> Tiberius receiving standard for Patnians -> gods around approval Pax Romana
Stele of Naramsin
2200 BCE: Sargon's grandson; was created to celebrate achievements of individual ruler; hierarchic, registers
Standard of Ur
2300 BCE; poses repeat; horses; profile, mosaic effect; trapezoidal/very small; war and peace depicted
shape
2D=flat or 3D=not flat
Exekias, Suicide of Ajax
2nd bravest fighter in Trojan war; distraught by Achilles honor, not his, preparing to take his life
Uruk vase
3500-3000 BCE; 3 registers; festival
mass/volume
3D (architecture or sculpture) that takes up space
sculpture
3D + subtractive or additive
Hiberno-Saxon, Warrior Lords, Carolingian, Ottonian
4 stages of Middle Ages
sexpartite vaults
6 parts - support without weight
Circus Maximus
6th century BC - Republican Tarquinius Priscus - 5th king chariot/horse races and festivals between Aventine and Palatine hill burned down twice and built stands later spina - down middle factiones - color of chariots - like teams
Umayyads
A dynasty that ruled the Muslim Empire from 661 to 750 and later established a kingdom in al-Andalus
pilgrimage
A journey to a place considered sacred for religious purposes
Beau Dieu
A statue of the resurrected Christ on the trumeau at the Cathedral of Amiens
Tansey
Action Painting II (1984)
Betrayal and Arrest
After the Last Supper, Judas led a group of Jesus's enemies to where Jesus was praying. This is when Judas betrayed Jesus and handed him over to be arrested.
Seleucus
Alexander the Great left Asia Minor, Mesopotamia and Persia; Pergamon also Hellenistic capitol to
Ptolemy
Alexander the Great left Egypt; capitol Alexandria=GREAT Hellenistic center to
Antigonus
Alexander the Great left Macedonia to
Wood
American Gothic (1930)
horseshoe arches
An arch of more than a half-circle; typical of western Islamic architecture
humanism
An outlook or system of thought attaching prime importance to human rather than divine or supernatural matters. A Renaissance cultural movement that turned away from medieval scholasticism and revived interest in ancient Greek and Roman thought.
Rhyton Bull Cup
Ancient Greek ceremonial drinking vessel with a vase usually in the form of a head generally that of an animal, female, or mythological creature. Opening for the vessel is located behind the bull's horns decorative gold leaf radial design on forehead.
Renoir, Women and child
Artist:
Renoir
Artist: Local scene for dancing
Michelangelo, Sistine Chapel, Vatican City, fresco
Artist: Location in Church: City: Media:
Gainsborough, Great Britain
Artist: Location: Family Portrait
Gainsborough, Great Britain
Artist: Location: Highly criticized because light color blue - face washed out because viewer looks at outfit and people commissioned portraits to depict their faces
Donatello, St George, Orsanmichele
Artist: Name: Location:
Donatello, St Mark, Orsanmichele
Artist: Name: Location:
Rubens, cycle, Marie de Medici, The Betrothal, Flanders, Henry IV, Athena, Zeus and Hera
Artist: Part of ______ of ____________ Title: Location: Portrait presented to people for engagement - __________ gazing at portrait __________ whispering to him - goddess of wisdom and war - telling him it's a wise move looking on = _______________- peacock symbol - saying it's a blessed marriage
Lucas Cranach the Elder, Martin Luther, HRE
Artist: Portrait of ____________ Location:
Gauguin, Where Do We Come From? What Are We? Where Are We Going?
Artist: Title:
Manet, Gare St Lazare
Artist: Title:
Monet, Giverny
Artist: Title:
Pisarro, Boulevard des Capuchins
Artist: Title:
Pollaiuolo, Hercules and Antaeus
Artist: Title:
Pollauiolo, Battle of Ten Naked Men
Artist: Title:
Rousseau, Myself
Artist: Title:
Rousseau, The Sleeping Gypsy
Artist: Title:
Rousseau, The Snake Charmer
Artist: Title:
Seurat, La Grande Jatte
Artist: Title:
Van Gogh, Bedroom at Arles
Artist: Title:
Van Gogh, Sunflowers
Artist: Title:
Van der Weyden, St Luke Drawing the Virgin
Artist: Title:
Verrocchio, David
Artist: Title:
Warhol, Campbell's Soup Cans
Artist: Title:
Warhol, Marilyn Diptych
Artist: Title:
Wood, American Gothic
Artist: Title:
Wright, Falling Water House
Artist: Title:
Severini, Visual Synthesis of The Ideal War
Artist: Title: "Effort Maximum" - use all of your effort for war
Delarouche, Napoleon Crossing the Alps
Artist: Title: 1850 - more realistic depiction - mule, not horse, cold weather, looking weathered
Dali, The Crucifixion
Artist: Title: Body on cross but protruding - not fixed Wife Galla there - may represent Mary Magdelene Over chest board Cubism - cubes and triangles (Christ triangle disconcerting, wife not troublesome)
Boccioni, The City Rises
Artist: Title: City of Milan, Italy - center of urbanization/industrialization Movement shows excitement - attracts people
Millet, The Gleaners
Artist: Title: Collect useful things to them after harvest - straw and seeds
Courbet, The Stone Breakers, future, past, clogs
Artist: Title: Crushing rocks to be used for road beds As the shoes depict the boy represents the ________, the old man the ______ (wearing _______) Monumental like history paintings of heroes, these common men should also be revered as heroes Social Realism
Southwood and Hawes, Surgery Under Either
Artist: Title: Fumes to use as anasthesia to create a sleep state Physicians in suits
Heartfield, The Superman Swallows Gold and Spouts Tin
Artist: Title: Gets money, but uses it for war materials
Daumier, Third Class Carriage
Artist: Title: Gridded it to paint it Very crowded
Muybridge, Zoopraxiscope
Artist: Title: Images burned on disk
Boccioni, States of Mind: Those Who Stay
Artist: Title: Loneliness Vertical lines to show movement
Daumier, First Class Carriage
Artist: Title: Not crowded - men and women together - women can read
Ray, Ingre's Violin
Artist: Title: Objectivity - objects/woman's body
Severini, Dynamic Hieroglyph of the Bal Tavern
Artist: Title: Parisian ball during WWI - 1st impression - all a blur - excitement/motion
Dali, The Madonna
Artist: Title: Reference to Pierro della Francesco's Madonna and child with angels and six saints - stage, hands clasped, architecture and ostrich egg/shell Showed her dematerializing - like atomic bomb on Hiroshima
Balla, Girl Running on a Balcony
Artist: Title: Repetition Motion/Moving Forward
Balla, Street Light
Artist: Title: Repetitive pictures of light
Delacroix, Tiger Hunt
Artist: Title: Visit to Morocco gave him and intense sense of color and the exotic
Hoch, Da-Dandy
Artist: Title: Women cut out from photos Critiquing Dada Movement
Daguerre, Collection of Fossils and Shells
Artist: Title: arranged - still-life through photograph
Dali, Angelus
Artist: Title: forms, not people male on left, female on right female more aggressive Salvador and father underneath
David, Death of Marat
Artist: Title: made into a martyr
Homer, Breezing Up a Fair Wind
Artist: Title: sailing
Daumier, The Washer Woman
Artist: Title: task of society - wash at river
Fra Angelico, Annunciation, San Marco, Florence
Artist: Title: Church: City:
Masaccio, Trinita, Santa Maria Novella, Florence
Artist: Title: Church: City:
Sangallo, Villa Farnese, Rome, Michelangelo
Artist: Title: City: Finished by __________________
Bierstadt, Yosemite, United States, Hudson River, Luminism
Artist: Title: Country: Centers on West Nature = serene, remote, aura with light - no humans _____________ School ___________ -glowing use of light
Repin, The Barge Haulers, Russia, younger
Artist: Title: Country: harnessed - one in the middle is ____________ - shows that even the young are working
Jose de Ribera, Martyrdom of St. Bartholomew, 1634, Spain
Artist: Title: Date: Location: focus on face
Rembrandt, Supper at Emmaus, 1648, Holland
Artist: Title: Date: Location: like Caravaggio: two people, one servant, and Christ) leave a space for the viewer at the table no drama (only from light)
Rembrandt, Supper at Emmaus, 1628-1630, Holland
Artist: Title: Date: Location: more intensity - in the moment - like Caravaggio 4 people - Jesus, one person kneeling, one person sitting, and one servant in the back leave a space for the viewer at the table
Jose de Ribera, Martyrdom of St. Bartholomew, 1639, Spain
Artist: Title: Date: Location: real Spanish Baroque was tied up arms and legs and skinned alive feet up
De La Tour, The Card Game
Artist: Title: Flat, black background = 3D figures Playing cards for money Pulling a fast one Waiting on mistress - trying to alert her to trickery
Frans Hals, Archers of St. Hadrian, Holland, military, Dutch city
Artist: Title: Location: 1633 this guild is a ______ guild - has equipment background = __________
Aertsen, Butcher's Stall, Netherlands, donkey, fish, pretzels, mussels, oysters
Artist: Title: Location: Background = man on ______ (Joseph?) Center = 2 _____ crossed (religion) ________ on wall (Communion) _________ and ________ (aphrodisiacs)
Mantegna, Camera Picta, Palazzo Ducale, Mantua
Artist: Title: Location: City:
Perugino, Christ Delivering the Keys to St Peter, Sistine Chapel, Vatican City
Artist: Title: Location: City:
Canova, Mary Magdelene, Italy, marble
Artist: Title: Location: Religious - all out of 1 block of ________
Bosch, The Garden of Earthly Delights, Netherlands, triptych, Adam and Eve, Garden of Eve, cat, mouse, nude, paired up, fertility, Hell, bird
Artist: Title: Location: What type of object is it? Left: naked people (______________) with God in the _______________ - peaceful except a _____ with a ________ in its mouth Center: All people _____ and ________ and consorting - ring riding horseback (from ancient punishment of adulteresses) Strawberries and peaches = ______________ Fanciful items in background Right = _______ - musical instruments, fires, ear with knife slicing it, body cut in half, harp, male impaled on born, broken violin, lower right corner = pig in nun's habit Big _____ = judge - devouring a human body and disposing of it in a hole; also people barfing out coins near the hole (downfall of greed)
Jan Steen, Feast of St Nicholas, Holland, Christmas, switches, gift
Artist: Title: Location: ____________ morning boy pointing at boy crying - because got ___________ girl shying away with doll Dutch - dressed somewhat strictly as Calvinists Grandma in back pulling back curtain with _____ behind it for crying kid
Caravaggio, Entombment, Italy, tenebrism, nun's habit
Artist: Title: Location: ______________ - light focused on body Someone in a _________ - not realistic because no nuns exist at that time
Vermeer, Woman Holding a Balance, Holland, pearls, Last Judgment
Artist: Title: Location: a little higher ranked class some Dutch head-covering DUAL MEANING: weighing ________ (represents weighing purity/soul) ______________ in background
Francisco de Zurbaran, St. Serapion, Spain, clothing, tenebrism, crusades
Artist: Title: Location: can tell location because ________ (folds everywhere in fabric) and intense ________ - white stands out hands subtlely tied up fought in _________ - captured and executed because freeing Christian captives from Moors tied up and disemboweled, stoned, and decapitated pale, limp, and dead more about dramatic impact than what really happened to him *also a different saint of the same name who is martyred in Scotland because Protestant
Velazquez, Juan de Pareja, Spain, Moorish captive
Artist: Title: Location: looks important because collar, velvet, and fine fabrics servant to painter - ______________
Rembrandt Van Rijn, self-portrait, Holland, faces, hands
Artist: Title: Location: loves detail in ______ and _______ multiple self-portraits that are realistic known for portraits
Rubens, Lion Hunt, Flanders
Artist: Title: Location: man vs nature man losing in bottom, man struggling against beast and top diagonal and movement cyclonic color red and white - look at people
Rubens, Abduction of Ganymede, Flanders, Trojan, cup bearer
Artist: Title: Location: many references in literature - most handsome ______ - taken by Jupiter to Mt Olympus by snatching him with eagle while hunting - waits on gods/goddesses as _________ (already had one - Heebee (child of Jupiter and Juno) - Juno hates Trojans
Van Dyke, Portrait of Charles I at the Hunt, Flanders, Henrietta Marie, short
Artist: Title: Location: married to ___________ (Catholic), but he's Anglican Very ______ (doesn't look so in portrait because the background is distant and the horse is bending over) Portrait outdoors as a huntsmen Servants in background with horses
Fra Andrea Pozzo, Glorification of St Ignatius, Italy, Catholic
Artist: Title: Location: more involved - images = __________ moment when he is taken up ceiling fresco 1691-1694
Rembrandt, Night Watch, Holland, parade, chicken
Artist: Title: Location: name is a misnomer - appeared to be a bunch of armed men policing the night - not actually at night - when cleaned it shows that there is light coming through the window - actually gathering for some ______ Guild symbol = hind quarters of a ________ - so female with chicken claws down
Michelangelo, Pieta, marble, St Peter's, Vatican City
Artist: Title: Media: Church: City:
Titian, Feast of the Gods, oil on canvas, Duke of Ferrara, Ducale Palazzo, Ferrara
Artist: Title: Media: Patron: Location: City:
Mantegna, Dead Christ, tempera on canvas, foreshortening
Artist: Title: Media: Technique used:
Chardin, The Bubble Blower, leisure, industrialization
Artist: Title: New ________ time because ________________
Gainsborough, landscape, Great Britain, c, pastel, rococo
Artist: _____________ (Intent to match subject with ____________; Deep interest - more than half the portrait) Location: Inverted _, and _______ colors = _________
Cezanne
Bather (1885-1887)
Cycladic, Minoan, Helladic
Before 3000BCE until 1100 BCE 3 main cultures of the Aegean world
Benjamin West
Believes morality includes honor and loyalty Risen from humble origin the military hero was more important than aristocrat
Amiens
Bell towers different heights Peaks break at different levels tympanum rose window Very high windows on interior filled with stained glass
Brancusi
Bird in Space (1919)
Henry IV, Louis XIII, Louis XIV
Bourbon Monarchs: __________ - assassinated in 1610 __________ (Marie de Medici, Richelieu) - in throne as a child - mother and chief minister rule for him __________ (Anne of Austria, Mazarin) - ABSOLUTISM - controls EVERYTHING - uses arts to reinforce this
Mondrian
Broadway Boogie-Woogie (1942-43)
Late
Byzantine Art Period: 1200-1400 Restoration of Byzantine rule 1261 ended with fall to Ottoman Turks in 1453
Warhol
Campbell's Soup I (1968)
Academic
Carracci
Renoir
Children on the Beachot Guernesey (1883)
Pantocrator
Christ halo with cross gesture of blessing in right hand and book in left upper portion of body
Deesis
Christ flanked by Mary and John the Baptist
Royal Portal
Christ in mandorla by Matt Mark, Luke and John voussoir = statuettes of people crouched in judgment below
Mondrian
Composition in /with [Various Colors] (series 1913-1930s)
Degas
Dance Class (1874)
Apadana, Persepolis
Darius organized and conquered: capital was Susa, then Parsa; built ____________ (audience hall) in _____________
styles
Darius, the King of Persia combined different _______ of art at his temple
St Michaels
Double transcept plan - longitudinal Extended Narthex Tower groupings and a westwork Modular approach
Escher
Drawing Hands (1948)
Young Fisherman
Egyptian-like: colorful skin/profile; shows importance of sealife
Phidias
Elgin Marbles [series]
Poussin
Et in Arcadia ego (1630)
Iman
Faith in Allah; a leader of prayer in a mosque
black figure
First paints figures in black Then incises Black is engobe: phase one turns both pot and slip red with firing, phase two (reducing) clay and slip turn black due to lack of oxygen, phase three coarser material of the pot reabsorbs oxygen and turns red, slip remains black b/c its smoother and silica-laden
Dying Warrior
From East Pediment Temple Aphaia; best preserved pediment figure; Originally would have been painted and had bronze accessories, here the sculptor has fully exploited the framework of the pediment, twisting in space capturing agony and vulnerability; Archaic - bulging eyes; smile, stylized beard
Koln Cathedral
Germany, c 1220 flamboyant
Millet
Gleaners (1857)
Lindau Gospels
Gold cover youthful Christ nailed to Cross = central motif Surrounded by pearls and jewels so catch and reflect light Figure = repousse - beardless, suffering Christ Four angels and personification of Moon and Sun, Virgin Mary and St John Cloisonne
480-450 BCE
Greek Period: Early or Transitional classical
450-400 BCE
Greek Period: High or 5th Century Classical
400-320 BCE
Greek Period: Late or 4th Century Classical
Proto-Geometric: 1050-900 BCE
Greek Pottery: characterized by linear motifs, spirals, diamonds and cross-hatching, rather than the stylized plants, birds, and sea creatures characteristic of Minoan vase painting
perfect, everyday, draped
Hellenistic because: not ____________ _________ task _________ but still see outline
Segal
Holocaust (1984)
Pectoral of Senusret II
Horus falcons, cobras (Ra), cartouche, scrab beetle; cloisonne (inlaid in gold); "May the Sun god give eternal life to Senusret II"
Lichtenstein
House 1 (1998)
coins
How did rulers let ordinary citizens know of their power?
Monet
Impression: Sunrise (1872)
upper middle, leisure, Pisarro, fast, open, en plein aire
Impressionism: -Painted _________ _________ class -__________ time city and country -__________ organized them to create a grass roots group -________, ________ brushstrokes, ____________ -Cezanne, Degas, Monet, Pisarro, Moriset, Renoir and American Mary Cassatt
Baptism
In Luke, when the Holy Spirit descends on Jesus and the voice from the heavens identify him as "My beloved Son"
relief triangle
In Mycenaean architecture the triangular opening above lintel that serves to lighten the weight to be carried by lintel itself.
Sacrifice of Isaac
In San Vitale
mirador
In Spanish an Islamic palace architecture, rooms with windows and sometimes balconies on three sides overlooking gardens and courtyards
Virgin and Child Between St Theodore and St George
In St Catherine's Monestary at Mt Sinan encaustic on wood stiff, halos, baby = homunculus very flat, frontal feet, throne
Dura Europos Synagogue
In a Roman garrison, extensive murals, once a private house then converted to a synagogue 2nd century- Images confounded the scholars as per the 2nd Commandment. Images tell biblical stories, no images of God except as a "hand". No action, stylized gestures, no depth, niche housed the Torah, frontal poses 3 levels of scenes from the Old Testament Torah niche Lower level is painted imitation stone
Athena
In the Parthenon, this is a statue of
Champollion
Interpreter of the Rosetta Stone
Abbe Suger
Introduced Gothic style - brought together various elements into first expression Characteristics: grotesque decoration (ex. gargoyle); New Islamic techniques from Crusades (ex. pointed arch) was one of the last Frankish abbot-statesmen, a historian, and the influential first patron of Gothic architecture
Face
Is a face or a logo more powerful for political persuasion?
Giovanni, duomo
Is this by Nicola or Giovanni Pisano? Is this in the baptistry or the duomo?
Nicola, baptistry
Is this by Nicola or Giovanni Pisano? Is this in the baptistry or the duomo?
sfumato
Italian term meaning "smoky," soft, and mellow; in painting, the effect of haze in an image; resembling the color of the atmosphere at dusk, it gives a smoky effect
Deposition
Jesus taken down from cross and laid in tomb
Pericles
Leader of Athens who uses money from Delian League
Picasso
Les Demoiselles d'Avignon (1907)
Da Vinci
Mona Lisa (1500-04)
Florence Cathedral, Cambio, Taleti, Brunelleschi
Name of Structure: Architect: Architect who took over for him later: Who constructed the dome?
body
Near Stone Hedge, archaeologists discovered _______ art buried with a foreigner
Rome, excavations, geometric, liberty, virtue morality
Neoclassicism: -Grand Tour made ___________ a pilgrimmage site -New ___________ at Pompeii and Herculaneum - asleep since 79 AD - 2,000 years uncovered - now new information -___________ harmony -___________, ___________ and ___________ in a time of turmoil - bringing stability at least through message
Hopper
Nighthawks (1942)
Notre Dame
Paris Relic = crown of thorns tracery balustrade pointed arches rose windows towers identical and at same height tripartide - representing trinity statuettes
Caliph Abd al-Malik
Patron of Dome of the Rock
Pendentive
Pendentive or Squinch? make the transition from the circular base of the dome to the four piers that support the weight of the dome.
Lewis Hine
Photographer: -His photos helped to pass child labor laws. -In 1908, he became the photographer for the National Child Labor Committee (NCLC).
William Henry Fox Talbot
Photographer: -set up the first photographic printing works (The Reading Photographic Establishment) - to mass produce salt prints for publication of The pencil of Nature, the first part work illustrated with photographs tipped in by hand. The negatives have stood the test of time far better than the positive prints which have faded badly -The Open Door - situated items to get picture - like a still life
Jar with boat designs
Predynastic period; from Hierakonpolis; river scene (funeral barge?) has abstract figures
Botticelli
Primavera (c.1478)
Christ as the Good Shepherd
Priscilla catacomb: Rome the priest is paralleled to Christ leading the flock (congregation
Menkaura and a Queen
Queen = Khamerenbebty II; both youthful and embracing; his step forward larger than hers; made of slate-more dull but durable; no emotion from him to her; from her to him some; fully clothed but can see through
Gericault
Raft of the Medusa (1818)
Kandinsky
Red Spot II (1921)
arch, concrete, theaters, Aqueducts
Roman innovations: Expanded use of _____ Introduced __________ Give them ability to create free standing ________ and other structures which up to this point had been impossible ____________ made of concretes
Greeks, podium
Roman temples: borrow from _______ built on a ________
Stavelot Triptych
Romanesque interlacing Wood - guilded from current day Belgium
Santa Costanza
Rome 354 CE Martyrium of Constantina - Constantine's daughter Sarcophagus opposite the door Inner colonnade - goes all the way around Composite columns - combination of Corinthian and Ionic
Old St Peter's
Rome Martyrium Apse Transcept Nave Narthex - entry point Atrium East orientation - holy land
Monet
Rouen Cathedral (1892-94) [series]
Sargon I
Ruler of Akkad (which adopted Sumerian culture)
Zimrilim
Ruler of Babylon and Mari: architecture in palace very good
Christ Between the Angels
San Vitale, Ravenna honor Exclesius (angel) and saints naturalism apse - blue Christ on globe 2 priests and 2 angels flatter dimension gold background feet frontal naturalism on ground
Hogarth
Satirized contemporary life with comic zest Poked fun at the artists of the continent Liked to paint in series to tell a story
Raphael
School of Athens (1509-10)
St Gall
Separate monks from laity Center = church with cloister (courtyard) - side of Church not in front of main portal Other essential buildings Switzerland religious (monastic) complex - abbey church with cloister and westwork - many accomodations
Chi Rho
Sign of the Cross
The Selimiye Cami
Sinan the Great Edirne, Turkey - 16th Century mosque inspired by Hagia Sophia (6th century)
Death of the Virgin
South transcept of Strasbourg Cathedral, France c 1220 Mary on death bed with Saints very Hellinitic
Warrior Lords
Stage of Middle Ages: 800-1000 AD Nordic
Bierstadt
Storm in the Rocky Mountains (1866)
Seurat
Sunday Afternoon on the Island of La Grande Jatte (1884-86)
Zeus/Jupiter
Supreme God, holds scepter and lightning bolt
architecture
Symbolizes great political power/wealth
Pergamon
The Altar of Zeus is at _____________
Manet
The Bar at the Folies Bergeres (1881)
Botticelli
The Birth of Venus (c.1480)
Gainsborough
The Blue Boy (1770)
Cassatt
The Boating Party (1893-94)
El Greco
The Burial of the Count of Orgaz (1586-1588)
Caravaggio
The Crucifixion of Saint Peter (1601)
Matisse
The Dance (first version) (1909)
Delacroix
The Death of Sardanapalus (1822-27)
Goya
The Disasters of War (1810-20) [series]
Bosch
The Garden of Earthly Delights (c.1500)
Constable
The Hay Wain (1821)
campanile
The Italian term for a freestanding bell tower
Rembrandt
The Night Watch (1642)
David
The Oath of the Horatii (1784)
Dali
The Persistence of Memory (1931)
Van Gogh
The Potato Eaters (1885)
Munch
The Scream (1893)
Rousseau
The Sleeping Gypsy (1897)
Rodin
The Thinker (1888)
Bruegel
The Tower of Babel (1563)
Courbet
The Wave (1870)
Nativity
The birth of Jesus Christ, the son of god and of the Virgin Mary
acanthus leaf
The capital of the Corinthian column is characterized by which motif?
Sinan the Great
The great architect of the Ottoman empire; designed Selimiye Mosque
Anunciation
The occurrence when the Angel Gabriel appeared to Mary and told her that she would bear a child who was the Son of God
Cyrus, Darius, Xerxes
Three great Persian rulers that helped established Persia as the first empire
Arc de Triomphe, Neoclassicism, Napoleon, Chalgrin, Rude, unknown soldier
Title: Genre: Commissioned by ___________ to ___________ in 1806. Work stopped after his defeat and revived in 1833. LaMarsaillaise by ______ (Bellona leads the 1792 volunteers as Liberty) Phrygian cap of freedom. Beneath the vault is the tomb of the ___________. Attic is decorated with shields of Napoleon conquered.
Chambord, France, monarchs
Title: Location: It functioned as one of many homes for the ___________ of the country
Proto-Geometric
Transition to
Giorgione
Venetian Artist: ambiguous meanings
Titian
Venetian Artist: revolutionized parts of art
Bellini
Venetian artist: abandoned fresco and tempera for oil
Pieta
Vesperbilder or Pieta: "devotion to duty" Virgin Mary with dead Christ on lap
Vesperbilder
Vesperbilder or Pieta: Gothic - grotesque
Corot
Ville d'Avray (1867)
Vladimir Madonna
Virgin and child A demonstration of rejecting Iconoclasm Virgin of compassion This is supposed to be how Virgin held her child in reality, recorded by someone who painted an image at the scene Flat body, some drapery form, some modeling in face (copier images) Gold and Blue face of the child is mature (all known when born)
Picasso
Weeping Woman (1937)
Gorgon Medusa
West pediment of temple of Artemis. Huge sculptures; very archaic with stylized hair, smile, bulging eyes
Taj Mahal
Western/Islamic Influence in Agra, India minarets, onion dome, pointed arches, pool (for reflection/irrigation), and vegetation
Four
What Dynasty made the pyramids at Giza?
Oriental
What Period? almond shape eye; very pale; contact with Africa and Asia Life size painted plaster head of a woman, goddess, or sphinx.. We know the head is female b/c of the white flesh tone. Hair and eyes are painted dark blue., almost black, lips ears and head band are red. Cheeks and chin are decorated w/ a ring of red dots, recalling facial paint or tattoos recorded on Early Cycladic female figures. The large menacing eyes give a scary expression, appropriate for a guardian like figure or sphinx. If not for the dicovery of the remains of this figure, historians might wrongly conclude that life size pieces were not part of the Mycenaen culture. However it is ok to conclude that this kind of Aegean work was rare. And we do not see this kind of monumental sculpture again until after the Dark Ages, when Greek sculptors were exposed to the sculptural tradition of Pharanoic Egypt.
San Vitale
What building has this plan?
Tower of Babble
What is this Dutch painting from the 1600s that references a ziggurat?
Plateresque, silversmith's design, ornamentation
What is this kind of art called? What is meant to look like? Very frilly.ornate Decoration not building itself - it's an ______________
John
Which evangelist? eagle
Matthew
Which evangelist? winged angel
Luke
Which evangelist? winged cow
Mark
Which evangelist? winged lion
Cordoba
Which great mosque is this dome from?
Ficoroni Cista, Novios Plautios
________ (title) __________ (artist) from Palestina but made in Rome tells story of Argonauts (based on long lost Greek panel painting in Rome) made of bronze cistae - containers for women's toiletry items gift form Dindia Macolnia (noblewoman) to her daughter
Constantine, acroliph, Milvian Bridge
__________ (title) _______ - trunk of the figure was made of wood, and the head, hands, and feet were made of marble. 312-315 - after battle with Maxentius - __________ ______ (battle) - commemorates victory and dominance originally held scepter, later orb/cross (Christian) west apse of Constantine-Maxentius Palace head idealistic - young body natural bulging eyes Inscription: "Through this son of salvation, rescued city, and restored throne" (propaganda) before destroyed, whole statue = Constantine sitting on throne Molvian Bridge = battle acroliph
Portrait of the Elder, marble
__________ (title) __________ (medium) verism wisdom, intellect, knowledge, and experience
Late Republic, Patrician carrying Portrait Busts, verism
___________ (period) ___________ (title) carrying busts of ancestor ________-true representation of what the person looked like
Domus Aurea, Nero, Golden, coliseum
___________ (title) 64-68 CE - Rome Early Empire ______ pattern, Severus/cellar = archiects "________ House" concrete after Great Fire - built Great Palace frescoes and stucco ceiling _______ built on site
Euphronios, Euxitheos, Death of Sarpedon
_____________ (painter), _______________ (potter), ________________: on calyx krater (handles covered up); carried off battle field by Hypnos (sleep) and Thanatos (Death), watched by Hermes
Flavian Amphitheater, Coliseum, velarium, Vespasian, Titus, Dometian, harena, naval
______________ (title) now known as __________ used conquered Judeans as labor source entered through portal with ticket - tessera stone dressed in marble held together by metal clamps raise and lower an auning for shade - ________ lower level = senator and special seating for emperior/special people then middle class (equites) lower class - very upper region upper level - slaves, women and children (left at midday - because fight to death) dedicated to Flavian Emperors: _________, _______, and _______ animals and gladiators kept below - lifts to carry them up - ______ = sand covering mock ______ battles gladiators enslaved - could earn freedom
chartreuse
a charter house
trumeau
a column, pier, or post found at the center of a large portal or doorway, supporting the lintel
balustrade
a low barrier consisting of a series of short circular posts with a rail on top
travertine
a mineral building material similar to limestone, typically found in central Italy
entasis
a slight swelling of the shaft of a Greek column; this optical illusion makes the column appear from afar to be straight
muquarnas
a small nichelike component based on the squinch and used in Islamic architecture to achieve and transition between flat and rounded surfaces
Tholos
a small, round building; sometimes built underground, as in a Mycenaean tomb
stelae
a stone slab placed vertically and decorated with inscriptions or reliefs; used as a grave marker or memorial
post and lintel
a structure consisting of vertical beams (posts) supporting a horizontal beam (lintel)
black figure
a style or technique of ancient Greek pottery in which black figures are painted on a red clay ground
catacomb
a subterranean burial ground consisting of tunnels on different levels, having niches for urns and sarcophagi and often incorporating rooms (cubiculae); worship originally happened there
base
a support or foundation of a column
ankh
a symbol for everlasting life often worn as an amulet on the wrist or ankle
perspective
a system for representing three-dimensional space on a two-dimensional surface
obelisk
a tall, four-sided stone shaft, hewn from a single block, that tapers at the top and is completed by a pyramidion
lancet
a tall, narrow window crowned by a sharply pointed arch, typically found in Gothic architecture
cruciform
a term describing anything that is cross-shaped, as in a plan of a church
Great Mother
a term used to refer to a goddess who represents motherhood, fertility, creation or embodies the bounty of the Earth; Cult of her flourished on Crete, especially in conjunction with a bull
pediment
a triangular gable between a horizontal entablature and a sloping roof
triglyph
a triple projecting, grooved member of a doric frieze that alternates with metopes
white ground
a type of ancient Greek pottery in which the background color of the object is painted with a slip that turns white in the firing process; figures and details were added by painting on or incising into this slip; were popular in the Classical period as funerary objects
genre
a type of category of artistic form, subject, technique, style, or medium; a term used to loosely categorize paintings depicting scenes of everyday life, including (among others) domestic interiors, parties, inn scenes, and street scenes
arabesque
a type of linear surface decoration based on foliage and calligraphic forms, usually characterized by flowing lines and swirling shapes
still life
a type of painting that has as its subject inanimate objects (such as food, dishes, fruit, or flowers)
woodcut
a type of print made by carving a design into a wooden block; the ink is applied to the block with a roller; as the ink remains only on the raised areas between the carved away lines, these carved away areas and lines provide the white areas of the print; Also: the process by which the woodcut is made
broken pediment
a variation on the traditional pediment, with an open space at the center of the topmost angle and/or the horizontal cornice
rib vault
a vault in which the diagonal and transverse ribs compose a structural skeleton that partially supports the masonry web between them; ribs (extra masonry) demarcate the junctions of a groin vault; ribs may function to reinforce the groins or may be purely decorative
relic
a venerated object associated with a saint or martyr
quiblah wall
a wall in a mosque which is usually beautifully decorated; It is also called a prayer wall; faces towards Mecca
parchment
a writing surface made from treated skins of animals
kouros
a young Greek man who is not clothed; free standing, Archaic smile, large eyes, static
kore
a young Greek woman who is fully clothed; free standing, Archaic smile, large eyes, static
giornate
adopted from the Italian term meaning "a day's work," it is the section of a fresco plastered and painted in a single day
Etruscan Wolf
alert, snarling, protective, aware, tense, watchful, fierce very thin body wolves have no manes or curly ringlets of hair face is not wolflike story of Romulus and Remus suckled by the She-Wolf; later became founders of Rome
isocephalic
all figures are the same height
mandorla
almond shaped aureola
Ara Pacis
altar of Augustus piece Early empire unification of piece of the Empire sacifice South -> imperial families (specific people waiting in line for ceremony) north -> senators west -> Romulus and Numa east -> Pax Morner of Earth holding babies Mielder -> 20th century artist to enclose Ara Pacis marble
triptych
an artwork made up of three panels; the panels may be hinged together so that the side segments (wings) fold over the central area
guild
an association of craftspeople; the medieval one had great economic power, as it set standards and controlled the selling and marketing of its members products, and as it provided economic protection, group solidarity, and training in the craft to its members
Ebbo Gospels
an early Carolingian illuminated Gospel book known for an unusual, energetic style of illustration; very realistic and had movement; naturalistic background; figures dressed like Greek/Roman philosophers
Cloisonne
an enamel technique in which metal wire or strips are affixed to the surface to form the design; the resulting areas are filled with enamel (colored glass)
Landau Gospels
an illuminated manuscript in the Morgan Library in New York, which is important for its illuminated text, but still more so for its treasure binding, or metalwork covers, which are of different periods. The oldest element of the book is what is now the back cover, which was probably produced in the later 8th century in modern Austria, but in the context of missionary settlements from Britain or Ireland, as the style is that of the Insular art of the British Isles. The upper cover is late Carolingian work of about 880, and the text of the gospel book itself was written and decorated at the Abbey of Saint Gall around the same time, or slightly later
icon
an image in any material representing a sacred figure or event in the Byzantine, and later the Orthodox, Church; were venerated by the faithful, who believed them to have miraculous powers to transmit messages to God
stylus
an instrument with a pointed end (used for writing and printmaking), which makes a delicate line or scratch; Also: a special writing tool for cuneiform writing with one pointed end and one triangular wedge end
engraving
an intaglio printmaking process of inscribing an image, design, or letters onto a metal or wood surface from which a print is made; is usually drawn with a sharp implement (burin) directly onto the surface of the plate; Also: the print made from this process
Agora
an open space in a Greek town used as a central gathering place or market
cloister
an open space, part of a monastery, surrounded by an arcaded or colonnaded walkway, often having a fountain and garden, and dedicated to nonliturgical activities and the secular life of the religious; members of a cloistered order do not leave the monastery or interact with others
ewer
an open vessel with a handle and a spout for pouring
quatrefoil
an ornamental form that has four lobes or foils; it may resemble a four-petaled flower.
glazes
an outermost layer of vitreous liquid that, upon firing, renders ceramics waterproof and forms a decorative surface; a transparent layer of paint that is laid over another
Siphian Treasury
ancient Greek archaic Delphi; caryatids
easel painting
any painting of small to intermediate size that can be executed on an artist's easel
orthogonal city plan
any plan for a building or city that is based exclusively on right angles, such as the grid plan of many modern cities
central plan
any structure designed with a primary central space surrounded by symmetrical areas on each side
longitudinal plan
any structure designed with a rectangular shape; the nave is longer than the transept, and in which parts are symmetrical against an axis; ex: basilica
Mnesikles
architect of Erechtheion
Kallikrates
architect of Temple of Nike
Kallikrates and Iktinos
architects of Parthenon
Roman painting style #3
architectural design
Snake Goddess
are associated with water, regenerative power, and protection of the home. This image is intriguing both as a ritual object and as a work of art. She is made of faience ceramic glaze appearing illustrious. She was found with other ceremonial objects in a pit in one of Knossos's store rooms; Most Minoan sculpture in the round is small, represents a mortal attendant not a deity, although the large breasts suggest fertility goddess. Snakes in hands, leopard rests peacefully on her head; this implies power over the animal world. Frontality is reminiscent of the Egyptian and Near Eastern figures but the dress is clearly Minoan. Open bodice, flounced skirt, is seen on Minoan women over and over. Most likely this statuette represents a goddess and is another example of human beings fashioning their gods in their own images.
masqsura
area reserved for the caliph & family
composition
arrangement (foreground, middleground, background)
Assurnasirpal II Killing Lions
artwork created to show power/technology of one ruler; created in intimidate enemies
Bishop Bernwald
as the Bishop of Hildesheim from 993 until his death in 1022. His time in office fell during the era of the Saxon emperors, who had their roots in the area around Hildesheim and were personally related to Bernward. During this time, Hildesheim was a center of power in the Holy Roman Empire and Bernward was determined to give his city an image fitting for one of its stature. The column he planned on the model of Trajan's Column at Rome never came to fruition, but Bernward revived classical precedent by having his name stamped on roof tiles made under his direction.
Last Judgment
at Aimes Cathedral Christ in judgment Angels above Below Christ: left to purgatory, right to Hell Mouth
Temple of Zeus
at Olympia; doric columns; statue of god made of ivory, gold and marble, so pillaged
Massacre of Innocents
at the time of the birth of Jesus, Herod, hoping to squelch any possible threat to his throne, ordered the death of all males babies born in Bethlehem during a two-year period determined by the appearance of an extraordinary "star in the East." Joseph, warned in a dream, took Mary and Jesus and fled to Egypt, thus escaping the massacre.
Seated Scribe
at tomb of Kai; shows high position in society because writing/reading rare; almost always seated - use kilt as surface; stylus on papyrus; not idealized - realisitic
cathedral complex
baptistry, cathedral, bell tower
Treasury of Atrius
beehive tomb of Agamemnon; post and lintel design with relief triangle; no concrete - only stone
Athenian Acropolis
began as an open space for artists and farmers would display their wares; over time public and private structures were erected
Euphronios
best known red figure painter; especially known for his study of human anatomy
Maxiniamus
bishop of Ravenna shown in Justinian's mosaic
dressed stone
blocks of stone that have been cut and shaped to fit in a particular place for a particular purpose; Minoans had first use of this
lapis lazuli
blue color
Hippopotamus
blue from habitat with lotus blossoms so in tangle of plants; jade or ceramic or wood
Holland
bourgeois
Sesostris I
bowling hat = Upper (in this sculpture); shows also with Lower Egypt Chair Hat but never together; wood -> plastic -> paint; free-standing
Menelaus
brother is the king of Sparta; marries Helen
St Patrick
brought Christianity to Ireland and learning flourished 5th century
rock-cut tombs
burial places hollowed out of the faces of cliffs
Sutton Hoo
burial ship treasure which was buried in a mount in East Anglia - believed to be royal - found a collection of expensive luxury items
moscophoros
calf-bearer; Archaic smile, hair, and eyes
Napoleon
called for the first excavation of Egyptian pyramids
Ottoman Turks
captured Constantinople in 1453 and rename it Istanbul; as a result the Byzantine people flee to Italian City-States which becomes a catalyst for the expansion of language and art
Ashlar masonry
carefully cut stones-was used around doors and windows and corners
Myron, Discus Thrower
catches the athlete in a critical moment, the breathless instant before the concentrated energy of his body will unwind to propel the discus into space. His torso is coiled tightly into a forward arch, and his powerful throwing arm is poised at the top of his backswing
pilgrimmage church
church that someone would make a pilgrimmage to (for a relic or piece of artwork)
monopteral/tholos
circular sphere
Sumer
cities and city states around rivers of Southern Mesopotamia; copper and bronze; wagon wheel, plow; cuneiform
vedute
city views; souvenir art
temple complex
cluster of religious, administrative, and service buildings
Rahotep and Nofret
color of skin and make-up: men more tan, women white; more realistic; looking past-prospective; limestone
peripteral
columns (peristyle) all around outside; both ends the same
peristyle
columns all around interior
Roman painting style #4
combination of 3 styles; fresco buon technique (wet plaster applied to wall); red and yellow = Pompeiian
Aphrodite of Melos (Venus de Milo)
combination of Classical and Hellenistic but falls in Hellenistic period; not emotional, perfect, half-draped, S-curve
dipteral
combination of peristyle/peripteral: columns on inside and all around; least frequently seen
Priestess of Bacchus
commemorates a marriage and joining of two families 390-401 AD - Late Empire ivory diptyzh dedicated to Bacchus - wine shows pagan religious practices typical Roman dress other side = husband's family
Djoser
commissioned the earliest known monumental architecture in Egypt; six mastaba like elements of decreasing size on top of each other
Haito
commissioner of St Gall
Manetho
compiled a chronological list of Egypt's rulers since the most ancient times; grouped kings into dynasties and included length of each king's reign
Chimaera
composite ancient animal with a lion's head and body, a goat's neck springing from the spine, and a snake for a tail angry, snarling, wounded, the chimera is posed for attack richly articulated anatomy; spikelike mane; hurt defensive posture
Elam
conflicted with Mesopotamia but also had close cultural ties; stole treasure from Mesopotamia to Susa (their capital)
subject matter
context in which the art is made (ex: social, religious, political, and economic)
Hathor
cow with really long horns and a female face
Chinoseries
creates a scene in a country he never visited - creates it in his imagination
graver
cutting tool used by engravers and sculptors
Lady of Auxerre
daedalic style; Most likely she originated in Crete. Maiden (female = Kore pl. Kori), statue of a goddess. Popularly named after the French town that is her oldest known provenance. We are uncertain as to whether she is a mortal or a deity. She wears a long skirt and a cape, as seen on the Prinias women, but the Auxerre maiden has no headdress. The right hand across the chest is most likely a gesture of prayer, this indicates that this is a kore. Only a little over 2 feet tall this figure appears to be much larger than she actually is, however she is smaller than the seated goddess of Prinias, but larger than most of the bronze pieces of this era. This figure is Daedalic, after the legendary artist, Daedalus, whose name means the skillful one. Characteristic of the daedalic style is the triangular flat-topped head framed by long strands of hair that form complementary triangles to that of the face. Also typical are the small belted waist and a fondness for pattern: the pattern on the skirt is covered with geometric squares, once brightly painted.
Enheduama
daughter of Sargon I of Akkad: princess and high priestess
Ariadne
daughter of king who falls in in with Theses; gets dumped on island-Naxos
senusert
death mask
Battle of Issus
decisive battle (333 BC) in which Alexander the Great defeated the Persians under Darius III
apotheosis
deification of a person or thing; in art, often shown as an ascent to heaven or glory, borne by an eagle, angels, or putti
Khafra
depicted on lion throne (regal authority); Horus on back of head; lotus and papyrus on throne = united
Adoration of the Magi
depiction of the visit of the Christ child by the three kings from the East
Dark Age
depopulation, poverty, loss of outside contact
Theater of Pompeii
design evolves into amphi (both) theaters for naval battles and gladiatorial shows
incising
design or inscription is cut into a hard surface (like clay) with a sharp instrument; used with stamps to sign documents and seal document
Assurbanipal and His Queen in the Garden
domestic scene of celebration
fete galante
elegant outdoor entertainment
peplos kore
encaustic painting (wax); wears simple long woolen belted garment, gives female figure a column like appearance
pseudo-dipteral
engaged
Ishtar Gate
entrance to the city of Babylon; goes to the Temple of Marduk; symbol of power; tiers of mushhushshu
Portal of Cordoba
entryway horseshoe
Shahnama
epic poem written by Ferdowsi, talks about the epic of Iran and related society, talks about the adherents of Zoroastrianism
Hellenistic
everyday mortals, individual emotion, melodramatic, figures plunge into space, demand an emotional response from the viewer
Sir Arthur Evans
excavated Palace of Knossos; developed chronology from Minoan Art
sham buildings
exquisitely carved masonry shells filled with debris; provided so dead king could continue to observe the sed rituals that had ensured his long reign
Thutmose III
extended influence of Egypt; first to be called pharaoh: "Great House"
Dome of Masjid-i Shah
exterior decorated Islamic: calligraphy, arabesque, etc
veneer
exterior facing
lamassus
extraordinary guardian-protectors of palaces and throne rooms; 5 legs: front=immobile, side=mobile, symbolize strength of ruler they defend and wealth (=power); inspire civic pride and fear
High
exuberance of Bernini & Rubens
wedjat
eye of Horus
Uruk female
eyebrows meet (very Mesopotamian), cheeks bulge, eyebrows inlaid
capriccio
fanciful or naturalistic
Alexander the Great
father = Phillip of Macedonia; tutor = Aristotle, united Greek city states, used coin to spread image
Pisano
father and son who sculpted pulpit at Pisa
horror vacui
fear of empty space
red figure
figures left unpainted and turned black in the firing opposite of black figure painter
Imhotep
first architect in Egypt; Prime minister to Djoser and designed his funerary complex
Uruk
first independent city-state; 2 temple complexes; Inama and Anu
mastaba
flat-topped, one-story building with slanted walls erected above an underground burial chamber; most common tomb structure; mud brick, later cut stone
St Luke
from Ottonian Gospel East - like Christ in Mandorla - attributes show person
Sarcophagus with Indian Triumph
funerary art Dionysius 215-225 AD marble - from Greece; found in Rome late Imperial panthers - celebration of Dionysius and return from India and exotic animals bird's nests and snake attackign a lizard on teh tree nymphs on Dionysius's shoulders 2nd register - Dionysius life cycle - demigod - father Zeus and mother Semele (human) saw Zeus in god form and burst into ashes - Dionysius protected
propylaia
gate of Athenian Acropolis
Osiris
god of the underworld (mummified)
Maat
god of truth (woman with ostrich feather in hair)
Amasis Painter, Dionysos with Maenads
god with female worshippers
Aphrodite/Venus
goddess of love
florin
gold coin of Florence
graphic
graphite, ink, charcoal, pencil, crayon, etc.
lyre
harp; from tomb of King Meskalamdus or Ur; with bull (blue beard)
Early
harsh realism of Caravaggio
Quran
holy book of Islam
mushhushshu
horned dragons with the head and body of a snake, forelegs of a lion, and hind legs of a bird of prey - sacred to Marduk (patron god of Neo-Babylon); found on Ishtar Gate
study of content
iconography (study of symbols)
Palatine Chapel
in Aachen Germany like San Vitale but simple - massive geometric form foreshadows Romanesque royal chapel - Coronation of Louis the Pious - Charlemagne's son Central plan Upper level columns not for support - decorative
martyrium
in Christian architecture, a church, chapel, or shrine built over the grave of a martyr or the site of a great miracle
tympanium
in Classical architecture, the vertical panel of the pediment; in medieval and later architecture, the area over a door enclosed by an arch and a lintel, often decorated with sculpture or mosaic
pinnacle
in Gothic architecture a steep pyramid decorating the top of another element such as a buttress
stadium
in ancient Greece, a race track with tiers of seats for spectators
galleries
in church architecture, the stories found above the side aisles of a church, usually open to and overlooking the nave
Queen Nefertari Making an Offering to Isis
in her tomb; queen wears the vulture skin headdress of royalty, a royal collar, and a long semitransparent white linen gown; goddess, seated on her throne behind a table heaped with offerings, holds a long scepter in her left hand, the ankh in her right: she, too wears the vulture headdress, but hers is surmounted by the horns of Hathor framing a sun disk, clear indications of her divinity; skin color of females darker than usually and eyes and lips stand out before
Joseph in Prison
in prison with two other criminals; interpret their dreams - all released from prison
syncretism
in religion or philosophy, the union of different ideas or principles
King Redwald Burial Mask
iron-forged, like steel, brass, gold, and silver plate over it
Anubis
jackal-headed god; embalmer; "opens mouth" of dead
Paris
judge in Turkey judging apple contest between Hera, Athena, and Aphrodite; chooses Aphrodite who promises him a beautiful woman (Helen)
King Aegeus
kills himself when Theses forgets to put up a white sail to show that he defeated the minotaur
boss
knob or protrusion of stone or wood; at the top of a Corinthian capital
Garden of Nebanum
landscape on his tomb
Semitic
language of Muslims
photography
late 19th century
register
levels of art on a vase
Leochares?, Apollo Belvedere
little emotion, perfection in proportions, drapery
Lower
located in Northern Egypt; chair shaped hat
Upper
located in Southern Egypt; bowling pin shaped hat
Beni Hasan
location of Rock cut tombs in first intermediate period
clerestory
long row of windows openings - provide light and ventilation
bas/low relief
low raised
Carolingian miniscule
lower case letters
parish church
lowest ecclesiastical geographical subdivision of a church
Katholicon
major temple (church building) of a monastery, or diocese in the Eastern Orthodox Church; basilica and domes and spires, brick
Octavian (Augustus)
manipulated Romans with a political lie
pylon
massive gateway formed by pair of tapering walls of oblong shape
Hermes/Mercury
messenger and herald of the gods
multiple
mixed media
St Alexander Reliquary
modeled on earlier Roman portrait busts (Julius Caesar, etc) silver - repousse decorated with bronze and gold and precious jems brass base - 2 saints with Pope Alexander II human sized head
Nebuchadnezzar
most famous ruler of Neo-Babylon; built temples to the gods and improved Neo-Babylon
Justinian
mosaic frontal Left is clergy Right is military and court officials Gold background In the apse of San Vitale, facing the altar from opposite sides, are two panels in mosaic that portray the leading figures of the early Byzantine rule in Ravenna. In this image we see Emperor Justinian appearing in the midst of his courtiers. On the other, facing him as an equal, is the Empress Theodora in all her sovereign splendor. It is significant that the finest existing portrait of Justinian should be mosaic rather than in the form of a sculptured bust, a bronze figure on horseback or a colossal statue. It is just this medium that could best capture the unique spirit of his life and times. Justinian based his rule on the skillful use of legal and theological formulas as well as on naked military might. He was mainly concerned w/ codification of Roman law, presiding at religious councils, and reconciling different political points of view. This is all evident in this composition, in fact he is represented as a symbol of unity btw the spiritual force of the church on one hand and the temporal power of the state on the other. Preceding Justinian in the procession are the clergy men, and we see Arch bishop Maximian identified by name. His crucifix is held up as the spiritual and temporal lord of Ravenna. On Justinian's other side we see his courtiers and honor guard holding their jeweled swords. The shield w/ Chrismon insignia points to the status of the soldiers as defenders of faith. The Chrismon was a widely used monogram of the time, made of 2 Greek letters CHI (X) & RHO (P), which together form the abbreviation of Christ. Somewhat more allegorically, the letters become a combination of the Cross and the Sheppard's crook, which symbolize the Savior's death and pastoral mission. Justinian stands in the center magnificently clothed and crowned w/ imperial diadem. The observer is forced to recognize that his is no ordinary royal person but rather one who could sign his name as Emperor Caesar Flavius, Justinianus, Alamanicus, Francicus, Germanicus, etc. As great as Justinian's military exploits were, it is his works of peace that have endured. He is also remembered for his monumental code the Digest of Laws which prevailed for centuries through out Western world.
The Black Stone
most sacred stone in Islam
amarna
new artistic style established by Akhenaton
Akhetaten
new capital Amenhotep IV built
Hatsheput
notable female ruler; temple at Deir-el-Bahri and Valley of Kings and Queens; has an axial plan; her closest adviser, Sehenmut, was instrumental in carrying out her ambitious building program
Hildesheim Doors
now installed at St. Mary's Cathedral, which are sculpted with scenes of Genesis
Hildesheim Doors
now installed at St. Mary's Cathedral, which are sculpted with scenes of Genesis Bronze casted relief read from top of left (Old Testament) to bottom and bottom of right (New Testament) to top Most re-created scene = The Judgment
Coronation Gospels
number of medieval illuminated manuscript Gospel books; they have, at least by tradition, had a coronation oath sworn upon them at some point; oversized profile halos and similar posture
Coronation Gospels
number of medieval illuminated manuscript Gospel books; they have, at least by tradition, had a coronation oath sworn upon them at some point; oversized profile halos and similar posture Under Charlemagne Purple vellum Text in gold letters Color, light, and shade to create shapes Roman accessories Classical style
cartouche
oblong enclosing of names
Ti Watching a Hippopotamus Hunt
on his tomb; triumph of good over evil; animal = enemy to farmers; low relief because incised; additive from paint
drum
one of the stacked cylindrical stones that form the shaft of a column; hole in center that has a rod pass through
peristyle court
open courtyard ringed with columns and covered walkways
volute
ornament from Ionic capital resembling a rolled scroll
swag
ornament representing a garland of fruit or flowers draped in a curve between two points
historiated
ornamented with representations, such as plants, animals, or human figures, that have a narrative - as distinct from a purely decorative-function
sunken relief
outlines of figures carved into surface, instead of being formed by cutting away the background
Phidas
oversaw sculptural decoration of Parthenon, but it was the product of MANY individuals
echinus
ovolo molding between the shaft and the abacus of a Doric column
Roman painting style #1
painted (2D) - looks like tile = masonry
Books of the Dead
papyrus scrolls containing magical texts or spells to help dead survive tests where they're questioned by delegation of deities about behavior in life, and their hearts weighted on scale against ostrich feather (Maat)
paint
pigment/hue + binding element (ex: wax, oil, plaster, etc.)
sanctuaries
places where you are safe and can worship
lotus
plant representing Lower Egypt
papyrus
plant representing Upper Egypt
amphi-prostyle
porch on front and back
ware
pottery produced and decorated by the same technique
aniconism
practice or belief in avoiding or shunning the graphic representation of divine beings or religious figures; no images of human figures, very often found in Islamic art
cone mosaics
pressing colored cones of baked clay into wet plaster
technique
process of making the work (ex: paint, sculpt, etc.)
Spanish
realism & meticulous textures
dentil
rectangular or square elements equally spaced along a piece of molding creating a "tooth" pattern
Moarabic Spain
referring to the Christian Culture of Northern Spain during the time Islamic caliphs ruled Southern Spain
Warrior Vase
regular rhythm of marching men; only indication of woman's emotions is symbolic gesture of an arm raised to her head
St Foy
reliquary/radiating chapel - cranium of young martyr - gold and precious gems basilica transformed into cruciform rounded arches plain westwork Conques, France
Caliph al-Hakam II
renovated and expanded Great Mosque of Cordoba
Amenhotep IV
ruler who tries to make religion monotheistic with Aten as the almighty sun god
Blue Tooth Stone
rune stone - victorious warrior and interlacing
Roman painting style #2
same style on bottom; landscape/depth/housing
Giselbertus
sculptor who worked at St. Lazare, Autun
obelisk
slender, slightly tapered square shafts of stone that are capped by pyramidions
roundel
small circular motif
cylinder seal
small cylindrical store decorated with incised patterns when rolled across soft clay of wax, resulting in raised pattern or design (relief)
serdab
small, sealed room housing ka statue
abstract
something pulled away from anything that's real
Minos
son of Europa and Zeus and king of Crete; wife has minotaur born
Commodus as Hercules
son of Marcus Aurelius - successor not many political skills - frivilous marble bust thought he was a reincarnation of Hercules (people thought he was crazy) - shows 12 tasks made to glorify himself as related to Hercules
cyclopian masonry
stone construction using huge, irregular blocks without mortar; characteristic of Bronze Aegean age
iconography
study of significance and interpretation of subject matter of art (symbols)
illusionism
style: a trick of the eye
idealism
style: physical perfection
Ra
supreme god/judge; depicted as falcon
typology
symbolism through prefiguration
texture
tactile (ex: rough, polished, oily, etc.)
Parthenon
temple in Athens built to honor the goddess Athena
megaron
temples are designed on ___________ (great hall or central room)
Muhammad
the Arab prophet who founded Islam
acropolis
the citadel of an ancient Greek city, located at its highest point and housing temples, a treasury, and sometimes a royal palace
caliph
the civil and religious leader of a Muslim state considered to be a representative of Allah on earth
pendentives
the concave triangular sections of a vault that form the transition between a square or polygonal space and the circular base of a dome
landscape
the creation of artificial landforms, lakes, and contrived planting to produce an ideal nature; a painting in which a natural outdoor scene or vista is the primary subject
Crucifixion
the death of Jesus on the cross
S-curve
the figure's body and posture is depicted like a sinuous or serpentine "S". It is related to and is an extension of the art term of contrapposto which is when a figure is depicted slouching or placing one's weight and thus center of gravity to one side. However, it involves more of the body than the contrapposto, and is therefore considered to be a more advanced technical development.
form
the formal qualities
sheikh
the leader of an Arab village or family
architrave
the lowest part of an entablature
voussoirs
the oblong, wedge-shaped stone blocks used to build an arch; the topmost one is the keystone
Gero Crucifix
the oldest large sculpture of the crucified Christ north of the Alps commissioned by Gero, Archbishop of Cologne, who died in 976, thus providing a terminus ante quem for the work. It is carved in oak, and painted and partially gilded - both have been renewed Reliquire - hosts for Communion carved in oak, then painted and guilded - encaustic (wax) Both statue and reliquary Held Host in compartment in back Tales of miracles occurred with it - Broken and healed itself Shows suffering of Christ - all-to-human martyr Halo - subsequent Resurrection most powerful characterization of intense agony of early Middle ages
springing
the point at which the curve of an arch or vault meets with and rises from its support
sinopia
the preparatory design or underdrawing of a fresco; Also: a reddish chalklike earth pigment
Cathedral
the principal Christian church in a diocese, built in the bishop's administrative center and housing his throne (diocesan)
orant
the representation of a standing figure praying with outstretched and upraised hands
flute
the shallow concave groove on the shaft of a column
entablature
the structure consisting of the part of a classical temple above the columns between a capital and the roof
embroidery
the technique in needlework of decorating fabric by stitching designs and figures with threads; also: the material produced by this technique
impasto
thick applications of pigment that give a painting a palpable surface texture
Proto-Geometric
this pottery could be categorized as ______________ because linear motifs, spirals, diamonds and cross-hatching
Beehive Tomb
tholoi (circular shape); cyclopean construction; entrance facade; stone surface incised with geometric bands called chevrons
tripartite
three distinct parts
Polykleitos, Spear Bearer (Doryphoros)
to artist, the perfect canon of proportions; originally bronze, Romans made a marble copy
Noli me tangere
touch me not
bronze
trademark of the Aegean society was the use of
Kritian Boy
transition from Archaic to Early Classical; looks more real/natural
Aulus Metellus
transition: late Etruscan -> Early Republic some = "The Orator"
diptych
two panels of equal size (usually decorated with paintings of reliefs) hinged together
faience
type of ceramic covered with colorful, opaque, glazes-form a smooth, impermeable surface
stele
upright stone slab
canopic jars
used to hold organs: stomach, lungs, liver, intestines
Siena Cathedral
variegated black and white companile attached to building
hypostyle hall
vast hall filled with columns to support roof
vellum
very fine parchment
high relief
very raised
didactic
visual teaching tool - because people can't read
Theses
volunteers to go into labyrinth; is successful
lost-wax casting
wax mold covered with clay and plaster, fired, and melted: hollow form-molten metal is poured and cooled-leaves solid metal form that is smoothed and polished
Chiton kore
wears chiton (garment) and himation (cloak)
Portrait of a Married Couple (Pompeii)
wedding portrait in exedra of house shows they are educated 70-79 CE kind of equal
voussoir
wedge-shaped stone building block used in constructing an arch or vault
Dominicans
were founded by Saint Dominic in the early 13th century, who saw the need for greater education and engagement of intellectual society. As the name implies, the charism of them is primarily preaching and teaching, for the conversion of souls
Franciscans
were founded in the 13th century by Saint Francis, who, in a vision, was charged by God to rebuild My Church; are typically characterized by their lives of simplicity, penance, poverty, and love for the poor.
Akhenaten and His Family
wife Nefertiti (co-rule) and three children; incised- low relief; sunken relief; sun shining down on them; unusual, casual interaction with family
Queen Tiy
wife of Amenhotep III and Amenhotep IV's mother; 1st version with silver headdress; later added a brown cap with glass beads over the funeral headdress and a plumed crown
Nefertiti
wife of Amenhotep IV; dramatic use of color; idealized
Hildesheim column
with 28 scenes taken from Christ's life - of those not on doors - From Baptism -> Jerusalem Entry from the St. Michael's church 1015 casted 13' high - inside cathedral
Hildesheim column
with 28 scenes taken from Christ's life; from the St. Michael's church
Funerary Stele of Amenemhat I
with Hapi guarding food, Queen Iji and son Antel
arriccio
The layer of relatively coarse plaster that is the first layer applied to a wall in the making of a fresco; The foundation layer of plaster that will support the intonaco and pigment
shaft
The tall, cylindrical part of a column between the capital and the base
stylobate
The uppermost step of the platform; supports the columns.
Da Vinci
TheLast Supper (c.1495-98)
Persia, Athens, Athena, civilization, barbarism
Themes of Parthenon: triumph over _________ preeminence of _______ due to favor of ________ triumph of _________ over _________
bulbous
These Minoan capitals resemble later Greek Doric capitals
Orsanmichele, Nanni Di Banco, Four Crowned Saints
These statues are at _______________ They are by ____________ They are called the ________________
Hawara
This is a mummy wrapping of a young boy from _________; the body was wrapped in linen strips, with a Roman-style portrait painted on a wood panel in encaustic (hot colored wax), inserted over the face
Ghiberti
This is the final design of __________ (who won the contest)
Lioness Gate
This is the outer gateway, left is protected by a natural rock. On the right is a man-made wall. Enemies would have to face this 20 ft wide channel with Mycenaean soldiers above them on both sides of the wall. Post and Lintel above Lintel is the Corbel Arch which lightens the weight carried by the lintel itself. The corbel arch or relieving triangle depicts 2 decorative relief carvings of lions or possibly sphinxes. The heads were separate and have since been lost, but one can still see that the animals are carved in high relief and they are resting their forepaws on a stand that carries a Minoan style column. The animals are carved w/ vigor filling a triangular space. There is a sense of harmony found with in the dignity, strength and scale of the massive stones and entrance gate.
Hagia Sophia
This is the plan of _____
Alexander
This ruler of Macedonia created the first political portrait
Apollo by Mantiklos
This sculpture was dedicated to a god by Mantiklos. A message from the dedicator to the deity is inscribed on the thigh. The message reads, "Mantiklos dedicated me as a tithe to the far shooting Lord of the Silver Bow; you Phoibos (Apollo), might give some pleasing favor in return." The Greeks conceived their gods in human form and because of this, we can not be sure if this is Mantiklos or Apollo. However if the left hand once held the bow cited in the message then we are dealing with the deity. The artist pays careful attention to the detail in the hair and the sculpted stomach and pectoral muscles, which give shape to the triangular torso. The youthful figure's long hair subsequently elongates the neck. The deep eye sockets were once inlaid with stones, and their may have been a helmet on the head. At the time of this sculpture there was an increase in Greek trade and colonization, and Greek artists were exposed to many Eastern pieces, like small ivory carvings. This close frequent contact to the near east had a profound impact on Greek art, hence this period has been dubbed "Orientalizing."
cult of relics
Thought that powers of the saint might be manifested through his relics and things associated with; was criticized from its inception by purists who regarded it as pagan. Vigilantius in a dispute with St Jerome condemned the veneration of all inanimate objects such as the bodies of saints. Jerome responded by saying that the relics themselves were not worshipped but were an aid to the veneration of martyrs of undoubted holiness whose lives were a model to later generations
Khufu, Khafra, Menkaura
Three kings buried at Giza?
Old Palace, Second Palace, Late Minoan
Three periods of Minoan Art
St Maurice, Magdeburg Cathedral, Maximilian
Title/Who it is: Where is it located? Who killed this person?
Brandenburg Gate, Frederick William II, Prussia, quadriga, Victory
Title: Commissioned by ________________ of ________ topped by _________ with ________ as the charioteer. Designed on the Propylaia of Athens
St Peter's Colonnade
Title: Arms of St Peter embracing you - 284 columns, 4 deep Trapezoid at top, oval at bottom
Well of Moses, Claus Sluter, John
Title: Artist: Patron: _____ the Fearless (Phillip's Son)
St Anthony Tormented by Demons, Schongauer
Title: Artist: (king of incising) used cross-hatching, not parallel-hatching tonal value
Les Tres Riches Heures, Limbourg Brothers, Duc de Berry, nobility, commonfolk
Title: Artists: Patron: Contrast between __________ and ____________
Cathedra Petri, chair, sun, Holy Spirit
Title: Original ______ = wooden and encased Rays of light collecting _____ Center = ___________
Scala Regia, Bernini
Title: Restored by _________ Colonnaded Columns composite barrel vault channels light down symbol above door = papal insignia
Hall of Mirrors, Versailles, Romanesque, Venetians, chandeliers, military conquests, Bourbons, pagan gods
Title: Where is it? -____________ arches - frame windows to look at gardens - mirrors right across - made of panels - only people with mirror technology = ___________ -___________ were made of hand-cut crystal -Gold -Ceiling - difference scenes from ______________ - reinforce power/importance of __________ - assisted by __________
El Escorial, Phillip II, Spain, palace complex, Roman camp, Catholic, crpyt
Title: ___________'s palace Location: 1st new monarch to build a ______________ Like a ______________ - square with towers on four corners ___________ Church on the inside - ________ - king and queen burial
Chennoceaux, France, labyrinth, chateau
Title: gardens in ________ more controlled than in England - reflects political power Contains a __________ (inspired by ancient Greek myths) Building is called a __________
Temple of Aphaia
To give a sense of 3-d the sculptor would place some figures behind others, overlapping as many as 3 of them varying the depth of the relief. To counter any sense of deep recession, all the figures would be the same height with their feet on the same ground line. The long pediments of Greek Temples provided a perfect stage for storey telling, but the triangular pediment provided a problem in composition. The sculptor of this pediment provided a creative solution that became a design standard. The subject of the pediment rendered in fully 3-d figures, is the sack of Troy
St Sernin
Toulouse 1080 AD plain very few windows rounded archways = Romanesque oculus no westwork because no towers cruciform apse with transcept, radiating chapels (apsidel chapel), nave steeple covered center of cruciform
Riace Warrior
Transitional or Early/5th Classical Period; original bronze; naked; movement of feet - contrapposta; lost in ship wreck so not melted down; has many detailed elements to the eye and touch. The navel the swelling veins in the backs of the hands, and the strand by strand rendering of the hair. We also see an idealized, youthful smoothness to the rest of the body. Life-like elements were also added by inserting eyeballs of bone and colored glass, applying eyelashes and eyebrows of separately cast fine strand of bronze, also insetting the lips & nipples w/ pinkish copper, and plating the teeth that show btw the parted lips. Originally he held a shield and sword, most likely commemorating a military victory
Bishop Bernwald
Tutors Otto III as the Bishop of Hildesheim from 993 until his death in 1022. His time in office fell during the era of the Saxon emperors, who had their roots in the area around Hildesheim and were personally related to Bernward. During this time, Hildesheim was a center of power in the Holy Roman Empire and Bernward was determined to give his city an image fitting for one of its stature. The column he planned on the model of Trajan's Column at Rome never came to fruition, but Bernward revived classical precedent by having his name stamped on roof tiles made under his direction.
Mamluks
Under the Islamic system of military slavery, Turkic military slaves who formed an important part of the armed forces of the Abbasid Caliphate of the ninth and tenth centuries; eventually founded their own state, ruling Egypt and Syria
catacombs
Underground cemeteries (kata=under, cumbo=lie down) Under Hadrian Romans renounced cremation Used because sacrosanct to Romans so not pursued Not used after 6th century Many early art examples found there
Phiale Painters, Hermes bringing the infant Dionysos to Papposilenos
White-ground vases became popular in the Classical Period. A highly refined clay slip produced the white ground on which the design elements were painted. After firing the vessel, the artists frequently added details and areas of bright and pastel hues using tempera, a paint made form egg yolks, water, and pigments. B/c the tempera paints were fragile, these colors flaked off easily, and a few perfect examples have survived
Brunelleschi
Who created this design?
Ghiberti
Who created this design?
Shamash
Who is the person sitting down on the right?
De Kooning
Woman series (Woman I, etc.) (early 1950s)
The Priam Painter, Women at a Fountain House
Women getting water (out of the house), red figure
Dickens and Zola
Writers of Avant-Guarde/Realism
Cupid/Cupid
Young child or infant of god of love
Trajan's Column, Apollodorus of Damascus, Daccians, military
__________ (title) __________ (artist) victory over _______ shows ________ strategies of Romans 113 CE Empire commissioned by Roman Senate In Trajan's forum Trajan took down form top, St. Peter put up marble one of the 1st circular (spiral) friezes becomes standard of victory columns Trajans and wives ashes underneath propaganda son of Vespatis emperor
Tetrarchs, St Mark's, porphyry
___________ (title) Venice - corner of ______ Basilica ________ - purple rock (royalty and rare) 4 rulers: 2 senior emperors - Augusus and 2 ceasar 305 AD same but ceasars do not have beard - same = stylized and isocephalic symbolizes unity/stability since portraited together responsible and august from East - Diocletian
Arch of Constantine, three, roundels
___________ (title) ______ portals: more ornate on exterior, ________ - only arch - connecting Constantine to events in Roman time triumphal arch - 313 AD - late Empire victory over Maxentius converted to Christianity civil and military duties friezes from other monuments of emperors - time purposes: wanted to be on level with 3 emperors: Trajan, Hadrian, and Marcus Aurelius
Gemma Augustea, Dioscurides
___________ (title) ___________ (artist) - Augustus' favorite sculpture of gems Early Empire - meant to glorify Augustus ornament - made of onynx; low relief 2 registers - bottom = conquered barbarians at Parthia top = Augustus crowned by Tellis - coronoa covica - authority over all wife Livia - medalian in between with goat (Capricorn) beneath = eagle (Jupiter) left = sea serpent right = Germanicus Tiberius and winged Nike
Tutankhamun, Thebes
___________ returned Egypt to its traditional religious beliefs and changed his name; he also turned his back on Akhenaten's new city and moved his court to _______
Pantheon, Hadrian, oculus, coffered, exedra, self supporting, Marcus Agrippa
____________ (title) 118-128 AD - Empire Period _______ commissioned it rotunda and dome and _______ (opening in roof) and ________ ceiling _________ - niches all around and alternating with bronze statues 1st ______ ________ dome artist: _____________ made of concrete with brick facade temple to Olympian gods - Rome - walls = 20 feet thick; front = Corinthian columns perfect proportions and Middle Ages church
Hadrian's Villa, reflection pool
____________ (title) 125-138 CE Tivily great emperor - arts patron (Greek) canopus: Egyptian love shown in the ____________ caryatids - replicas of Erechthion caryatids vacation home for other rulers, too and entertainment
Septimius Severus and Family, Caracalla, Geta, poundel
____________ (title) 2 sons = _______ (defaced) and _______ ________ = portrait in the round from Egypt: 145-211 AD tempera on wood - egg yokes wife - daughter of Sirian priests only known painted portrait of him 1st emperor who was not a true Roman - born in Africa
Marcus Aurelius, equestrian, Constantine
____________ (title) ____________ portraiture 175 CE - bronze -like portraits of Augustus no weapons/armor - conquered by will of gods (reaching out to people) dominant figure over horse originally believed to be ____________ so saved and not melted down head like philosopher portrait: mix of Republican and Empire horse leg raised - may originally been a trampled barbarian underneath same family line as Hadrian and Trajan
Young Flavian Woman, drill
____________ (title) hair - made of _____ - new technique marble 90 CE Rome face = hammer and chiset don't know who she is - shows style of day
Arch of Titus, Judea
____________ (title) made by Domitian for brother Titus over defeat of _______ Rome - limestone and marble triumphal arch bringing spoils home from conquered people limestone and marble one side Jews possessions other side Titus coming in chariot
Ludovisi Sarcaphagus, horror vacui
____________ (title) piled on top of each other - _____________ coffin made of stone decorated with battle between barbarians and Romans anti-Classical marble: 250-260 AD: Rome, Italy mythms - on horse - leader
Audience Hall of Constantius Chlorus, churches
_____________ (title) exterior view of basilica (law court with apse sticking out) archways (rounded) = Roman intact because become __________
Antinous, Hadrian, Osiris, marble
_____________ (title) lover of ________ (emperor) depicted as __________ ______ (Medium) holding Horus wands taking a step forward idealized contrapposta and negative space = not Egyptain compared to Khafra or Menkaure
Forum Boarium, Hercules, Tholos
______________ (title) believed to originally have been Temple of _______ ______ style Early Republic in cattle market colonnade all around - monopteral acanthus leaves and volutes all around - Corinthian with volujtess cella on inside store finished, with marble by river because associated with trade
History Painting, Angelica Kauffmann, classical
______________= Highest form of painting ______________ inspired artists to paint __________ history
Family of Vunnerius Keramus, golden leaf, Vunnerius Hercules
_______________ (title) ___________ (material) - and sealed between glass Patron - _____________ ___________ Family Gropu 250 AD - start of Late Roman Empire architect unknown later in breasia cross tried to emphasize almond eyes and pupil
Maison Carre, Agrippa
________________ (title) 1-10 CE - Early Empire Corinthian and pseudo-peripteral Near Classical Augustan Style arch - Marcus Vipsanius _________ (did Pantheon) in Nimes, France limestone with marble chesing pediment looks like Temple of Fortunas - different because this one's Corinthian and in city
Fowling Scene, Nebamun
________________ from tomb of __________; papyrus, fish, more recent, realistic, still Egyptian convention
Book of Durrow
a 7th-century illuminated manuscript gospel book in the Insular style the oldest extant complete illuminated Insular gospel book Weds abstraction of early Medieval personal adornment with Early Christian pictorial imagery Each of 4 Gospel Books - carpet page - facing a page dedicated to the symbol of the evangelist Elaborate interlace design - Highlight divisions of text
Book of Durrow
a 7th-century illuminated manuscript gospel book in the Insular style the oldest extant complete illuminated Insular gospel book contains a large illumination programme including six extant carpet pages, a full page miniature of the four evangelists' symbols, four full page miniatures, each containing a single evangelist symbol, and six pages with significant decorated initials and text. It is written in majuscule insular script (in effect the block capitals of the day), with some lacunae
oinochoe
a Greek wine jug with a round mouth and a curved handle
scarab
a beetle shaped ornament sacred to the Egyptians; it represented rebirth
codex
a book, or a group of manuscript pages (folios), held together by stitching or other binding on one side
treasury
a building or room for keeping valuable (and often holy) objects
baldichine
a canopy (whether suspended from the ceiling, projecting from a wall, or supported by columns) placed over an honorific or sacred space such as a throne or church altar
Ottonians
a dynasty of Germanic Kings (919-1024), named after its first emperor but also known as the Saxon dynasty after the family's origin. The family itself is also sometimes known as the Liudolfings, after its earliest known member Liudolf and one of its primary leading-names. They are also regarded as the first dynasty of the Holy Roman Empire, as successors of the Frankish Carolingian dynasty and Charlemagne, who is commonly viewed as the founder of the Holy Roman Empire.
hieratic
a figure is made bigger to emphasize importance as opposed to putting them in the foreground
quatrefoil
a four-lobed decorative pattern common in Gothic art and architecture
cartoon
a full-scale drawing used to transfer the outline of design onto a surface (such as a wall, canvas, panel, or tapestry) to be painted, carved, or woven
congregation
a group of people who have come together
illuminated manuscript
a handwritten book decorated with bright colors and precious metals
minbar
a high platform or pulpit in a mosque
lintel
a horizontal element of any material carried by two or more vertical supports to form an opening
finial
a knoblike architectural decoration usually found at the top point of a spire, pinnacle, canopy, or gable; also found on furniture
apse
a large semicircular or polygonal (and usually vaulted) niche protruding from the end wall of a building; in a Christian church, it contains the altar
Propylon
a large, often elaborate gateway to a temple or other important building or group of buildings
basilica plan
a large, rectangular building; often built with a clerestory, side aisles separated from the center nave by colonnades and an apse at one or both ends; Roman centers for church use; Constantine's architects added a transverse aisle at the end of the nave called a transept
iwan
a large, vaulted chamber in a mosque with a monumental arched opening on one side
trompe l'oeil
a manner of representation in which the appearance of natural space and objects is re-created with the express intention of fooling the eye of the viewer, who may be convinced that the subject actually exists as three-dimensional reality
burin
a metal instrument used in engraving to curt lines into the metal plate; the sharp end of it is trimmed to give a diamond-shaped cutting pint while the other end is finished with a wooden handle that fits into the engraver's palm
lost wax process
a method of casting metal, such as bronze, by a process in which a wax mold is covered with clay and plaster, then fired, melting the wax and leaving a hollow form molten metal is then poured into the hollow space and slowly cooled; when the hardened clay and plaster exterior shell is removed, a sold metal form remains to be smoothed and polished
slip
a mixture of clay and water applied to a ceramic object as a final decorative coat; also: a solution that binds different parts of a vessel together, such as the handle and the main body
abbey church
a monastery under the supervision of an abbot or a convent under the supervision of an abbess
Minotaur
a mythical monster with the head of a bull and the body of a man
Utrecht Psalter
a ninth century illuminated psalter which is a key masterpiece of Carolingian art; it is probably the most valuable manuscript in the Netherlands. It is famous for its 166 lively pen illustrations, with one accompanying each psalm and the other texts in the manuscript
folio
a page or leaf in a manuscript or book; also, a large sheet of paper or parchment, which, when folded twice and cut, produces four separate sheets; more generally, any large book
buon fresco
a painting technique in which water-based pigments are applied to a surface of wet plaster; the color is absorbed by the plaster, becoming a permanent part of the wall
international gothic
a phase of Gothic art which developed in Burgundy, Bohemia, France and northern Italy in the late 14th century and early 15th century. It then spread very widely across Western Europe In this period, artists and portable works such as illuminated manuscripts traveled widely around the continent, creating a common aesthetic among the royalty and higher nobility and considerably reducing the variation in national styles among works produced for the courtly elites. The main influences were northern France, the Duchy of Burgundy, the Imperial court in Prague, and Italy. Royal marriages such as that between Richard II of England and Anne of Bohemia also helped to spread the style. It was initially a style of courtly sophistication, but somewhat more robust versions spread to art commissioned by the emerging mercantile classes and the smaller nobility.
compound pier
a pier or large column with shafts, pilasters, or colonnettes attached to it on one or more sides
balustrade
a railing at the side of a staircase or balcony to prevent people from falling - looks like a fence; on Notre Dame for example
mihrab
a recess or niche that distinguishes the wall oriented toward Mecca (qibla) in a mosque
St Gall
a religious complex in the city of St. Gallen in present-day Switzerland. The Carolingian-era Abbey has existed since 719 and became an independent principality during the 13th century, and was for many centuries one of the chief Benedictine abbeys in Europe. It was founded by Saint Othmar on the spot where Saint Gall had erected his hermitage. The library at the Abbey is one of the richest medieval libraries in the world
scriptorium
a room in a monastery for writing or copying manuscripts
sanctuary
a sacred or holy enclosure used for worship; in ancient Greece and Rome, consisted of one or more temples an an altar
caryatid
a sculpture of a draped female figure acting as a column supporting an entablature
module
a segment or portion of a repeated design; also, a basic building block
canon of proportions
a set of ideal mathematical ratios based on measurements of the human body
kylix
a shallow Greek vessel or cup, used for drinking, with a wide mouth and a small handle near the rim
Lekythos
a slim Greek oil vase with one handle and a narrow mouth
red figure
a style and technique of ancient Greek vase painting characterized by red clay-colored figures on a black background; the figures are reversed against a painted grown and the details are drawn, not engraved
naturalistic
a style of depiction that seeks to imitate the appearance of nature; appears to record the visible world
abacus
a tablet placed horizontally on top of the capital of a column as an aid in supporting the architrave
column
a tall cylindrical vertical upright and used to support a structure: from the abacus to the stylobate
minaret
a tall slender tower on the exterior of a mosque from which believers are called to prayer
crenellation
alternate high and low sections of a wall, giving a notched appearance and creating permanent defensive shields in the walls of fortified buildings (seen in this sculpture of "The Assault with the Battering Ram"
variegated
alternating pattern of color
Kouros
an Archaic Greek statue of a young man or boy
Kore
an Archaic Greek statue of a young women
madrasa
an Islamic institution of higher learning, where teaching is focused on theology and law
contrapposto
an Italian term meaning "set against," used to describe the twisted pose resulting from parts of the body set in opposition to each other around a central axis
chiaroscuro
an Italian word designating the contrast of dark and light in a painting, drawing, or print; creates spatial depth and volumetric forms through gradations in the intensity of light and shadow
Delian League
an alliance headed by Athens that says that all Greek city-states will come together and help fight the Persians
amphora
an ancient Greek jar for storing oil or wine, with an egg-shaped body and two curved handles
Krater
an ancient Greek vessel for mixing wine and water, with many subtypes that each have a distinctive shape
flying buttresses
an arch built on the exterior of a building that transfers the thrust of the roof vaults at important stress points through the wall to a detached buttress pier leading to the wall buttress
squinch
an arch or lintel built across the upper corners of a square space, allowing a circular or polygonal dome to be more securely set above the walls
frieze
an architectural ornament consisting of a horizontal sculptured band between the architrave and the cornice
Ebbo Gospels
an early Carolingian illuminated Gospel book known for an unusual, energetic style of illustration; very realistic and had movement; naturalistic background (Rome); figures dressed like Greek/Roman philosophers Replaced classical calm ad solidity with energy that amounts to frenzy Matthew writing in frantic haste - not settled New Carolingian vernacular Merged Classical illusionism and norther line or tradition Nat
Court of the Lions
at the Alhambra stylized lions
Palette of Narmer
for first king; for make-up on eyes to reflect sun; left=conquering of people; right=unity; uses pictographs to convey that he ruled over a unified Egypt with a strong hand; put each part of body in most characteristic angle: head in profile, eyes frontal, shoulders frontal, and hips, legs, and feet in profile
Delian League
formed against Persia: Athens in charge of money, but spend it on city-state = Pelopenisian Wars
groin vault
formed at the point at which two barrel vaults intersect at right angles; also known as a cross vault
Repousse
formed in relief by beating a metal plate from the back, leaving the impression on the face
oracles
fortune tellers (most important = Delphi)
Heinrich Schliemann
found Hissarlik - with Troy; driven by literacy about Trojan War in the Iliad and the Odyssey
Abd al-Rahman
founder of the Ummayad dynasty
fresco secco
fresco created by painting on dried plaster, and the color may flake off
Alexander the Great Confronts Darius III at the Battle of Issos
fresco, original mosaic; Alexander the Great conquering while Darius retreats
Alhambra
from Granada, Spain
Sculptors at Work
from Saqqara Dynasty (5th); sculptors in conventional pose while statues in full profile (reality)
Woman Spinning
from Susa
Flotilla fresco
from port of Akrotiri on island of Thera in the Cycladic Islands; Akrotini was destroyed by a volcano and rediscovered in 1967
vertical shaft
from top of mastaba to burial chamber
double anta temple
front and back the same
Mask of Agamemnon
funerary mask-for spirit; repousse; may not actually be him; More primitive than that of King Tut's funerary mask. However it is the Greeks 1st attempt to render the human face at life size. Not known if the Mycenaean masks were intended to be exact portraits, but different facial features are recorded with care. There is a distinct difference from that of the young faces and the mature ones. This mask is of a mature man indicated by the facial hair., perhaps a king.
Niobid Painters, Apollo and Artemis slaying the children of Niobe
get their name from this krater where one side is devoted to the massacre of the Niobids, the children of Niobe, by Apollo and Artemis. Niobe, who had 12 children boosted she was superior to the goddess Leto, who only had 2 kids. To punish her arrogance and teach the lesson that no mortal could be superior to any god or goddess, Leto sent her 2 children to slay all of Niobi's sons and daughters. Schematic landscape among rocks and trees, disposed figures on several levels. Actively interacting with their setting. One son fallen on rocky outcropping & he's partially hidden by it. Face is draw in 3 quarter view, something not attempted before
fresco cycle
group of frescos that go together to make a story from the bible, technique that employs optical illusion to make an object appear farther away, closer, larger or smaller than it actually is
hand mirror
handle is formed by figure of a slender women, balancing a giant lotus blossom on her head; can be thought of as an attendant obediently holding the mirror for the person wishing to gaze in or or a fertility goddess supporting the sun disk to symbolize the blessings of Aten and the hope that the deceased would live eternally in peace
Illuminated Manuscript
have a long tradition. The picture and written word was developed in Egypt, and was advanced to a high degree in Hellenistic Greece. Thousands of manuscripts told stories of the Hebrew, Greek and Christian Culture that were available to the Early Christians to draw from for their mosaics. Constantine summoned numerous savants and literati from Alexandria, an intellectual center for both Jews and pagans since Hellenistic times. He established a library where these authorities gave instruction. He also was a great donar of manuscripts to the Church. Therefore Constantinople became a center of traditional and Christian learning which was transmitted by copying and recopying manuscripts through the centuries. The long scroll that was used by the Eygptians, Greeks, Etruscans and Romans was replaced by the codex, made like modern books to separate pages enclosed with a cover and bound on one side. The original material papyrus was replaced with vellum (calfskin) which was much more durable as well as parchment (lambskin). This helped the survival of these ancient documents. The script was carefully copied as faithfully as possible as well as the pictures within them. The shift went from scrolls, continuous narratives, to the codex, a series of individual pictures.
Rameses II at Abu Simbel
helped Egypt become a mighty empire; temple has 4 sculptures of him - isocephalic
Rameses II at Luxor
helped Egypt become a mighty empire; temple has an obelisk in the foreground
ignudi
heroic figures of nude young men
Samuel Annoiting David
hierarctic; Biblical tales but in Roman clothing
Menkaure Triad
high relief; Hother and nomes-divisions of Egypt; Menkaure=most important because stepped forward and bigger
Spring Fresco Landscape
hills, rocks, swallows, and flowers (bright colors against neutral lines)
color
hue, value (light or dark?), saturation/intensity (bright or dull?)
ka
human life force, or spirit; lived on after death-needs body, so sculptures
Book of Kells
illuminated manuscript Gospel book in Latin, containing the four Gospels of the New Testament together with various prefatory texts and tables. It was created by Celtic monks ca. 800 or slightly earlier. The text of the Gospels is largely drawn from the Vulgate, although it also includes several passages drawn from the earlier versions of the Bible known as the Vetus Latina. It is a masterwork of Western calligraphy and represents the pinnacle of Insular illumination. It is also widely regarded as Ireland's finest national treasure.
Bacchanal of the Andrians - Titian - High Italian Renaissance
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Banquet of the Officers of the Saint George Guard Company - Hals - Dutch Baroque
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Charles I at the Hunt - Van Dyck - Flemish Baroque
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Jolly Toper - Hals - Dutch Baroque
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Marie Arrices at Marseilles (from Marie de'medici series) - Rubens - Flemish Baroque
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Self-Portrait (age 23) - Rembrandt - Dutch Baroque
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Self-Portrait (age 54) - Rembrandt - Dutch Baroque
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Six's Bridge (Etching) - Rembrandt - Dutch Baroque
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Windmill at Wijk-bij-Duurstede - Ruisdael - Dutch Baroque
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Vesperbilder
image of the Virgin with the dead Christ; Created as an object of private devotion
votive
images dedicated to the gods or God; solemn
mosaic
images formed by small colored stone or glass pieces (tesserae), affixed to a hard, stable surface
crock and flail
implement used in threshing grain; both symbols closely associated with Osiris and were a traditional part of the royal regalia at the time
tympanum
in Classical architecture, the vertical panel of the pediment; in medieval and later architecture, the area over a door enclosed by an arch and a lintel, often decorated with sculpture or mosaic
stoa
in Greek architecture, a long roofed walkway, usually having columns on one long side and a wall on the other
radiating chapels
in Medieval churches, chapels for the display of relics that opened directly onto the ambulatory and the transcept
St Chapelle
in Paris not a church, but a reliquary rayonnant - light through stained glass
Great Mosque of Cordoba
in Spain Capital = Cordoba Hypostyle hall with 36 piers and 514 columns with double tiered arches for roof support Tesserae (tiles) for mosaics were brought from Constantinople as were the mosaicists Dome over the mihrab is on octagon of squinches Mosaics are by same mosaicists who completed the maqsura Ribs crisscross to form intricate decoration church rises out of center
oculus
in architecture, a circular opening; usually found either as windows or at the apex of a dome; when at the top of a dome, is either open to the sky or covered by a decorative exterior lantern
cartouche
in architecture, a decorative device or plaque, usually with a plain center used for inscriptions or epitaphs
jamb
in architecture, the vertical element found on both sides of an opening in a wall, and supporting an arch or lintel
galleria
in church architecture, the story found above the side aisles of a church, usually open to and overlooking the nave also, in secular architecture, a long room, usually above the ground floor in a private house or a public building used for entertaining, exhibiting pictures, or promenading; also a building or all in which art is displayed or sold
stylized
intellectual or artistic idea, not naturalistic appearance; ex. beard/hair, body parts
Praxiteles, Hermes and Infant Dionysos
interaction and S-curve/sway
Temple of Nike
ionic; amphi-prostyle; the earliest Ionic temple on the Acropolis, compensated by its prominent position on a steep bastion at the south west corner of the Acropolis to the right of the entrance (propylaea). There the citizens worshipped the goddess in hope of a prosperous outcome in the long war fought on land and sea against the Spartans and their allies. The Temple was an expression of Athens' ambition to be the leading Greek city state in the Peloponnese. The Temple sits within the sanctuary of Athena Nike, atop a bastion on the south flank of the great stair to the Athenian Acropolis
Exekias, Ajax and Achilles
limits conflict to a board game; Attic black amphora, whole vessel 24". Made by the best black figure painter ever. Intricate engraved cloak patterns and highlights with delicate touches of white. The arched formed by the backs of the figures is echoes the shape of the rounded shoulders of the amphora. The negative space between the 2 figures also echoes the shape of the vessel. The diagonal spears lead the viewers eye to the table of dice and the figures are looking down but theirs eyes are starring out at us like the old style. Even w/ his artistic brilliance he is still wedded to the old manner
northosite gneiss
material statue of Khafra is made of from Nubia that glows blue in sunlgiht
metope
panel between the triglyphs in a Doric frieze, often sculpted in relief
Bishop Wibald
patron of Stavelot reliquaries and triptychs
Pepy II and His Mother
paying homage to Queen Merye-ankhnes; likens her to Nekhbet and shows she is of royal blood
style
period, regional, representational
Nike Adjusting Her Sandal
plaque on wall of Temple of Nike that encloses the temple
gesso
plaster mixed with a binding material; a ground made from glue, gypsum, and/or chalk forming the ground of a wood panel or the priming layer of a canvas; provides a smooth surface for painting
putti
plump, naked little boys, often winged; in classical art, called cupids, in Christian art, cherubs
Rheims
portal breaks into rose window windows at portal - not statues
Laocoon
priest who tried to warn Troy to not take in Trojan horse-he and two kids killed by serpent (Trojans think serpent sent by angry gods - really sent by Greeks)
Khufu
pyramid at Giza is oldest and largest; made of limestone
Menkaura
pyramid at Giza smaller than others; polished red granite base
Khafra
pyramid at Giza that is guarded by sphinx; still has a little of veneer at top
pyramidion
pyramid-shaped block that caps obelisks
Scarlet Ware
red with black; painted with colored mixtures of clay and water
bow
represents militaristic, wisdom, leadership, and power
French
restrained & Classical
Sphinx of Taharqo
royal sphinx of Nubian king
Gudea
ruler of Lagush (capital of Girsu): only city-state to remain independent during Guti rule; huge patron of the arts; sculpture made of diorite stone
Sarcophagus dei sposi
sarcophagus of a married couple, whose ashes were placed inside full-length portraits both once held objects in their hands - perhaps an egg to symbolize life after death great concentration on the upper body; less on the legs bodies make an unrealistic L-turn to the legs ancient tradition of reclining when eating; represents a banquet couch symbiotic relationship: mas has a protective gesture around the woman; the woman feeds the man; reflects the high standing women had in Etruscan society broad shoulders; little anatomical modeling emaciated hands made in separate pieces and joined together
Erechtheion
second largest structure on acropolis; contest between Poseidon and Athena supposedly happened there; mark of Poseidon's trident enclosed there (spring); houses memorial to Kekrops (founder of Athens); Porch of Maidens = caryatids
Johan Winckelmann
secretary /manager of the Albani villa; was the first to analyze art as a series of period styles; argued that the only true art was classical or the imitation of classical
line
seen (actual) and not seen (implied) in which viewer's follow a path
conches
semicircular domes that expand outward from a central dome, in Byzantine architecture to cover the narthex on one side and sanctuary apse on the other
barrel vault
semicylindrical in cross-section - in effect, a deep arch or an uninterrupted series of arches, one behind the other, over an oblong space; also known as a tunnel vault
axial plan
separate elements are symmetrically arranged along dominant center line
inlaid
set into a surface to form a design
Altar of Zeus
shows Greeks victory over the giants: In the Altar a Gigantomachy is shown with 34 goddesses, 20 gods, 59 giants and 28 animals (serpents, dogs, horses, the flying steeds of Zeus, mules and lions). The names of the gods are chiseled at the cornice, while the giants' names are chiseled on the pedestal next to the names of the sculptors. Among the many gods there are in principle also two humans (or semi-gods), Dionysus and (Hercules). Byzantine conquerors tore it down and used the marble to build a wall, Karl Humann (German) discovered the altar and recently Bertolin restored the frieze
Transfiguration of Jesus
shows a figure of imperial importance garbed in the pure divine color yet wearing a garment that bears a strong resemblance to an imperial toga. flat gold and black and white mostly John, Paul, and Peter mandorla
Toreador Fresco
shows bull-leaping; from palace at Knossos
Senusret III
shows more emotion; appears to be a man wise in the ways of the world, but lonely, saddened and burdened by the weight of his reponsibilities
Alcuin
smartest man alive; as an English scholar, ecclesiastic, poet and teacher from York, Northumbria. He was born around 735 and became the student of Archbishop Ecgbert at York. At the invitation of Charlemagne, he became a leading scholar and teacher at the Carolingian court, where he remained a figure in the 780s and 790s. He wrote many theological and dogmatic treatises, as well as a few grammatical works and a number of poems. He was made Abbot of Saint Martin's at Tours in 796, where he remained until his death. "The most learned man anywhere to be found" according to Einhard's Life of Charlemagne,[1] he is considered among the most important architects of the Carolingian Renaissance. Among his pupils were many of the dominant intellectuals of the Carolingian era.
Alcuin
smartest man alive; brought in by Charlemagne; from York as an English scholar, ecclesiastic, poet and teacher from York, Northumbria. He was born around 735 and became the student of Archbishop Ecgbert at York. At the invitation of Charlemagne, he became a leading scholar and teacher at the Carolingian court, where he remained a figure in the 780s and 790s. He wrote many theological and dogmatic treatises, as well as a few grammatical works and a number of poems. He was made Abbot of Saint Martin's at Tours in 796, where he remained until his death. "The most learned man anywhere to be found" according to Einhard's Life of Charlemagne,[1] he is considered among the most important architects of the Carolingian Renaissance. Among his pupils were many of the dominant intellectuals of the Carolingian era.
Lucius Brutus
son of the last king - instrumental in overthrow of kingdom and start of Roman Republic government 1st 2 consuls = him and Caliconzo style of art is truly Roman - portrait bust
voyeurism
spying on people involved in intimate behaviors; ex man looking under the skirt of the girl in Fragonard's "The Swing"
Theatre of Marcellus
started in 44 BC by Julius to compete with Pompeii Augustus restored process finished 13 BC Early Empire Apollo temple right next to it rocks and cement and travertine and tuff built for sister Octavia and son Marcelius statues in second level Doric 1st level Ionic 2nd level Corinthian 3rd level - now apartments
ziggurats
stepped pyramid structures with temple or shrine on top; proclaimed wealth, prestige, and stability of city's rulers and glorified its protective gods; meeting place between earth and heavens
tracery
stonework around design
Epic of Gilgamesh
story told on registers of Great Lyre with bull's head
naturalism
style: realism on sordid subjects
realism
style: true depiction
Temple of Portunus (Fortuna Virilis)
temple of manly fortune pseudo-peripteral (columns are engaged) located: Forum Boarium near Rome dedicated to God of Portunus (keys, doors, livestock) Ionic 2nd Century BCE made of travertine cella tetrastyle portico
cult statue
temples housed the ___________ of the gods
matte
term describing a smooth surface that is without shine or luster
transcept
the arm of a cruciform church, perpendicular to the nave; the point where the nave and this cross is called the crossing; beyond the crossing lies the sanctuary, whether apse, choir, or chevet
iconoclasm
the banning or destruction of images, especially icons and religious art; in the eighth-and ninth-century Byzantium and sixteenth-and seventeenth-century Protestant territories arose from differing beliefs about the power, meaning, function, and purpose of imagery in religion
nave
the central space of a basilica, two or three stories high and usually flanked by aisles
triformium
the element of the interior elevation of a church, found between the nave arcade or colonnade and the clerestory, covers the blind area created by the sloping roof over the aisles; can be made up of openings from a passage-way or gallery, or can be wall-supporting paintings or mosaics
westwork
the monumental, west-facing entrance section of a Carolingian, Ottonian, or Romanesque church; the exterior consists of multiple stories between two towers; the interior includes an entrance vestibule, a chapel, ad a series of galleries overlooking the nave
westwork
the monumental, west-facing entrance section of a Carolingian, Ottonian, or Romanesque church; the exterior consists of multiple stories between two towers; the interior includes an entrance vestibule, a chapel, and a series of galleries overlooking the nave
Gero Crucifix
the oldest large sculpture of the crucified Christ north of the Alps commissioned by Gero, Archbishop of Cologne, who died in 976, thus providing a terminus ante quem for the work. It is carved in oak, and painted and partially gilded - both have been renewed
iconostasis
the partition screen in a Byzantine or Orthodox church between the sanctuary (where the Mass is performed) and the body of the church (where the congregation assembles); displays icons
cella
the principal interior room at the center of a Greek or Roman temple within which the cult statue was usually housed
Suleiman the Magnificent
the tenth and longest-reigning Emperor, Sultan of the Ottoman Empire; personally led Ottoman armies to conquer the Christian strongholds of Belgrade, Rhodes, and most of Hungary before his conquests were checked at the Siege of Vienna in 1529. He annexed most of the Middle East in his conflict with the Safavids and large swathes of North Africa as far west as Algeria. Under his rule, the Ottoman fleet dominated the seas from the Mediterranean to the Red Sea and the Persian Gulf. At the helm of an expanding empire, Suleiman personally instituted legislative changes relating to society, education, taxation, and criminal law.
Abbasid
the third of the Islamic caliphates
cornice
the topmost projecting part of an entablature (right under the pediment)
Last Supper
the traditional Passover supper of Jesus with his disciples on the eve of his crucifixion
gable
the triangular wall space found on the end wall of a building between the two sides of a pitched roof; also, a triangular decorative panel
capital
the upper part of a column that supports the entablature: distinguishes the order of the column
cornice
the uppermost section of a Classical entablature; more generally, a horizontally projecting element found at the top of a building wall or pedestal; a raking one is formed by the junction of two slanted ones, most often found in pediments
tenebrism
the use of strong chiaroscuro and artificially illuminated areas to create a dramatic contrast of light and dark in a painting
narthex
the vestibule or entrance porch of a church
La Parisienne
titled because she looks like a sophisticated Parisian woman with her elegant stance, and full red lips) comes from and uncertain ceremonial scene. She is either a young priestess or goddess. The representation is similar to that of traditional Egyptian frontal positioning with the enlarged side view of the eye, profile view of the face and what direct frontal view of the torso. However the charm and and freshness of the image are undeniably different from that of the Egyptian murals. Most of the Egyptian frescos were painted on dry plaster known as fresco secco. Minoan frescos are done in true or wet fresco painted on wet plaster. True fresco requires the artist to work quickly and spontaneously which beings to give an impressionistic effect. The simple, light, delicate, spontaneous technique subsequently resembles the subject herself.
Charioteer
transitional or Early/5th Century Classical Period; still stiff pose yet outreaching; lost wax; Based on the inscriptions we know that this piece commemorates a victory by a driver in the Pythian games of 478 or 474 BCE. Pliny the elder writes that 3-time winners in Greek competitions had their features immortalized in statues and faces in the Transitional Classical period have a sullen look. This figure even seems to pout a little, his head is turned slightly to one side. His intimidating expression is enhanced by colored glass eyes & fine silver eyelashes. He stands erect, with its almost columnar fluting, is the epitome of elegance. The folds in the robe fall in a natural way, and the whole garment looks like it could sway with the Charioteer's movement. The feet are so detailed and realistic that they could have been cast from molds made from a living person
fished-shaped vase
use of glass-making; core glass because of early technique
grisaille
use of sculpture painted into a painting
Ergotimos, Kleitias, Francois Vase
volute krater; signed potter and painter; Black figure named after the excavator who uncovered it., c. 570 BC. Athenians learned for the Corinthians how to paint the black figure vase. Both the painter (Kleitias) and the potter (Ergotimos) signed this piece twice. 200 figure w/in 6 friezes. Labels are all over naming humans and animals. The rest includes an array of Greek mythology, focusing on the exploits of Peleus and his son Achillies, the great hero of Homer's Illiad, and of Theseus, the legendary king of Athens. Orientalizing motifs are seen in the band of it. The change from black figure to red figure is significant. The excruciating technical problem of incising details into black glaze, which makes the black figures seem more stiff than the red-figures, was alleviated by the much more flexible brush used to indicate details in the red-figures.
Gigantomachy
war of giants against the gods; depicted along frieze at Altar of Zeus
Archangel Michael
was a diptych ivory Constantinople = best art wings forward moving - outside of niche shells all around - Virgin Mary/Venus drapery
Aachen
was a favored residence of Charlemagne, and later the place of coronation of the Kings of Germany.
Abbe Suger
was one of the last Frankish abbot-statesmen, a historian, and the influential first patron of Gothic architecture
space
what contains the art
medium/media
what is used to create the art
Epigonos, Gallic Chieftain Killing His Wife and Himself
when lost, many high officials killed themselves
Lysippos, The Scraper (Apoxyomenos)
when taking a bath, put on oil and scrape off; arms closed over chest, Roman leaf covering
Supper at Emmaeus
when two disciples realize who Jesus is
Centaur
½ horse ½ man figure exemplifies Proto-Geometric style: with its use of geometric forms in painted decoration, and the reduction of human and animal body parts in sculptural works to simple geometric solids like cubes, pyramids, cylinders, and spheres. The figure is unusual, because of its size (more than a foot) and b/c its hollow body was formed like a vase on a potters wheel. The artist added the solid legs and arms and tail to his body and painted on the bold, abstract designs w/ slip, the slip fired to dark brown, standng out against the lighter color of the un-slipped portions of the figure, Centaurs prevalent throughout Greek mythology had both a good and bad side and symbolized the similar dual nature of humans. This figure was found in a cemetery when it was found it had been deliberately broken into two pieces that were buried in adjacent graves. Clearly the object had special significance for the people buried in the graves or their mourners
Torah
(Judaism) the scroll of parchment on which the first five books of the Hebrew Scripture is written
Ascension
(New Testament) the rising of the body of Jesus into heaven on the 40th day after his Resurrection
Thor
(Norse mythology) god of thunder and rain and farming - Hammer
Churrigueresque
*popular baroque style in Spain in the 18th century, named after the family, elaborate sculptural architectural ornament which emerged as a manner of stucco decoration and was used up to about 1750, marked by extreme, expressive and florid decorative detailing, normally found above the entrance on the main facade of a building.
Henri-Carter Bresson
-Founder of Magnum in 1947 -Created the idea of the "Decisive Moment" -All 35 mm photography was influenced by him -Believed in the psychology of photography. He refused to consider photographs as aesthetic objects. Said, "the difference is the act of seeing from the craft of moving." -Known for catching something in the moment -Photograph of him making a charcoal from a picture of himself -Seville, Spain - children playing - captured through a hole
Dorothea Lange
-Hired by WPA to capture the conditions of people in the Dustbowl during the Great Depression -Migrant Mother - at migrant pea pickers' camp in Nipomo, CA - the family seems to be completely destitute - most famous picture oriented to mother's face dominates the composition -Young Migratory Mother, originally from Texas was a natural photographer in the truest sense because she lived, in her words, "a visual life." She could look at something: a line of laundry flapping in the wind, a pair of old, wrinkled, work-worn hands, a bread-line, a crowd of people in a bus station, and find it beautiful. Her eye was a camera lens and her camera--as she put it--an "appendage of the body." During her last illness, as a friend sat near her bed, she suddenly said to him "I've just photographed you." She had engaged in this camera-less sort of photography for decades, from the time she was a young girl, and it served as both the foundation of her art education and her first apprenticeship. Bored and disillusioned with school, she would often cut class and go walking through her neighborhood, the lower-east side of New York. She would make herself as unobtrusive as possible, and look at things and people. Down-and-outs of the Bowery, bustling marketplaces, the Jewish ladies in their schechtels, or black wigs.
Stavelot Reliquary
1154 triptych jeweled - inlay columns Corinthian and painted silver writing on arches reliquaries in middle rounded like Arch of Constantine symmetrical and balanced in threes black velvet cloisonne Roundels tell story of Contantine's dream with vision of cross, baptism, and battle (shown as Crusades) on left and Constantine's mother, St Helena, searching for Jesus's cross, excavating Calvary, and testing its healing powers
rococo, neoclassicism, romanticism
18th Century Art: _____________ (playful) _____________ (balanced and rational) _____________(emotion and remote)
Menorah
A Jewish lamp-stand with seven or nine branches; the nine-branched one is used during the celebration of Hanukkah; representations of the seven-branched one, once used in the Temple of Jerusalem, became a symbol of Judaism
quadro riportato
A ceiling design in which painted scenes are arranged in panels that resemble framed pictures transferred to the surface of a shallow, curved vault
pulpit
A raised platform or lectern in a church or chapel from which the preacher delivers a sermon
Book of Kells
About Nativity - "Now this is how the birth of Christ came about" - opening of Matthew's gospel on Christmas Number of full page illuminations Manuscript written and decorated either at Iona or a closely related Irish monastery Like a relic Chi Rho Page Monks worked all day on manuscripts as scribes at scriptorium illuminated manuscript Gospel book in Latin, containing the four Gospels of the New Testament together with various prefatory texts and tables. It was created by Celtic monks ca. 800 or slightly earlier. The text of the Gospels is largely drawn from the Vulgate, although it also includes several passages drawn from the earlier versions of the Bible known as the Vetus Latina. It is a masterwork of Western calligraphy and represents the pinnacle of Insular illumination. It is also widely regarded as Ireland's finest national treasure.
Octopus Vase
Again we see compositions of sea life. Here the Octopus's tentacles reach out and around the vessel almost as if it is embracing the piece itself. This emphasizes its large elastic volume. Here the potter has mastered the challenge of the relationship between the painting and the shape of the pot. This pot is from Palaikastro and it differs from the Kamares vessels in choice of color, which is more muted, and this Late Minoan artist reverses the earlier scheme. *Here we see dark on light background.* This scheme will remain the norm in Greece until c. 530 BC. Then we will see light figures emerge on dark backgrounds.
St Pierre
All jambs give support for arch Concave entryway Christ enthroned - surrounded by four evangelists
Andokides Painter
Anonymous Painter responsible for the birth of red figure. Copy of Exekias's vase of Achilles and Ajax, but without as much intensity. Amphora on the left know as bilingual vases. These were only produced for a short time.
Judgment of Hunefer before Osiris
Anubis leads him to weigh heart (in jar) - Maat at scale to weigh; Ammit (Eater of the Dead) waits for sign from Thoth (ibis-headed recorder); passes tests and Horus presents him to Osiris, god of the underworld; Nephthys and Isis behind throne; him on top after life
black figure
Archaic Geometry =
Soufflot, Paris Pantheon, Paris, necropolis, St Genevieve
Architect: Title: Located in Downtown ________ -__________ for Voltaire, Braille, and many others -Classical features = porch, columns, friezes, pediment with relief, dome (like Michelangelo's St Peter's) + dome with drum like Bramante's Tempietto -Renovation of the site of the Catholic Church of ______________
Thomas Jefferson, Monticello, United States, Paladdio
Architect: Title: Location: ________________ (Neoclassicism popular here because emphasizing REPUBLIC) -His house -Dome with clerestory, Pediment, Entabulature, Porch with colonnade, balustrade (not really classical) -Latinist, Greek Scholar, Architect = Renaissance man -Studies the Villa and its architect in Rome = _________ - uses his model - modeled after Pantheon
Anthemus of Tralles and Isidorus of Miletus
Architects of the Hagia Sophia
St Trophine
Arles -> Provance Roman dwelling Christ enthroned with four evangelists
Whistler
Arrangement in Gray and Black No. 1: Portrait of the Artist's Mother (1871)
Durer, Rabbit, HRE
Artist Title: Location:
Gauguin
Artist:
Lichenstein
Artist:
Mary Cassatt
Artist:
Pollock
Artist:
Toulouse-Lautrec
Artist:
Van Gogh
Artist:
Calliebotte
Artist: Balcony overlooking Paris
Monet
Artist: Dutch Landscape
Mary Cassatt
Artist: Mother and Child - beach
Gericault, French Romantic
Artist: First True __________ (Country) ______________ (Genre) He began his career painting Napoleonic military themes. After visiting Rome in 1816-17, he returned to Paris determined to paint a GREAT history painting. He chose the scandalous and sensation shipwreck of Medusa.
Grunewald, Isenheim Altarpiece, HRE, shrine, guilded, Pope, John the Baptist, God the Father, Last Supper, St Anthony, St Paul, St Anthony
Artist: Inside flipped of ______________________ Location: Middle = wood cutting _______ (not made by artist - ________ - paint colored with pigment of ground-up gold; depicts _______, __________ and _________ Bottom = Jesus with 12 people - ______________ - guilded - poly-chrome covered Left = ____________ in desert visited by _________ Right = ____________ tormented by demons
Grunewald, Isenheim Altarpiece, HRE, annunciation, Mary, Baby Jesus, angels, Resurrection
Artist: Inside of _______________ Location: Left = ____________ - prospective with Gothic arches Center = ________ with ____________ - attended by throngs of _______ Right = ____________
Grunewald, Isenheim Altarpiece, HRE, Christ, John the Baptist, Mary Magdelene, Virgin Mary, John the Evangelist, St Sebastian, St Anthony, lamentation, amputation, tenebrism
Artist: Outside of the ________________ Location: Five Figures in Middle: Left Wing: Right Wing: Base = Virgin Mary, Mary Magdelene, Dead Christ - theme=_____________ - cuts off Christ's legs when open - like an ____________ - patients saw this in hospital __________ - out of darkness body grotesque - realistic - shoulder out of socket, body shrunken
Rubens, cycle, Marie de Medici, Birth of Marie, Flanders, diagonal, colors, chiaroscuro, dynomism, Flur de Le
Artist: Part of ______ of ____________ Title: Location: baroque because __________, saturated ________, ____________ and __________ ____________ on shield (Bourbons raped by nymphs of Sea God) Mother with crown - one ready for baby
Rubens, cycle, Marie de Medici, Arrival at Marseilles, Flanders, nymphs, Henry IV
Artist: Part of ______ of ______________ Title: Location: 1622-1625 sea ________ making sure the ships arrive safely greeted with open arms by __________
Rubens, cycle, Marie de Medici, Marriage, Flanders, proxy
Artist: Part of ______ of ______________ Title: Location: dog by _______ - another person took the vows
Gericault, Insane
Artist: Portraits of the ________
Christo and Claude, The Gates
Artist: Titl Steel, vinyl, Fabric, Nylon Brought over 4 million visitors from around the world to Central Park
Delacroix, Lion Hunt
Artist: Title Like Ruben's Flemish Barque version - emotional/dramatic Men turbaned
Goya, Witches Sabbath
Artist: Title _________________ hegoat leading Sabbath (symbolizing Satan) Old women and cats associated with witchcraft Woman from Bogeyman
Alberti, Palazzo Ruccellai
Artist: Title:
Berthe Morisot, Summer's Day
Artist: Title:
Botticelli, Birth of Venus
Artist: Title:
Brancusi, The Kiss
Artist: Title:
Calder, Lobster Trap and Fish Tail
Artist: Title:
Calliebotte, Bridge
Artist: Title:
Calliebotte, Rainy Day in Paris
Artist: Title:
Calliebotte, The Floor Scrapers
Artist: Title:
Cezanne, Large Bathers
Artist: Title:
Cezanne, Mont Sainte-Victoire
Artist: Title:
Chagall, I and the Village
Artist: Title:
Chardin, Self-portrait
Artist: Title:
Degas, The Absinthe Drinker
Artist: Title:
Degas, the Dance Lesson
Artist: Title:
Dirk Bout, The Last Supper
Artist: Title:
Donatello, Mary Magdalene
Artist: Title:
Donatello, Zuccone
Artist: Title:
Duchamp, Fountain, readymade, R Mutt
Artist: Title:
Duchamp, LHOOQ
Artist: Title:
Ensor, Christ's Entry Into Brussels
Artist: Title:
Fra Lippi, Madonna and Child with Angels
Artist: Title:
Gauguin, Spirit of the Dead Watching
Artist: Title:
Gauguin, The Green Christ
Artist: Title:
Gauguin, The Yellow Christ
Artist: Title:
Ghiberti, Gates of Paradise
Artist: Title:
Ghirlandaio, Giovanna Tournabuoni
Artist: Title:
Ghirlandaio, Grandfather and Grandson
Artist: Title:
Gropius, Bauhaus Building
Artist: Title:
Hopper, Night Hawks
Artist: Title:
Kandinsky, Yellow, Red, Blue
Artist: Title:
Leonardo da Vinci, The Annunciation
Artist: Title:
Maderno, Facade of St. Peter's
Artist: Title:
Manet, The Execution of Maximilian
Artist: Title:
Monet, Woman with a parasol
Artist: Title:
Moreau, Jupiter and Semele
Artist: Title:
Munch, Death in the Sick Room
Artist: Title:
Munch, Puberty
Artist: Title:
Munch, The Scream
Artist: Title:
Munch, The Voice
Artist: Title:
Picasso, Les Demoiselles d'Avignon
Artist: Title:
Piero della Francesca, Portrait of Duke and Dutchess
Artist: Title:
Piranesi, Trajan's Column
Artist: Title:
Redon, Orpheus
Artist: Title:
Redon, The Cyclops
Artist: Title:
Renoir, Luncheon of the Boating Party
Artist: Title:
Renoir, The Swing
Artist: Title:
Rivera, Ancient Mexico
Artist: Title:
Rivera, Man, Controller of the Universe
Artist: Title:
Rockwell, Four Freedoms
Artist: Title:
Rockwell, Girl at Mirror
Artist: Title:
Rodin, The Burghers of Calais
Artist: Title:
Rodin, The Thinker
Artist: Title:
Seurat, La Parade
Artist: Title:
Toulouse-Lautrec, At the Moulin Rouge
Artist: Title:
Uccello, Battle of San Romano
Artist: Title:
Van Eyck, Man in a Red Turban
Artist: Title:
Van Eyck, Marriage of the Arnofini
Artist: Title:
Van Gogh, Night Cafe
Artist: Title:
Van Gogh, Potato Eaters
Artist: Title:
Van Gogh, Starry Night
Artist: Title:
Warhol, Coca-Cola green bottles
Artist: Title:
Manet, The Bar at Folis Beregere
Artist: Title: Artist highlights the electric lighting with the chandelier The man is Gaston LaTouche (Artist's friend) In contrast to the impressionists, Artist loved the color black 19th century saw a rise in consumer goods such as her jewelry
Carpeaux, Ugolino and sons, Laocoon and Sons, Dante's Inferno
Artist: Title: -Like _______________ - father and sons, wrapped around, serpentine movement, not idealized - Romantic, not Neo-classicism -From ___________________ - distraught so biting fingers - sons think he's hungry and beg him to eat them instead = Hell
Manet, Luncheon on the Grass
Artist: Title: -Two men fully clothed (artist's brother and brother's friend) - modeled for painting -Two women -1 naked (muse in the front), sacred one in background (clothed)
Daumier, Rue Transnonain, guard, residents
Artist: Title: A _______ was killed in the street, all ___________ in the block were killed by other guards in an attempt to eliminate the culprit (because know the suspect is hiding somewhere). This is meant to shock! - horrific statement of what they did Mother, father, child, grandfather
Ingres, Princess de Broglie
Artist: Title: Actual portrait
Oppenheim, Luncheon in Fur
Artist: Title: Also known as The Object or the Fur Covered Cup Idea taken from talking to Picasso - could put anything with fur Both attracts and repulses viewer
Heartfield, Don't worry - He's a vegetarian
Artist: Title: Because rules and regulations for animals - breech hunting laws (season/restricting killings) Rooster = symbol of France - even more political meaning Hitler is saving animals but killing people
Dali, The Slave Market with the Disappearing Bust of Voltaire
Artist: Title: Different people form face on bust Like an optical illusion
Severini, Dancer
Artist: Title: Divisionism - mixture of colors - optical illusion
David, Coronation of Napoleon, left, church, state, mother, hand
Artist: Title: Divisions like the Oath of the Horatii: ecclesiastical grouped on the right, Imperial court on the ______ Strong statement about the changing relationship between ________ and ________ (latter wins) Napoleon's _______ was not really present and the Pope didn't raise his _______ - because Napoleon crowned himself
Hoch, Dada Dance
Artist: Title: Does a lot of craft art/feminism "The Excess of Hell falls into the coffers of Pasto Klatt for innocent children for criminals" Right = outlandish (culture of time) vs Left = natural (natural beauty)
Latrobe, US Capital
Artist: Title: Drum extended - like St Peter's Extensions of House of Representatives and Senate
Goya, Third of May, martyrs
Artist: Title: Emotional, diagonal, Romantic - Spanish are portrayed as _________
O'Keefe, Ram's Head White Hollyhock and Little Hills
Artist: Title: Feminist movement
Dali, The Narcissist
Artist: Title: Flower hatching out of egg Two hands - same form - different composition (earthy vs stone) Mythological legend of Narcissus and the origin of the flower
Ray, Noire et Blanche
Artist: Title: For Vogue - different cultures - mask from Colombia One of his lovers (Kiki) Oval face - seen as perfect
Delacroix, Massacre at Chios, Turkish, religion
Artist: Title: Greece had been under _________ occupation since the 15th century. The national liberation movement of the Greek people against the Turkish oppression started at the beginning of the 19th century. In 1821 a big uprising took place in different parts of Greece. The Turkish government in return took severe measures against the revolting Greeks, it organized Greek pogroms all over the country. In a massacre on the island of Chios, 98,000 Greeks were killed or sold into slavery. Only 2,000 people remained. Becomes Muslims vs Christians - people can fight now because not about nationalism, but _________ - Great Britain and France help Greece
Courbet, The Painter's Studio, muse, intellectuals, society
Artist: Title: His studio Naked woman = ______ Boy = artist as a youngster or being instructed by him Right = _____________ Left = cross-section of _______ (Orthodox Jewish Rabbi, working class with dogs, plump woman, momentamore (prostitute - likened to Mary Magdelene)
Heartfield, The Meaning of the Hitler Salute: Little Man Asks for Big Gifts
Artist: Title: Hitler really small and like a puppet - not really powerful but getting money and becoming powerful
Muybridge, Handspring
Artist: Title: Idea becomes signature thing in photography
Millet, Angelus, praying, Thomas Appleton
Artist: Title: In field - _________ - giving thanks to successful harvesting of potatoes Pitchforks to dig potatoes Commissioned by ________________ 1859, patron failed to take position resulting in the painting changing hands multiple times. This eventually led to the practice to artist's families receiving money.
Eakins, The Gross Clinic, mother
Artist: Title: Instructing - all in coat and tie Stenographer - taking notes Woman looking away - _________ of physician included a self-portrait, testimony to his personal knowledge of the subject. Eakins studies anatomy, an interest that led him to photography, which he used both as an aid for painting and as a tool for studying the body in motion. He made a number of studies w/ English-born American Eadweard Muybridge (1830-1904), a pioneer in motion photography.
Canova, Cupid and Psyche
Artist: Title: Intended for personal use, pleasure of private collectors. Illustrates the love story of Cupid, Venus's son, and Psyche a beautiful mortal who had aroused the goddesses jealousy. Venus casts Psyche into a deathlike sleep; moved by cupids grief and love for her, the sky god Jupiter take pity on the pair and gives psyche immortality. In this version of the theme (he did 6), Canova chose the most emotional and tender moment in the story, when Cupid revives the lifeless Psyche with a kiss. Here Canova combined a Romantic interest
Balla, Dynamism of a Dog on a Leash
Artist: Title: Involved in 1st and 2nd waves of futurist movement Repetitive picture to show motion
Ray, Cadeau (Gift)
Artist: Title: Iron - adds nails - like surrealism - unexplainable and creepy Iron and nails together are useless but separate are useful - like man and woman? or is it just nonsensical? Title ironic because wouldn't give this as a gift
Ingres, Grande Odalisque, reclining nude, Turkish harem, contour, Raphael, Parmigiano
Artist: Title: Like Giorgione and Titian- _____________. The artist concedes to the exotic by using an odalisque (woman of a ___________). Ingres believed that _________, which was merely shaded line, was the most important factor in art. This work demonstrates his typical rounded volumes with their rhythmically flowing contours. It also shows the cool, detached quality typical of his works. No definitely lines - body fades into background Borrows the head shape from __________ Small head and slender reflects ___________ - Mannerist style
Boccioni, Unique Forms of Continuity in Space
Artist: Title: Man moving forward towards future Bronze
Friedrich, Wanderer, behind
Artist: Title: Many of this artist's painting include a person seen from __________ - not about man but what he's experiencing
O'Keefe, Red Canna
Artist: Title: Married to Stieglitz Feminist/flower painter
Balla, The Hand of the Violinist
Artist: Title: Motion and repetitiveness with hands
Bierstadt, Sierra Nevada
Artist: Title: Nature, mountainous, Deer at water, peaceful with light
Homer, Gulf Stream
Artist: Title: Navigating Sharks in foreground
Dali, The Temptation of St Anthony
Artist: Title: On pilgrimage - denounced possessions In desert with Satan tempting him Space = separation from worldly goods and temptation Horse intimidated by him Took reference from Bernini's Pulcini della Minerva (elephants and obelisk)
Homer, Snap the Whip
Artist: Title: One room schoolhouse All boys Playful - free, barefoot, leisure In countryside - no industrial obstacles Game - 1 guy spun off until only 1 left
Eakins, The Biglin Brothers Racing
Artist: Title: Organized sports on the rise Good way to compete against enemy nations without killing them - rise of nationalism
Severini, Armored Train in Action
Artist: Title: Pro-war for Italy Makes it look peaceful/enticing with colors
Delacroix, Liberty Leading the People, revolution of 1830, Charles X, citizen, Louis-Phillippe, Delacroix
Artist: Title: Responded to the July _____________ against ____________ (king of France 1824-30) and absolutism in France, which finished with serious democratic reforms. As a result the new '_______ king' ____________ was elected and his power was restricted; France became a bourgeois monarchy. Delacroix wrote to his brother, a general: 'Since I have not fought and conquered for the fatherland, I can at least paint on its behalf.' To the left of Liberty, a man wearing a top hat, is ___________ himself. The boy with pistols on the right was perhaps the inspiration for the character of Gavroche in Victor Hugo's Les Misérables. The new king Louis-Phillippe bought the work for 3,000 francs, but never exhibited it.
Turner, The Slave Ship, sick, insurance
Artist: Title: Social and political Abolitionist The ship owner facing a typhoon makes the choice to throw the ______ slaves overboard in hopes of collecting ____________ money (because only get money if lost at sea, not dead on arrival)
David, Oath of Horatii
Artist: Title: Symmetry - in thirds
Delacroix, Death of Sardanapalus, Assyrian, concubines, Lord Byron
Artist: Title: The kind of compositional device that Delacroix uses that was favored by the Romantic artists, is that the strong central focus that becomes blurred or seems to fade at the edges. ___________ King going to commit suicide. Orders _____________ to be murdered as well Romanticism - diagonal, lighting, drama, and emotion Here the artist was inspired by __________'s narrative poem, but the painting does not illustrate the text, instead, he depicts the last hour of the king on a more crowded setting than Byron had described.. Orgiastic destruction replaces the sacrificial suicide found in the poem.
Gericault, Raft of Medusa, Louis XVIII
Artist: Title: Toured Italy - saw history paintings - wants to create a different monumental history painting - hot heroic, but horrific __________ = King of France - gave an appointment of the captain of Medusa to an unqualified candidate (political favor) - cargo of 150 passengers to Senegal - should be safe but runs aground before it gets there - typhoon approaching - captain and crew take only lifeboat and leave 150 people on a make-shift raft - cut rope connecting them - float for 13 days - only 15 alive Artist heavily researches the event and displays it on a HUGE canvas
Turner, Rain, Steam, Speed, ship
Artist: Title: Train driven by steam Left = outmoded form of transportation - _______
David, Napoleon Crossing the Alps, Bonaparte, Hannibal, Charlemagne
Artist: Title: Viewer more involved Names on rocks = ___________, ___________ (crossed the Alps to Italy - this person does it during Directory - to expel Austrians - signs treaty), and _______________ (Charles the Great - 1st French Emperor - trying to build a European Empire) Artillery with men in difference Horse reared up disguises shortness
Turner, Fighting Temeraire Tugged to her last berth to be broken up, Battle of Trafalgar, steam, Industrialism
Artist: Title: Was a 98 gun ship that was significant in the _________________ in 1805 with Lord Nelson (Definitive naval battle between Great Britain and France) The old wooden ship is pulled away as the sun sets (British Navy?) and is pulled by the new, much smaller ________ powered tug (______________) The use of thick paint helps to accentuate the water and sun rays
O Tanner, Banjo Lesson, music
Artist: Title: _______ = integral par of black culture in 19th Century Older man teaching younger how to play
Goya, Saturn Devouring His Children, Revolutions
Artist: Title: __________ eat their children - those who create it end up being destroyed by it Myth of Titans vs Olympians - Titans knew one of their children would overthrown him - wife puts stone in place of one when ordered to eat them - Saturn barfs up the others
Ingres, Apotheosis of Homer, Charles X, Homer, Iliad, Odyssey, Poussin, Raphael, Apelles, Dante, Vergil, Moliere, Phidius, Shakespeare, lyre
Artist: Title: ____________ commissioned the work so he would be remembered as a great Bourbon Universe crowns ________, Herodotus burns incense, ________ (red) and ___________ (green) are at his feet, Ingres's level of research can be seen in the painting's portrait of __________ which is directly copied from Poussin's portrait now in the Louvre. Ingres wished to compete with ___________ through this painting (it is strongly inspired by the Italian artist's Parnassus) and this artist is to be seen top left (in black and white Renaissance dress), being led by __________ (in a blue cloak). Other figures shown include ________ is also shown being led by _______ as in the former's Divine Comedy(extreme left, behind Poussin) and _________ (greatest playwright of the day - right, by the feet of the personification of the Odyssey). In the large number of figures it gathers, indeed, it is a kind of classical confession of faith. ________ with his hammer, next to Poussin is _______________, next to the Greek poet holding the ______
Daguerre, The Artist's Studio
Artist: Title: arranged - still-life through photograph
Bonheur, The Horse Fair, anatomy, jockeys, white, dark
Artist: Title: artist is interested in animals, especially horses - studied their ___________ - usually shows _________ on horses _______ horses leading pack - ______ ones following
IM Pei, Glass Pyramid
Artist: Title: at the Louvre
Muybridge, Attitudes of Animals in Motion
Artist: Title: bet that there's a point when a horse gallops that all his feet are off the ground - captures motion in photography
Dali, The Persistence of Memory
Artist: Title: mountains = childhood amoebia = self-portrait dead tree growing out of man-made object ants eating away at time piece (man-made) clocks inspired by meditating on plate of cheese idea of time = manmade
O Tanner, Thankful Poor
Artist: Title: one of the few African Americans artist/subject matter Thankful for very little meal - thankful to have something
David, Intervention of the Sabine Women
Artist: Title: stance (repeated in Lady Liberty Leading the People) fasces in backgrond
Daumier, The Uprising
Artist: Title: unrest in city
Poussin, Et in Arcadia ego, paradise, death, coffin
Artist: Title: "And I am in Arcadia" or "I am also in Arcadia" Arcadia = ____________ ________ (the ________) is also here (momentamore) Lots of landscape in back
Poussin, Dance to the Music of Time, Janus, coffin, Aurora, Apollo, hours, Baby, hourglass, bubbles, poverty, industry, wealth, poverty, wealth, pleasure, industry, wealth
Artist: Title: -Left = Statue = the 2 headed god ________ - of doorways and new beginnings -Right = _________ (death) -In the sky - ________, ________, and the _______ -______ with ___________ (measures time) and __________ (time is fleeting because burst) -Four people dancing = __________ and __________ try to combine to get ________ - doesn't want to touch ________ - _________ is holding onto __________ - __________ is looking at ________
Poussin, John in Patmos, landscape, Greek
Artist: Title: -Subject matter small in front - rest of it = ___________ -_______ territory
De La Tour, Mary Magdelene, meditating, cross, skull, candle
Artist: Title: -Tenebrism, chiaroscuro, skull, flame -Subject usually depicted __________ or at the foot of the ______ with a _______- reminder of death and mortality -Bright shining _________ = specialty of artist
Courbet, Burial at Ornans, clergy
Artist: Title: -________ on left - bored (with priest) -Right - people there because commitment to deceased - women grieving in back (inequality in society) -Separation of church from society -This work was rejected and he built a Pavilion of Realism on land rented near the Pavilion of Art
Pieter Saenredam, Interior of the Choir of St Bavo's Church Haarlem, Protestant
Artist: Title: 1660 straight up ____________ - no images
Veit Stoss, Death and Assumption of the Virgin, Virgin Mary
Artist: Title: Altar of the ____________
Chardin, The Shuttlecock
Artist: Title: Badminton racket, scissors, mending and sewing
Piranesi, Vatican
Artist: Title: Building, porch, and piazza - Bernini did those Papal apartments Passageway - Hadrian's tomb/fortress for the Popes for safety when Rome is attacked Always painted in black and white
Titian, Bacchus and Ariadne, Ducal Palace, Ferrara, oil on canvas
Artist: Title: Building: City: Media:
Leonardo da Vinci, Last Supper, Santa Maria del Grazie, Milan, oil and tempera on plaster
Artist: Title: Church: City: Media:
Signorelli, Damned Cast Into Hell, Orvieto Cathedral, fresco
Artist: Title: Church: Media:
Alberti, Sant Andrea, Mantua
Artist: Title: City:
Giotto, Virgin and Child Enthroned, Florence
Artist: Title: City:
Michelozzo, Palazzo Medici-Riccardi, Florence
Artist: Title: City:
Palladio, San Giorgio Maggiore, Venice
Artist: Title: City:
Simone Martini, Annunciation, Siena
Artist: Title: City:
Sir Charles Barry and A Welby Pugin, Houses of Parliament, London
Artist: Title: City: Neogothic, Renovated because fire, towers of gothic church
El Greco, Burial of Count Orgaz, Toledo, Spain, St Thomas, son, handkerchief, forward, heaven, void, earth, peter, trinity, virgin mary, john, souls, saints, canal
Artist: Title: City: Country: Church of __________ (still in original site) Artist's _____ is depicted with a __________ stating his date of birth (8 years old) Artist depicted as the only person who's looking _________ Layers: _________, ________, __________ At Top: St _________, the _________, __________ and _______ the Baptist, as well as other saved ________ Bottom = ______ who've come to assist transfiguration There's a space with a ______ so the soul of Orgaz can be lifted up
Ambrogio Lorenzetti, Allegory of Good/Bad Government in the City/Country, Siena, Palazzo Pubblico, cycle
Artist: Title: City: Location in City: (government building) Good Example of a fresco ________
Van der Weyden, Portrait of a Lady, Northern
Artist: Title: Clearly _________ because of headdress
Ghirlandaio, Birth of the Virgin, Capella Maggiore, Santa Maria Novella, Florence
Artist: Title: Commune: Church: City:
Castagno, Last Supper, Sant'Apollonia, refectory, Florence
Artist: Title: Convent of _____________: Place in convent: City:
Thomas Cole, The Oxbow, United States, Hudson River, Manifest Destiny
Artist: Title: Country: Artist = ____________ School, American landscape, explored the ongoing interest in the individual's relationship to the land. __________________ - Civilization vs savage (Indian land in West) He believed that even though America didn't have huge monuments or castles, the nature offered its beauty Curvy turn in river Artist sitting on promenade with umbrella sketching painting
Constable, The Haywain, Great Britain, countryside
Artist: Title: Country: Peaceful _____________ - looking back to calmer, more serene bucolic life, not current industrialization/urbanization Where he spent some of his youth - reflective of past life in the pond Wagon horse-drawn - no locomotive yet Landscape painter who like others sketched by then completed the work in his studio
Friedrich, Abbey in the Oak Forest, Germany, Romanticism, monks, coffin, grave, ruins
Artist: Title: Country: Genre: Believed that through the natural landscape one would achieve spiritual revelation One of the first to render land as stark and dead as the theme depicts People are insignificant to the landscape _________ (mimicking tombstones) are carrying a ________ past the open _________ through the abbey church in _________
Gentileschi, Judith Slaying Holofernes, 1612-1613, Italy
Artist: Title: Date: Location: Like Caravaggio's work, but more realistic - got same drapery, maid helping (cap on back portion of head), not too much repulsed; moment when they start to cut head off
Gentileschi, Judith Slaying Holofernes, 1625, Italy
Artist: Title: Date: Location: already severed head - trying to see if they got caught
Titian, Isabella d'Este, 20, 60, oil on canvas
Artist: Title: Depicted to look ____ though _____ years old at time of painting Media:
Boucher, Diana Resting after her Bath, hunt, pearls
Artist: Title: Depicts goddess of the ______ Quiver of arrows Praying for hunt ________ - purity - because she shuns all men
Donatello, David, earlier, marble
Artist: Title: Earlier or Later Version? Media:
Donatello, David, later, bronze
Artist: Title: Earlier or Later version? Media:
Fragonard, The Swing, outdoors, shoe, men, pastel, frilly, c
Artist: Title: Enjoys ____________ Throwing up ______ in air Outdoors with 2 _____ - looking up dress (voyeurism) and one manipulating the swing Rococo because _______, ________ (even leaves), reverse ___ (with landscape)
Bernini, David, sling
Artist: Title: Foot out into space Moment when he's about to release ______
Witz, Miraculous Draught of Fish, St Peter, Geneva, Switzerland
Artist: Title: From Altarpiece of ___________ in ____________, ____________
Lorenzetti, Birth of the Virgin, Siena
Artist: Title: From the ______ Chapel
Giotto, Death of St Francis, Bardi, Santa Croce, Florence
Artist: Title: From the ______ Chapel in ___________ City:
Girodet-Triosen, Burial of Atala, Neoclassicism, chastity, Chactas
Artist: Title: Genre: Lighting is Romantic Pure because dressed in white She committed suicide rather than break her oath of ________. Buried by a priest (revival of Christianity) ___________ = Native American in Louisiana (around the time of the purchase - whole fascination with the area) - he buries her in the shadow of the cross.
Gros, Napoleon at a Pesthouse atJaffa, Neo-classicism, plague, architecture
Artist: Title: Genre: Napoleon requested the incident to be recorded- an outbreak of _________ in Near East 1799, Muslim and Frenchmen afflicted, Napoleon visits the pest house, his soldiers cover their noses from the stench, Napoleon touches the wounds (implies he has healing powers) 2 months later Napoleon ordered all plague stricken French soldiers poisoned. This painting was an attempt at damage control. Attention to detail in the ______________ - Moorish
Boucher, Vulcan presenting arms to Venus, forge, wife, Aeneas
Artist: Title: God of the ________ - makes weapons Companion = his ______ - making arms for her son, __________ - mortal from a human
Hoch, Cut With the Kitchen Knife Through the Beer-Belly of the Weimer Republic, photomontage
Artist: Title: Good example of what media? Mocking members of Dada Movement Comparing Dada Movement to Max/Lenon movement
Gossaert, Neptune and Amphitrite, sea, wife, conch shell, Fall of Man, Durer, Netherlands
Artist: Title: He is the god of the ______ and she is his _____ privates covered up with _______ Comparable to ______________ by _______ Location:
Poussin, the Rape of the Sabine Women, Romulus, criminals, girls
Artist: Title: History - early Rome - because studied in Italy sculpture by Pollouilo Rome - _________ tries to recruit people to live there - collects _________ - all male - invites closest neighbors to town to celebrate - when people get comfortable, they snatch all the young _______
Clodian, the Invention of the Balloon, French, terracotta, angels
Artist: Title: Hot air balloon introduced by the _______ - commemorates invention ____________(clay) model presented Encircled with little ______ - putti (infants) or full-blown angels
Duccio, Christ Raising Lazarus from the Dead, Maesta, Siena
Artist: Title: It is the main panel of what altarpiece? City:
LeNain, Peasant Dinner, Spanish, genre, Communion
Artist: Title: Like _________ Baroque - detail on texture of clothing, lower part of society ________ - type - used to refer to paintings of the Commoners Kids and woman on outside 2 men and 1 brought in from outside Wine, wine, bread - being brought into _____________
Caravaggio, David with the Head of Goliath, Italy
Artist: Title: Location:
Gentileschi, Personification of Music, Italy
Artist: Title: Location:
Guercino, Aurora, Italy
Artist: Title: Location:
Goya, Family of Charles IV, Spain, perspective, flat
Artist: Title: Location: -Artist with large easel - not looking at what he's painting - his depiction of the royal family - connecting it to Velazquez's painting - but also dissimilarities - no ___________ - ______ - and so are they - cannot be blatantly against them because employed by them -Head of girl turned because not in family yet -Queen looks haughty -King has chest puffed out with military medals
Goya, Third of May, Spain, history, Napoleon, faceless, monk, Christ
Artist: Title: Location: -___________ painting - contemporary event but dramatized -French army in Spain - ___________'s army going through to get to Portugal - to stop trade with GB - they are met with resistance - artist captures moment when Spanish are killing rebel leaders -Soldiers intentionally ________ - what they are, not who they are is important -______ on left - know because tonsure hair cut -Arms out on dead man - martyr like ________ -3 dead people - like Jesus and 2 criminals
Copley, Paul Revere, Great Britain, engraving
Artist: Title: Location: Can only see half his face because wanted to use light to pull attention to tools/trade the family is in -> ____________ (tools, silver/pewter teapot) Classic dress of the time Reflection of vest and sleeve shown on surface
Canova, Cupid and Psyche, Italy
Artist: Title: Location: Deal was she could never see him - sisters got her worried he was hideous so she looks at him while she's sleeping; oil from her candle drips on him and he wakes up and rejects her but he is in love with her
Houdon, Voltaire, France
Artist: Title: Location: Face used later by another artist as a model
Benjamin West, Death of General Wolfe, Great Britain, Seven Years War, French and Indian War, tree, Native Americans, The Lamentation, Van Der Weyden, British flag
Artist: Title: Location: History painting could reflect contemporary events General Wolfe died in the ___________ (_________________) - Battle of Quebec He really died under a _______ _____________ fought on the other side of the war - out of place, but depicted to connect to the war Composition suggests _____________ by _____________ with the __________ replacing the cross (same parenthetical composition and limp pose and colors) Wolfe has sacrificed himself for the good of the nation he's a martyr
Gainsborough, Mr and Mrs Andrews, Great Britain, landscape, wealthy, enclosure
Artist: Title: Location: Huge __________ (2/3-3/4 of painting) __________ class - dress She's prissy but stiff - so is bench He's more relaxed - with a hunting gun/dog Productive hay field __________ - kept peasants out and kept animals profitable
Goya, The Sleep of Reason Produces Monsters, Spain, Reason ignored is a sleeping monster
Artist: Title: Location: Los Caprichos = collection of paintings by this artist - images with text Text says, "_______________________" End of 18th century - into 19th century
Joseph Wright, Experiment on an Air Pump, Great Britain, Lunar, bird
Artist: Title: Location: Member of the _______ society - see the moon outside the window Man controlling light coming in ______ looking like it might die - pumping air out - creates a vacuum - now letting it in and observing the bird - girl upset at bird's fate
Hogarth, Gin Lane, Great Britain, regulation, public house, coffin, hung, coffins, riot, bone, child
Artist: Title: Location: Message: Look at what happens without _________ Problem in GB - alcoholic spirit there - drunk between shifts Movement to get regulation of consumption by Parliament ___________ crumbling, sign post is a ________ Man ______ in window Two wooden _________ on street ____ in street Man and dog sharing a ________ Woman with alcohol sprawled with _______ falling over staircase - black marks on leg Guy at bottom of stairs - skin and bones - still has alcohol
Greze, The Village Bride, Great Britain, arranged, father, dowry, advice
Artist: Title: Location: Not an ________ marriage - bourgeoisie class Boy talking to ________ of girl - has ________ in hand to pay to boy Girl getting ________ from women
Copley, Watson and the Shark, Great Britain, Havana, Cuba, slave
Artist: Title: Location: Off the coast of _________, _________ Actual event Rescue - people trying: stabbing shark /pulling him in Shark out of darkness Man vs nature The person actually saving him is a ________ with a rope - he is the same height as the white men - shows equality
Labille-Guiard, Self Portrait with two pupils, France, female, noticeability
Artist: Title: Location: Portrait bust of father in background - besides that, all ________ Late 1785 Aristocratic (dress) - depicted in class Easel, pallet, straight edge About female role - females evolving to ___________
Angelica Kauffmann, Cornelia's Jewels, Great Britain, civic, maternal, children, Tiberius, Gaius, die
Artist: Title: Location: _________ virtue, ____________ dedication to her 3 children - didactic Friend visits with jewels - Cornelia says her _____________ are her jewels Roman dress/story 2 sons = _____________ and ___________ - tribunes - try to initial legislation for universal grain price and a Roman colony of Carthage - _____ while trying to reform (Classical Kennedys)
Richard Boyle, Chiswick House, Great Britain, Villa Rotunda, basement
Artist: Title: Location: designed after ________________ in Venice by Palladdio Stairs added later - keeps symmetry Built on ___________ (above ground) - but where they cooked, etc - villa above Pediment, entabulature, Corinthian columns, dome - Classical
Caravaggio, Crucifixion of St Peter, Italy, upside down, tenebrism
Artist: Title: Location: 1600-1601 crucified _________ - men in back pulling him up crouching person like entombment because Pontormo very intense darkness - _________ - (signature of artist) people dressed like working class
Caravaggio, Conversion of St. Paul, Italy, Spirit, reds, greens
Artist: Title: Location: 1601 capturing moment at which he is struck by a force - reception of the _______ and converts to Christianity off to side = someone managing the horse artist likes to use ______ and ________
Caravaggio, Death of the Virgin, Italy, dramatic, light, criticized
Artist: Title: Location: 1605-1606 Baroque because __________ - curtain pulled back maneuvers ______ to focus on them: Virgin Mary dead and not saint-like and holy - bloated and pale (used a drowned victim as a model) - highly ______________ - because not idealized as a saint
Guido Reni, Aurora, Italy, dawn, Apollo, rose-petaled, hours, Cupid
Artist: Title: Location: 1613-1614 Goddess of _____ - 1st light Every day, _______'s chariot pulls in sun - she pulls back darkness with ____________ fingers 12 people = the ______: Horai = 12 hours in a day then 4 watches of 3 hours at night little ______ with torch - lighting torch that lights it The Dance -= reappear
Velazquez, Water Carrier of Seville, Spain
Artist: Title: Location: 1619 focus on texture less wealthy people fabric tattered goblet of water handed to boy jugs emphasized - texture - crude form of a potter's wheel - as much detail as on people in picture
Rembrandt, The Anatomy Lesson of Dr Tulp, Holland, scientific revolution, dissecting
Artist: Title: Location: 1632 _________________ = more attention he's ___________ an arm to explain one guy taking notes in the back right = book of Assalyuses Anatomy
Velazquez, The Surrender at Breda, Spain, Dutch, left, right, keys
Artist: Title: Location: 1634-1635 conflict between ______ and Spanish - Spanish won but both sides struggled Dutch men on _____ ; Spanish on ______ (because spars up and men higher) Dutch handing _____ to Spanish - did not happen - propaganda Like the Battle of Issus by Altdorfer
Francisco de Zurbaran, St. Francis in Meditation, Spain, skull, texture, rope, clothes
Artist: Title: Location: 1639 holding a ______ - a momentamore (constant reminder of death) can tell location because _______ - more about clothes than face ______ with knots for prayer around waist vow of chastity/poverty/humility = tattered ________ can tell artist because darkness - tenebrism and focus on fabric/texture
Rembrandt, Three Crosses, Holland, engraving, fine lines
Artist: Title: Location: 1653 fourth state dry point _____________ uses ____________ to create rays of light coming down center = Jesus with crown of thorns also two other prisoners being crucified Roman soldiers
Rubens, Elevation of the Cross, Flanders, triptych, diagonal
Artist: Title: Location: 1st major commission _________: center panel = most important wings = extension of things on the _________ chiaroscuro - look at Christ and also struggle of workers to lift cross upright with adult male dog as after thought
Rembrandt, Belshazzar's Feast, Holland, Daniel, pagan, hand
Artist: Title: Location: Baroque because faces and hands of artist from Old Testament - Hebrew writing in Book of _______ moment when the king pays homage to ______ gods - ______ of God comes down and writes on wall Circle of hands in different gestures Chiaroscuro with light Tenebrism Left space for viewer (like Caravaggio) Still-life (like Caravaggio) Foreshortening Lady spilling wine because so shocked - everyone else, too Says "Mene, Mene, Tekel, Upharsin" - God has numbered the days - waiting in balance and comes short - His Kingdom will fall to the Medes and Persians - that night, Darius the Mede took over kingdom
Brueghel the Elder, The Tower of Babel, Netherlands, heaven, tongues, Bruges
Artist: Title: Location: Based on story of Genesis of people trying to building structure to reach ________ - don't finished because struck with different _________ Depicts City of ________ - international city of trade so different languages
Brueghel the Elder, Peasant Wedding, Netherlands
Artist: Title: Location: Big celebration - food, music, people of all ages
El Greco, Laocoon, Spain, Spanish Mannerism
Artist: Title: Location: Bodies elongated - __________________
El Greco, Crucifixion, Spain
Artist: Title: Location: Bodies elongated, brighter pastel color
Caravaggio, Calling of St. Matthew, Italy, light, hand
Artist: Title: Location: C. 1597-1601 _______ source outside work _____ gesture of Jesus - calling to him at tavern - like Sistine Chapel Creation of Man
Massys, Moneychanger and His Wife, Netherlands, headdress, mirror, secular, spiritual
Artist: Title: Location: Can tell its origin because of ________ and ________ showing outdoors The figures are focused on the _________ items (money, navigation tools, etc), not the _________ (Bible, kraft with Communion, Bible, etc)
Michelangelo, David, Academy, Florence, marble
Artist: Title: Location: City: Media:
Michelangelo, Last Judgement, Sistine Chapel, Vatican City, fresco
Artist: Title: Location: City: Media:
Verrocchio, Colleoni, Campo dei Santi Giovanni e Paolo, Venice, bronze
Artist: Title: Location: City: Media:
Bramante, Tempietto, St Peter on the Mountain, Rome, Ferdinand and Isabella, Peter, crucified
Artist: Title: Location: City: Patrons: Site where _______ was ____________
Durer, Fall of Man, HRE, Adam, Eve, humours
Artist: Title: Location: Depicts ________ and _______ covered up with fig leaves Snake and apple Adam angered Bodies youthful and ideal - classical Believed then that illnesses were caused by imbalances of four __________ (all depicted in picture) - chloric cat (bile), melancholic elk (black bile), sanguine rabbit (blood), phlegmatic ox (phlegm) Plaque - "Albert Durer made this" (signed it)
Vermeer, Girl with the Pearl Earring, Holland. camera obscura
Artist: Title: Location: Domestic working class Used _________ (Dark room) to capture the image to replicate it
Vermeer, The Milkmaid, Holland, headdress, plain, window, lower
Artist: Title: Location: Dutch because __________ Austere/_____ surroundings _________ on left _______ end of urban dwellers
Caterina van Hemessen, Self-Portrait, Netherlands, woman, chiaroscuro, tenebrism
Artist: Title: Location: First self-portrait of a ________ Did this kind of painting to show off skills and hopefully get a _________ from a patron Techniques: ______________ and ______________ to highlight the palette, brushes, easel, canvas Painted herself painting because females nto accepted in art world Can tell origin because headdress
Vermeer, Artist Painting Poetry and Music, Holland, Netherlands, chandelier, eagle, Hapsburg
Artist: Title: Location: Floor same as woman with balance Artist Music and reading (poem) Top - ceiling with horizntal beams Horizontal scheme in back - map of ____________ and which parts are Protestant and Catholic _____________ not lit - double-edged ______ - symbol of __________ family - lost 30 Years War Curtain bulled back - Baroque drama
Carracci, Flight into Egypt, Italy, lunette, Pope, Mary,
Artist: Title: Location: Foreground, middle ground, and background - gives perspective Joseph, donkey, Mary, and Baby Jesus - main theme _______ for ______'s quarters of _____'s life- two from this artist - both have landscape boat just brought them across river fortress/castle - small-walled town mountains
Carracci, the Butcher Shop, Italy
Artist: Title: Location: Gentleman weighting something with man on floor reading it tools of trade side of kill strung up room at angle so can see everything - flat - foreground man on left = customer like Aertsen's painting - people in background - butcher stuff in front like Moneylenders and Ambassadors because tools present everyday life stuff in front
Durer, Self-Portrait, HRE, tenebrism, chiaroscuro, Christ
Artist: Title: Location: Great use of ____________- and ________________ _______-like because doing the work of God monogrammed and signed his name
Brueghel the Elder, Carrying of the Cross, Netherlands, momentamore, center, mourning of man
Artist: Title: Location: It's a _____________ - remainder of death - reaches all aspects of society Main subject = Jesus carrying cross - depicted hidden in ________ of painting Secondary subject = ____________
Clara Peeters, Still Life with Flowers, Goblet, Dried Fruit and Pretzels, Flanders, religious, wine, bread, pretzels
Artist: Title: Location: Oil on panel Prado, Madrid Dutch = still-life because aware of surroundings _________ because ____ and _______ (Communion) and ________ - made by monks - intertwined - meant to imitate hands of little children wrapped around priests/psalms
Carracci, Loves of the Gods, Italy, academic, mythology, Bacchus and Ariadne, Polyphemus
Artist: Title: Location: Palazzo Farnese 1597-1601 Italian __________ - follows rules of art (composition, placement of figures); most themes = ___________ Central panel - __________________: coming in on chariot with throngs of people __________ - cyclops in lunette quatro riportato - assorted sizes like pictures - different from Sistine Chapel
Van Dyke, Charles I, Flanders, Bernini
Artist: Title: Location: Portrait for model for portrait bust by ________ (lead sculptor of period) - in Italy 3 different views: head-on, left side, and right side (1st mug shot) hand through sash around neck - different color for each one
Gentileschi, Art Personified, Italy
Artist: Title: Location: Self-portrait of the artist - pose mimicked in other artists' works
Caravaggio, Judith Slaying Holofernes, Italy, head, raping, blood
Artist: Title: Location: She and a servant sneak into his tent and cut off his ______ for revenge for _________ her white shirt and pillow red curtain - dramatic tenebrism _______ unrealistic
Durer, Four Apostles/Saints, HRE, Protestantism, Catholic, Peter, Mark, Protestant, Paul, James
Artist: Title: Location: Very subtle statement about significance of _______________ - _________saints (_____ and ______) in the back behind ____________ figures (_______ and ________)
Grien, Witches' Sabbath, HRE, chiaroscuro wood cut
Artist: Title: Location: Witches banned - seen as evil - usually female Night scene - in grove Media: wood cut made with 2 blocks to give depth of color = ___________
Hans Holbein the Younger, The French Ambassadors, HRE, skull, rugs, clothes, missionary
Artist: Title: Location: _______ = anomorph (can't see it head on) intricately designed fabric = French brocade ______ are Persian - give it dimension through geometry tools and instruments of trade Can see wealth/success in ________ - furs satins Person on right may be a ____________, too (more modestly dressed)
Rubens, Assumption of the Virgin, Flanders, Jesus, diagonal
Artist: Title: Location: _______ on ground on _________
Rubens, Romulus and Remus, Flanders, Vestal Virgin, Tiber, wolf, Rome, Romulus, Remus, king
Artist: Title: Location: ________ buried alive because had broken vow of chastity - with Mars - has two kids - put them on Bank of ______ River - they are discovered by a _____ - nurses them - shepherd found them and raised them - built the city of _____ - _______ killed _______ and became the 1st ____
Rembrandt, The Cloth Guild, Holland, fabric, Republic
Artist: Title: Location: ________ on table _________ so people equal
Lucas Cranach the Elder, Nymph of the Spring, HRE, landscape
Artist: Title: Location: _________ prevalent in work
Altdorfer, Battle of Issus, HRE, Alexander the Great, Persians, Turks, moon, sun
Artist: Title: Location: ___________ defeating the _________ (Near East) Now the _______ are invading - it's linking this event to this ancient battle Message: We can defeat them as much as Alexander did back then Symbol of Near East (______ - Islam) - fading out Men charging - Christian Germans West emerging (_____) Greece -> Egypt white - turbans - Turks Over 1/2 of the picture = landscape
Brueghel the Elder, Fall of Icarus, Netherlands, Daedalus, wings, farmer, fisherman, shepherd, ships, rock promenade
Artist: Title: Location: ____________ - father who is put in the labyrinth as a prisoner - observes the flight of birds and collects wax and feathers to make 2 pairs of _______ - tells his son not to go too near the sun or sea, but viamedia (middle way); his sun plays around the falls into the sea (can see his leg) - not central narrative Little details mentioned in story depicted in picture: _________ plowing, _________ fishing, and _________ herding -- none of these people notice him Can tell location because ______ and _____________
Caravaggio, Self-portrait as Bacchus, Italy, still-life
Artist: Title: Location: appropriate because out a lot and mixes with common men _______ (usually in right of corner) = mark of this artist
Caravaggio, Dinner at Emmaus, Italy, hand, viewer, halo, shells
Artist: Title: Location: balanced and outstanding moment when they realized it's Jesus - after resurrection - 2 disciples - his _____ is over bread and wine space at table for ________ = Baroque characteristic angel/______ in shadow behind Jesus _______ - pilgrims - may be Peter because 1st pilgrim artist because still-life, red and green with white accents
Reni, Cleopatra, Italy, asp, pharaoh
Artist: Title: Location: chooses to take her own life using an ____ - poisonous snake figs in bowl last ________ - Egypt = Roman providence with Roman governor - wheat for Mediterranean Area Typical female pose of this artist
Gerard ter Borch, The Suitors Visit, Holland, calling
Artist: Title: Location: female greeted by man musicians in back man has come _________ on the woman dog - fidelity
Vermeer, View of Delft, Holland
Artist: Title: Location: landscape blue rooftops
Rubens, self-portrait, Flanders
Artist: Title: Location: lead painter of this location many of the same techniques as in Holland
Frans Hals, Caterina Hooft and Her Nurse, Holland, cheeks
Artist: Title: Location: portrait artist - easy to recognize her because people have nice, bright, red chubby _______ Until the late 19th century, children dressed like little adults if wealthy
Frans Hals, Jester with a Lute, Holland
Artist: Title: Location: portrait of person with trade
Patinir, Landscape with St Jerome, Netherlands, towns, lion, cave
Artist: Title: Location: this type of painting popular with these people to show off their ________ Can see a ______ in the ______ with the figure (so recognizable)
Judith Leyster, Self-Portrait, Holland, Frans Hals, signature
Artist: Title: Location: thought to be the work of ________ for a while because detail on collar with headdress and gesture when they cleaned it, they found her ___________ like Catherine Van Hemmesen (brushes, easel, no straight tool) or Artemesia Genteleschi self-portrait (allegory painting - palette brush and no multi-brushes)
Gentileschi, Self-portrait, Italy, raped, female
Artist: Title: Location: 1st female self-portraitist recognized as artist in Italy - learned in father's studio - _____ by another student - reported - goes to trial and forced out of town because ________ - difficult to prove you didn't' do something to cause it; Goes to Luca - marries someone and succeeds in artistic career - rape and animosities come out in artwork
Dali, The Woman Looking Out of the Window
Artist: Title: Longing for husband in army Alone Night before = big storm
Duccio, Virgin and Child in Majesty, Maesta, Siena, tempera on wood
Artist: Title: Main panel of _____ Altarpiece ______ Cathedral Media:
Petrus Christus, A Goldsmith in his shop, Eligius
Artist: Title: Man in red - St. __________ - patron saint of goldsmiths
Callot, Miseries of War, 30 Years, politics
Artist: Title: Media = ___________ 24 of these scenes During _________ War - about ________ now - French with Protestant against Habsburgs
Botticelli, Primavera, tempera on wood
Artist: Title: Media:
Degas, Dancer, bronze
Artist: Title: Media:
Leonardo da Vinci, Madonna of the Rocks, oil on wood
Artist: Title: Media:
Leonardo da Vinci, Mona Lisa, oil on wood
Artist: Title: Media:
Raphael, Castiglione, oil on canvas
Artist: Title: Media:
Raphael, Madonna in the Meadow, oil on wood
Artist: Title: Media:
Mengs, Parnassas, ceiling fresco, Albani villa, Rome, Cardinal Albani, Apollo, Muses, Belvedere, Memory, classical
Artist: Title: Media: Building: City: Patron: The title was where _________ and the _________ lived (place of creativity/inspiration) Apollo is posed as ____________ The Muses' mother, Mnemosyne (________), is there Theme, location, composition, and attire are __________
Canova, Pauline Borghese, marble, Galleria Borghese, Italy, Napoleon, reclining Venus, golden apple
Artist: Title: Media: Building: Location: Sister of _________ (patron) - married into Borghese family Presented like a _________________ - holding a ____________ to link her Husband doesn't like it because she's exposed to puts it in a room where people can't see it
Raphael, Marriage of the Virgin, oil on wood, Milan
Artist: Title: Media: City:
Houdon, George Washington, marble, France, contemporary, neoclassicism, sword, plow, Cincinatus, fasces
Artist: Title: Media: Location: -Lifesize -To portray founding father as perceived -____________ dress -Presentation ____________ - contraposta, side beam -Symbols - ______, ____ share on backside (farmers used this and GW was a gentlemen farmer) -Emblem of ____________ Society on waist - was a Roman hero - patrician who was a farmer and emergency dictator - gave up power when emergency was over and became a farmer again - PERFECT example of leadership -Proscriptive gaze - looking toward future - like Egyptian -Statue presented now in the State Capital of VA with head fitting in frame where pediment breaks -__________ - bundle of sticks representing Roman Republic - Mussolini later tries to resurrect this
David, The Death of Marat, Oil on Canvas, France, Charlotte Chorday
Artist: Title: Media: Location: -One of 12 men - executive part of French government -He is a journalist who is writing pamphlets to keep the spirit of the revolution alive - many incensed -___________________ - stabs him to death with knife - he's in the process of writing in his bathtub because he has a bad skin disease and soaks in tepid water to neutralize the itching -The artist saw the scene and sketched it but paints him looking like a martyr for a cause - very saint-like: glamorized historical painting
David, Oath of the Horatii, oil on canvas, France, Classical, Rome, Horatii, triplets, Roman Republic
Artist: Title: Media: Location: -_________ History - dress -_______ and neighboring town ___________ both have ________ - the two sets decide to fight to the death with each other -They are swearing an oath of loyalty to father (Swear to father = Swear to ___________) - he is giving them swords in return Women shown mournful - depiction of gender = still withering flowers
Hackwood, "Am I Not a Man and a Brother?", black and white jasperward, Great Britain, emblem, slave trade, Suffragettes
Artist: Title: Media: Location: Designed as an ________ for the British Committee to Abolish the ____________ __________ adopt this because see themselves oppressed by society - join in on abolitionist movement
William Blake, Newton, ink and watercolor, Great Britain, creator, universe, logically, cave, protractor
Artist: Title: Media: Location: His version of Isaac Newton, the __________ of the __________ and firm believer that you can explain everything of nature _________ through math In a _____, nude, inscribing the universe using a ___________ - trying to reduce the universe to a mathematical drawing
Joshua Reynolds, Lady Sarah Bunbury Sacrificing to the Graces, oil on canvas, Great Britain, Grand manner, classical
Artist: Title: Media: Location: Historical or mythical portrait=______________ More ___________ - Roman dress/setting/3 graces Sacrifice to 3 graces Not rococo Burner - she's pouring incense as an offering
Hogarth, Marriage a la Mode, oil on canvas, Great Britain, gallery, religious, reclining nude, steward, unpaid bills, dog, cap
Artist: Title: Media: Location: Wealthy - _________ of their own - _________ paintings with one covered - may be a ____________ obscured by curtain Votives Portrait bust from emperor Wealthy because rug and furnishes _________ with hands up at _________ Hands in moneyless pockets _____ sniffs at _____ in his pocket - he was out all night, she's just up and having tea
Hogarth, Marriage a la Mode, oil on canvas, Great Britain, lawyer, duel, window, arrested, forgiveness, syphilis, wounded
Artist: Title: Media: Location: Wife with another man (the _______ from the 1st painting) Husband comes home and they ______ - lawyer leaves sword and jumps out _______ because husband calling reinforcements - later _______ Wife begging for ___________ - she later dies from _______ Husband fatefully _________ and dies
Hogarth, Enraged Musician, Engraving, Great Britain, street band
Artist: Title: Media: Location: _________ at window - music lesson - screaming at them to go away - they're trying to get money
Hogarth, Marriage a la Mode, oil on canvas, Great Britain, immoralities, marriage contract, lawyer, family tree, noble, mirror, syphilis, ring, dogs
Artist: Title: Media: Location: satirized the ___________ within marriage of the moneyed class Drawing up ______________- _______ and wife ironing out details Husband's father pointing to their __________ - ______ by birth because a knight Husband looking at himself in the ______- has black mark on jaw - sign of ______ Wife has a handkerchief through her ______- not on her hand Two ______ whose collars joined by a chain
Durer, The Knight, Death, and the Devil, engraving, HRE
Artist: Title: Media: Location: 1513 skull = death signature with monogram victorious on horseback Protestant religion escapes from devil
Donatello, Gattamelata, bronze, Piazza del Santo, Padua
Artist: Title: Media: Location: City:
Durer, Four Horsemen of the Apocalypse, engraving, HRE, Revelation
Artist: Title: Media: Location: From the Book of _____________ famine pestilence (disease/plague) death war
Durer, St Jerome in His Study, engraving, HRE, lion
Artist: Title: Media: Location: animal because he met a ______ in a cave and befriended him and was not killed by it in the Coliseum
Daumier, Gargantua, lithograph, pearhead, money, labors, working
Artist: Title: Media: (to be reproduced in newspapers) Monarch = ____________ Giant government Workers putting _______ in baskets - up to him - devours it - getting fatter and fatter of ________ of the __________ class
De La Tour, The Gypsy, stealing, distracting
Artist: Title: One of them _________ from another while one is ___________ - typical of them
Chardin, House of Cards, drawer
Artist: Title: Open _______ - because his dad made furniture Chiaroscuro means you see the face first Building a house out of cards
Poussin, Self-portrait, gallery
Artist: Title: Paints like a painter - not in action - in a _________ Many students who imitate his work
Donatello, Feast of Herod, Baptismal font, Siena
Artist: Title: Panel from the ___________ at ________Cathedral
Fouquet, Melun Diptych, Et in Sheureleer
Artist: Title: Patron:
Van der Weyden, The Deposition, Louvain Guild of Arches
Artist: Title: Patron:
Chardin, The Cook
Artist: Title: Peeling potatoes
Campin, Merode Altarpiece, patrons
Artist: Title: People on left =
Manet, Reclining Nude, Transition to Impressionism, Olympia
Artist: Title: Period: Also known as: -Compared and contrasted to Titian's Venus of Urbino -Wearing shoes (prostitute) - not wearing shoes = holy -Servant bringing flowers from a man -Black cat = misfortune (not fidelity like a dog) -Expression = stiff -Statement about profession in 19th Century -Diagonal - flattens out behind servant's head - white helps to flatten it - this artist loved to play with dimensions
Canaletto, View of Minister Abbey
Artist: Title: Procession of Anglican Cardinals
Clouet, Francis I, France, da Vinci
Artist: Title: Renaissance King of __________ - brought __________ to his country Painted during the 1st half of the 16th century
LeNain, Family of Country People, Virgin Mary
Artist: Title: Statue of __________ In back - figure - 4th child Family all gathered around Cat and dog
Watteau, Departure to Cythera, paired, statue, overgrown, wistful, Cupid
Artist: Title: Still _________ up _________ facing different way ___________ - almost memorialized Not happy - ___________ _______ is flying away
Signac, Constantinople, pointillism
Artist: Title: Technique:
Fuseli, The Nightmare, British Romantic, incubus, horse, mara
Artist: Title: Type of Painting: -Some theory of psychology at this time -Idea of nightmare comes from the idea of ___________ weighing on young virgin girls - like a monster on abdomen - causes fitful sleep -_______ in background - glaring with eyes out of darkness at incubus - origin of the term nightMARE -______ = evil spirit
Raphael, Galatea, Farnesina, Rome, fresco
Artist: Title: Villa ___________ City: Media:
Van Eyck, Ghent Altarpiece, St Bavo, Ghent
Artist: Title: What cathedral is it located in? What city?
Cimabue, Virgin and Child Enthroned, Florence
Artist: Title: Where is it from?
Berlinghieri, Pescia Altarpiece, St Francis, San Francesco
Artist: Title: Who does it depict: What church is it in?
Velazquez, Self-portrait, court, Spanish
Artist: Title: _____ painter of the ________ throne
Watteau, Pilgrimmage to Cythera, misty, Venus, curves, love, c, putti, pastel, pairing
Artist: Title: ______ = mysterious Greek Island where ______ is born More ______ - more playful Rococo Going there for ______ Tree and land = reverse ___ ______s = 's' (Renaissance version of Venus) Mast with ship ______ colors Leaves = delicate and playful All ________ off
Giotto, The Lamentation, Arena, Padua
Artist: Title: ______ Church City:
Canaletto, City View of Venice, Ducal, lion, Romanesque, Gothic, Byzantine, mosaic, body
Artist: Title: _______ Palace Winged _______ Blend of Influences - St Mark's Basilica - ______________ arches, ______________ decorations/dome, ______________ south entrances _______ decoration - color permanent Relic = St Mark's _____ - brought from Egypt during crusades to Venice
Tiepolo, Marriage of Emperor Frederick and Beatrice of Burgundy, female, Pope
Artist: Title: _______ given more detail because family was more wealthy than the Hapsburgs ______ officiates wedding because so important Part of decoration - looks like Ecstasy of San Teresa
Boucher, Leda and the Swan, rococo, baroque, eggs, jupiter
Artist: Title: _________ because playful/lively _________ drapery Lays ______ - Castor, Pollux, Helen of Troy, Clytemnestra The swan = ____________
Claude Lorrain, Embarkation of the Queen of Sheba, landscape, water, building
Artist: Title: __________ - see it first; see subject matter last typical of artist = _____, same __________ in apparent disrepair
Fabriano, Adoration of the Magi, Strozzi, Santa Trinita, Florence
Artist: Title: __________ Chapel Church: City:
Bernini, Fountain of Four Rivers, Borronini, Rio del Platte, Nile, Ganges, Danube
Artist: Title: ___________ = wins commission for facade of church - is competitor of artist Shows four largest rivers: ____________ (looking down at coins with hand up so not looking at building), ___________ (don't now source/head to the man's head is covered so not looking at building), __________, and ___________
Masaccio, Tribute Money, Brancacci, Santa Maria del Carmine, Florence
Artist: Title: ___________ Chapel Church: City:
Raphael, School of Athens, Vatican, fresco
Artist: Title: ___________ Palace Media:
Masaccio, Expulsion of Adam and Eve from Eden, Brancacci, fresco
Artist: Title: ____________ Chapel Media:
Michelangelo, Moses, Pope Julius II, Rome, marble
Artist: Title: ______________ tomb City: Media:
Memling, St Ursula Reliquary, international gothic
Artist: Title: _______________ style
Bernini, Baldacchino, bronze, Pantheon
Artist: Title: altar-covering 90 feet tall completely made of ________ - from ___________ statues Twists and flows Letters = 6 feet tall Look past altar to Cathedra Petri
Poussin, Holy Family on the Steps, Baby Jesus, Virgin Mary, John the Baptist, Elizabeth, Joseph
Artist: Title: architecture - like Veronese People: __________, __________, ____________, and his mother, __________ In the shadows = __________ Geometrically academically accurate
Hyacin the Rigaud, Louis XIV, Philip V
Artist: Title: created in 1701 - was the king in 1648, so he was about 58 years old - not ideally Baroque because red drapery (drama), stage Architecture frames him out Diagonal/pyramidal All the folds Regal/typical clothes Gift for grandson (__________ of Spain) - but decides to keep it for himself because likes it so much
Chardin, the Governess, leisure, school
Artist: Title: hat and brush in hand - giving last minute instructions other holding book _________ items lead path to child and out door - next phase of life - starting _________
Poussin, Bacchanalia, Titian, Bacchus and Ariadne, Bacchus, forest
Artist: Title: like _______'s ______________ Feast of __________ - wild and crazy drunken time Coming into _______ Dance and revelry
Bernini, Ecstasy of St Teresa, Cornaro, altarpiece, holy spirit, balcony
Artist: Title: patron = ___________ family it's an ___________ moment when Teresa received the ____________ - her soul is pierced and she collapses in ecstasy The patron family is watching from the _______ Had been sick for a while, sent to nuns, received the spirit
Canaletto, Arch of Constantine
Artist: Title: triumphal arch in Rome with roundels
Latrobe, White House Porticos
Artist: Title: Same on both sides
Durer, Melancholia, HRE
Artist: Title: ("Melancholy") Location: hoping for inspiration nothing in happening light through sky - comet flat balance hour glass equal top and bottom - no movement bell not ringing young infant - genius of new idea - lethargic cow = lethargic, too
David, Lavoisier, Wife, Paulze
Artist: Title: Antoine-Laurent __________ and _____ Marie-Anne Pierette __________ discovered law of conservation of mass (chemistry) - the father of chemistry - questions humanity of guillotine - deemed unrevolutionary - arrested and executed - blinked 14 times
Palladio, Villa Rotonda, Vincenza
Artist: Title: ____________ (Capra) Near ___________, Italy
Velazquez, Las Meninas, Spain, king and queen, easel, dwarf, court
Artist: Title: _______________ (Maids of Honor) Location: 1656 Artist on left with red cross - (Knight of Santiago) - pallet and brush, painting people reflected in mirror - ____________ giant ______ - makes viewer a part of the painting dog - loyalty people on right watching after the kids _____ = part of entourage - because seen as special enfanta - waiting on her guy in black holding the door open = minister of ______ - gives perspective and places light on diagonal
Brueghel the Elder, Hunters in the Snow, Netherlands, calendar promenade
Artist: Title: _______________ (most probably an art critic title) Location: for a ________ (the month of February) Background has what many works of this location do: rock __________
Piero della Francesca, Enthroned Madonna and Saints, Federico da Montefeltro, oil on wood
Artist: Title: _______________ Adored by ____________ Media:
Gauguin, The Vision after the Sermon
Artist: Title: ______________________ (Jacob Wrestling with the Angel)
Cezanne, Still-life
Artist: What kind of painting is it?
Bellini, San Zaccaria, oil, wood, Naples, Lucy, Peter, Catherine, Jerome
Artist: _____________ Altarpiece Media: _____ on ______ (adopted from a visiting artist from ________) Madonna in center with saints beneath a painted shrine Saint from different eras converse with each other: ________ holding her eyes ________ holding the keys ____________ with the palm and the broken wheel _________ with the Bible Outline dissolves in the color
Alberti, Santa Maria Novella, Florence
Artist: ______________ facade City:
Ruisdael, landscapes, Jewish cemetery, Holland, Romantic, above
Artist: most known for his ___________ Title: Location: dark and stormy older building falling apart ________ before his time In Holland, buried ______ ground because at sea level Gnarly tree
Nicola Pisano, pulpit, baptistry, Pisa, marble
Artist: What is it? Where is it in the church? What city is it in? What is it made of?
Giotto, Arena Chapel, Padua, fresco
Artist: (earliest of Renaissance painters - depicts the human form accurately) What is it? City: What is the medium?
Klee, Twittering Machine
Artist: ________ Title:
Mondrian, Composition with Yellow, Red, and Blue
Artist: ___________ Title:
Roebling, Brooklyn Bridge
Artist: ___________ Title: _____________
LeBrun, Self-Portrait, Great Britain
Artist: ___________ (Kicked out of Academy; High class portraits; Rescinded from acad) Title: Location:
Wedgewood, Apotheosis of Homer, white jasper, Great Britain
Artist: ___________ (abolitionist) - know it him because white on blue Title: Media: Location: Low relief Background = tent - fire in tomb
Watteau, Signboard of Gersaint, shop sign, halves, shopping, mirror, grain, momentamore
Artist: ___________ (last work he finishes - dies a few weeks later) Title: ______________(art connoisseur (collects it) - 1st art catalog) Was a __________ - sold it in ________ Right side = __________ - upper class Left = looking in __________ - good reflection of where you are in life Below on street = bundle of _______ there (vanitas) ___________- everyone dies
Picasso, Blue, Blue Nude
Artist: ____________ Title:
David, The Intervention of the Sabine Women, France
Artist: ____________ (active through king, republic, directory, Napoleon, and the Empire of Napoleon) Title: ___________ (True Classical history painting of Rome) Location: Courage, commitment, and loyalty to something bigger than self Martyr to cause if dies Romans on right
Brueghel the Elder, The Battle Between Carnival and Lent, Netherlands, Epiphany, Lent, Mardi Gras, Carnival, Lent
Artist: ____________ (important for depicting social history - not much written about everyday people) Title: Location: Carnival = Time between ___________ and _______; translates "Good-bye Meat" - lower class changes roles partly' Last Days of Carnival = __________ with Fat Tuesday - mix animal fat with flour and water (pancakes) Left = _____________ - fat, happy, big keg of beer Right = ____________ - stark, no ornamentation or celebration
Wright, Robie House, cantilever
Artist: ______________ - Praire School of Architecture Title
Neumann, French, Kaisersaal, Germany, Bovaria, gold, white, framed, crystal, curtains
Artist: ______________ : He is ________ Title: Location: Typical of _________ Rococo because ______ and _______ ________ portraits hand-cut _________ (chandeliers) painting with __________ pulled back
Joseph Wright, candle, moon, Lecture at the Orrery, Great Britain, sun, children, listener
Artist: ________________ (Specialized in drama of ______lit or ______lit scenes) Title: _________________ (Technological model= used to demonstrate the universe working as a clock) Location: Light to represent the ______ - at center of universe (candle hidden down inside) ______________ awed __________ takes notes Like Rembrandt's Dr Tulp
Giorgione, Titian, Pastoral Symphony, oil on canvas, muses
Artist: ________________ or _______________ Title: Media: Naked women = _________
Mansart and LeVau, Versailles, Louis XIV, hunting lodge, palace complex
Artists: Title: -___________asleep in castle - people lead revolt - terrifies him - renovates family ___________ to a ___________ -240 fountains -Height of royal power = 5,000 nobility and 14,000 servants
Titian
Assumption of the Virgin (1516-1518)
Avenue of Sphinx
At Pylon Temples, there is usually an _______________
democracy
Athens is the first
cyclonic, motion, polished, Hellenistic, Borghese
Baroque sculpture: _________ movement - twists to left and up Caught in _______ Highly ___________ marble - reflects light and gives a sense of chiaroscuro Much like ____________ works, inspired by Laocoon Commissioned by ___________ family
Malevich
Black Square, White on White [Series]
Canon of Polykleitos
Body proportions Facial attributes Same ideal sought by Socrates and Plato Canon= Greek rule or measure Basic unit may have been the width of the hand
Lectionary of Henry II
Book of Gospel readings for Mass - gift to Bamberg Cathedral Annunciation to Shepherds - Byzantine influence
Muhammed
Born in Mecca Worried by humility of Bedouins and greed of merchants Knew of Moses and Jesus Cave visit-believed he heard final revelations from Allah Began preaching for conversion Moved from Mecca to Medina Became religious and political leader 630AD conquered Mecca
Watteau, Madame du Pompadour, Versailles, Fountainbleau
Boucher: Hired to paint __________'s works (because unfinished) Patron = ___________________ (Mistress of the king of France - makes many political decisions) Worked to decorate ____________ and _____________ - a lot of ceiling paintings
El Greco
Burial of the Count of Orgaz (1586)
St Denis
Burial place for French Kings. Saint was decapitated picked up his head and ran to this spot. He was usually seen holding his head jamb statues Romanesque Romanesque exterior (rounded arches), Gothic interior ambulatory expanded and opened side aisles to bring in light - stained glass Labyrinth inside for people to do rosary as act of penance
Early
Byzantine Art Period: 500-800 Emperor Justinian I until 726, onset of iconoclastic controversy
Middle
Byzantine Art Period: 843-1204 Emperor Theodora 843 when she reinstated the veneration of icons
Pantocrator
Byzantine depiction of Christ as universal ruler, represented holding a book and giving a blessing
St Etienne
Caen Normons built it in France for St Stephen 1067-1120 AD - after Battle of Hastings - commemorates William the Conqueror's Conquest westwork facade defined by horizontal and vertical symmetry - tripartite Interior: stone ribbing on groin vaults, clerestory windows, sexpartite vaults, alternating compound piers, alternating half columns
Lindisfarne Gospel
Carpet page - designs (look like carpet) From East through Scithia - Each Gospel has introductory page Matthew because angel - Irish More intricate Serpentine Interlaces Small designs Volume, Shading, and perspective Animal and human figures and elaborate decoration Matthew in study Basic elements of the animal style, evident in the purse cover from Sutton Hoo the work of a monk named Eadfrith Geometric grids in the border decoration of the purse cover are elaborated in the central circle
Cassatt
Cassatt or Morisot?
Morisot
Cassatt or Morisot?
Gothic Revival, Strawberry Hill, Horace Walpole, Great Britain
Category: Title: Artist: Location: Crenelation, tower (with crennelation), windows pointed Interior: lots of revival - especially in library
San Vitale
Central church types. Justinain as emperor in Constantinople began about a year after Theodoric. In the politics of that day, the building of a church that would surpass anything undertaken by Theodoric would serve as both an assertion of Justinian's authority in Italy and as evidence of the weakening power of Theodoric Ostrogothic successors. Immediately Justinian decided to build the church of San Vitale at Ravenna. At first Justinian's power over the Western Roman Empire was anything but certain, and so the project sat in limbo. Eventually, the use of force was needed to assert his Italian claims, and his armies entered the city in year 540, after that the construction went quickly...7yrs later the church was ready for its dedication by Archbishop Maximian. As usual little attention was paid to decorating the exterior, but the interior of this church is a virtual jewel box with multi colored marble walls, carved alabaster columns, pierced marble screens, and sanctuary mosaics. Architecturally San Vitale = central-type church, differing very much from Saint Apollinaire Nuovo. It has all the usual features of the basilica...nartex entrance, circular nave, surrounding side isles, triumphal arch leading into the sanctuary w/ an apse and two side chambers. Difference btw the oblong basilica and a centralized church is the direction of the axis. Oblong=axis runs horizontally through the center of the building, dividing the church in two halves, eye leading toward the apse. In central type axis is vertical, leading the eye upward from the central floor space to the dome. Other than the oblong narthex on the west and the apse and side chapels on the east=simple octagon. 2 side chambers of the apse are usually associated w/ EASTERN ORTHODOX churches. Their presence here points to the fact that San Vitale was designed as a theatre for the Byzantine liturgy. The northern chamber=PROTHESIS, place where communion wine and bread are prepared for the altar. Eastern Orthodox tradition assumes a dramatic character, sacramental bread was symbolically "wounded, killed, & buried" on the table of the prothesis, where it appeared on the altar, where it symbolized the resurrection of the body. The southern chamber=diakonikon served as the vestry and place to store the sacred objects. While the rectangular ancestors of the rectangular basilicas were Roman domestic and public buildings, the centralized church derives from ancient circular tombs such as Hadrian's colossal monument on the banks of the Tiber. The ancient preference for the circular mausoleum can be explained partly by its symbolism. Immortality was frequently represented by the image of a serpent biting its tail-that is, a living creature whose end was joined to its beginning. Another ancestor is the round classical temple, such as the Pantheon. Church built in the same form as a tomb is by no means as somber as it may sound, however in the Christian sense, a church symbolized the Eater tomb, reminding all of the resurrection of Christ. In his memory, churches were dedicated to martyrs & saints who were believed to be partaking of the heavenly life w/ him, just as the faithful hoped that they themselves would one day be doing. The ancient Orphic cult had stressed the idea of the body being the tomb of the spirit. Hence, death and resurrection were aspects of one and the same idea, and the martyr's death was a mystical union with Christ. The altar itself was a repository for the sacred relics of the saint to whom the church was dedicated. Early altars in the catacombs actually were sarcophagi that served also as communion tables. W/in the rites of the church, the earthly past of Christ, his apostles, saints, and martyrs were commemorated, and, at the same time, the glorious heavenly future was anticipated.
academic, pyramidal, symmetrical, Renaissance
Characteristics: ____________ - follows rules by Academy of painting ____________ - with composition ____________ - with composition Appears very "_____________"
Magdeburg Antependium
Christ seated on earth orb and blessing cathedral of Magdeburg - ivory
Wyeth
Christina's World
red figure
Classical Geometry =
rotulus, vellum, parchment, book, illustrated, Vienna Genesis, purple
Codex: Replaced the _______ Flat pages of _______ (calfskin) or ________ (lambskin) Bound like a _____ Pages could be ________ Earliest = __________ 24/96 folios survive with 46 miniature illustrations ______ sheets imply royal
Epigonos, Dying Gaul
Commissioned by Attalus I of Pergamon to commemorate the victory over the Galatians ; trumpet; facial hair/hair = foreigner (barbarian); in the round; original bronze, this one marble
Uta Codex
Created at the behest of the abbess Uta, it is not only one of the most beautiful of Ottonian manuscripts but also one of the most complex. The collection of liturgical readings is preceded by four full-page frontispieces illustrating the Hand of God, Uta dedicating the codex to the Virgin and Child, a Crucifixion, and Saint Erhard (the convent's patron saint) celebrating Mass. Four evangelist portraits accompany the readings from each Gospel
Knossos
Crete's ancient capital; King Minos ruled from here
Cranach
Crucifixion (1503
Thera, palace complexes, epiphanic, marble
Cycladic Islands: Remains left after the volcano of _______ erupted leaving only a ridge ________ ___________ functioned as political, religious and economic hubs Religion was __________ Abundance of ________ for figurines
Seated Harp Player
Cycladic: lyre player from Keros on the left. The male figure is also simplified and reduced mainly to geometric essentials, but careful attention is placed on the elements emphasizing an actual musician. The harpists sits on a high back chair with a splayed back and head tilted as if he is singing. Knees and feet apart for balance and arms holding the instrument. The figure seems to be wedged btw the lyre and the chair. The shape of the instrument and the chair seem to reflect each other. Perhaps they are playing for the deceased in the afterlife. We still see simple lines and geometric shapes but there is also evidence that the artists pays careful attention to the elegance of both the figure and the instrume
Donatello
David (c.1430-32)
David
Death of Marat (1793)
Spring of Eurytheus
Demeter taught agriculture to Athenians here
Miro
Dona i Ocell (1982)
Kamares Ware
During Middle Minoan period, Cretan potters made sophisticated shapes using the newly introduced potters wheel. The vessels were decorated in polychromatic style (several colors). These vessels are named for the cave on the slope of Mount Ida where they were first discovered. *Light objects on dark background* Many have also been found at Phaistos and Knossos. This particular piece is decorated with repeated patterns and shapes. Many vessels are found decorated with aquatic compositions. The vessels were used for storing honey, wine and grain.
Dipylon Vase
Earliest is geometric pottery-narrative of funerary rituals for an important person; The figures are also very 2-d all the negative space is filled w/ and M shape known as asterisks. The figures are comprised of triangular frontal torsos, profile arms legs and heads have been attached. Mourners show their grief by tearing their hair. We begin to see the art of story telling reemerged. The resurrection of storytelling is a key turning point in the history of Greek art
Bernini
Ecstasy of St. Theresa (1646)
Ra
Egypt's rulers were divine kings, sons of the sun god ___
Gospel Book of Otto III
Emperor enthroned - sceptor and cross-inscribed orb Clergy and barons Female personification of Slavinia, Germany, Gaul and Rome - provinces of Ottoman empire
Salisbury Cathedral
England, c 1220 flamboyant (flames) two transcepts facade looks like it was pressed on cloister off to side
Howard Carter
Englishman and Egyptologist who in 1922 discovered and excavated the tomb of Tutankhamen
Voltaire, Rousseau, Rosseau
Enlightenment: _____________ was believer in science as the salvation of mankind _____________ believed that society had corrupted man so he rejected progress _____________ rejected Rococo and turned to the "natural"
Horus
Falcon pharoah (Isis and Osiris's son)
Wright
Fallingwater (1936)
Turner
Fishing Boats with Hucksters Bargaining for Fish (1837-38)
guild, bourgeoisie, gesso, colors, Van Eyck, North
Flemish painting: _______ dominated ______________ - merchants: patrons of art how to prepare panels with _______ (plaster mixed with building material) how to mix __________ ____________ credited with the invention of oil ___________ interested in bright surfaces touched with light
Baptistry of St Giovanni
Florence, 1060-1150 Giberti = doors central plan function = baptism Romanesque sculpture
Duchamp
Fountain (1917)
Kosuth
Four Colors Four Words (1966)
Christ as Good Shepherd
From interior of Galla Placidia staff = cross colors rocks lunette = little half moon (halo shape)
Ghiberti
Gates of Paradise (c.1435)
Speyer Cathedral
Germany, c. 1030 like Audience Hall of Constantine Ala Palatine
Apollo/Apollo
God of sun, light, truth and music
Poseidon/Neptune
God of the sea, holding 3-pronged spear
Dionysius/Bacchus
God of wine, grape harvest, inspiration
Demeter/Ceres
Goddess of Grain and agriculture
Persephone/Proserpina
Goddess of fertility, queen of the underworld
Athena/Minerva
Goddess of wisdom, war, virginity, victory
Magritte
Golconde (1953)
Caliph al-Walid
Great Mosque of Damascus patron
Archaic: 600-480 BCE
Greek Period: "old or old fashioned" stresses a presumed contrast btw the art of this time and the following Classical, which used to be thought of as the most admirable and highly developed-however this view no longer prevails among historians
Orientalizing: 700-600 BCE
Greek Period: apparent influence of Egyptian and Near Eastern art on the pottery of this time. This influence was due to the spread of trading contacts as well as travels of the artists themselves
Geometric: 900-700 BCE
Greek Period: geometric or rectangular forms that the artists used to decorate the ceramic vessels of this time
Hellenistic
Greek Period: means Greek-like; produced throughout the eastern Mediterranean world as non-Greek people gradually became infused with Greek culture under Alexander and his successors. The history and art of ancient Greece ends with the fall of Egypt, the last bastion of rule, to the Romans in 31 BCE.
Theotokos
Greek for "God-bearer;" In Byzantine art, the Virgin Mary as mother of God
Hellenes
Greeks called themselves
polis
Greeks established city states called _________ (Athens most dominant for mental)
polytheistic
Greeks were ______________ (many gods)
action, emotion, drama, form, imperfections
Hellenistic Period: More concerned with depicting _______ and __________ High _______ in sculpture and architecture Better awareness of ______ Willing to show man's __________ Earlier periods = ideal and general, aloof serenity, heroism of gods and goddesses
Hagesandros, Polydoros, and Athanadoros of Rhodes, Laocoon and His Sons
Hellenistic because emotion, motion, and facial hair; fighting off snake from Greeks at Troy (people think it's a punishment from the gods)
Nike of Samothrace
Hellenistic because movement and draping; originally in niche on hillside over a pool to give the impression of a boat; thought to commemorate a naval victory; displayed in a similar fashion at the Louvre
Man and Centaur
Hercules and Centaur Chiron; Geometric Sculpture in the round, bronze, small only 4 ½ " high. Possible Herakles battling the centaur Nessos, who carried the hero's bride across a river then assaulted (wrapped) her. Centaur is any mythological creature ½ horse ½ man. Geometric artists was not limited to scenes inspired by daily life and death. Hence the vases. The centaur is a pure Greek invention. During this time frame the Greeks would have been exposed to the the monsters that were popular in Egyptian and Near Eastern. It's not likely that the artist would have seen such a creature. The centaur has horse hind legs and human front legs and torso, much like the figure of the hero. The hero is portrayed much larger to (contradictory to nature) the horse to indicate that he will be the victor. Contrast to the Near Eastern sculptures the Greek figures are nude. Even here in the beginning of Greek Figural art we see the natural instinct that the Greeks felt for the beauty for the human body. Greek athletes practiced and competed in the nude in the Olympic games. The 2 figures confront each other after the man has stabbed the centaur. The sculptor has reduced the body parts to simple geometric shapes, arranging them in a composition of solid forms and open negative spaces that makes the piece pleasing to the eye. Most of these types of works have been found in sanctuaries, suggesting that they may have been votive offerings to the gods
intonaco
In fresco painting, the last layer of smooth lime plaster applied to the wall; the painting layer; the coat of wet plaster into which pigments are painted in the true fresco process; final layer of fine ground plaster
Anastasis
In the Byzantine Church, Christ's descent into hell to release and resurrect the worthy dead
Sedes sapientiae
In the Roman Catholic tradition, the epithet "the Seat of Wisdom" or "Throne of Wisdom"; identified with one of many devotional titles for the Mother of God; he phrase, which was characterized in the 11th and 12th centuries, by Peter Damiani and Guibert de Nogent as likening Mary to the Throne of Solomon, refers to her status as a vessel of the incarnation, carrying the Holy Child. As the phrase associates the Blessed Virgin with glory and with teaching, Madonna-images in this tradition are especially popular in Catholic imagery, while Protestant churches often downplay veneration for Mary (and other saints), and the veneration of images
amasis
In the black figure technique, artists painted designs-figures, objects or abstract motifs-with slip in silhouette on the clay vessels. Then using a sharp tool, stylus, they cut through the slip into the body of the vessel, incising linear details within the silhouette. In the red-figure technique the process was reversed. Artist painted the background around the figures with the slip then drew details within the figures with the same slip using a brush. In both techniques artists often enhanced their work with touches of white and reddish purple gloss, pigments mixed with slip. Firing produced the distinctive black or red images.
Giovanni, Nativity
Is this by Nicola or Giovanni Pisano? Title:
Nicola, Annunciation and Nativity
Is this by Nicola or Giovanni Pisano? Title:
mosque
Islam place of worship
Cathedral of Milan
Italy, 1386 flamboyant
Maximilian's Throne
Ivory Expression of power Wooden core with ivory
Dome of the Rock
Jerusalem 1st great Islamic building Tribute to the triumph of Islam when the Byzantines were driven from the city Rises from the Noble Enclosure ( site of the Temple of Solomon, burial of Adam, Abraham's preparation for sacrifice of Isaac Rock is the site where Muhammed journeyed to heaven and returned to Mecca Domed (60X75) octagon (similar to?) Church of the Holy Sepulchre is nearby Exterior renovated with tile (once mosaic)
Delivery of keys to Peter
Jesus chose Peter as his successor, because Peter is the rock on which his church will be built and symbolically delivers to Peter the keys to the kingdom of heaven.
Calling of St Matthew
Jesus comes and tells Matthew to follow him. Matthew was a tax collector
Transfiguration
Jesus crossing over form and becoming heavenly
Entry into Jerusalem
Jesus enters Jerusalem and palms are laid down in front of him as he comes in on a donkey
Harrowing of Hell (Descent into Limbo)
Jesus pulls up saved and leaves others behind
The Sarcophagus of Jonah
Jonah Poet Good shepherd - holding a calf Baptism Dove John the Baptist - baptizing Jesus Trees Pairings of good and evil Like ressurection
Joseph and Potiphar's Wife
Joseph punished for king's wife hitting on him
Hegira
Journey to Medina - year 1 on Islamic Calendar
Agamemnon
King of Mycenaean; sacrificed daughter; wife's twin sister is Helen (most beautiful woman alive)
Menes
King of Upper Egypt united the two kingdoms of Upper and Lower Egypt
Ingres
La Grande Odalisque (1814)
Norman Cavalry Charging in the Battle of Hastings
Last Romanesque piece William the Conqueror from the Bayeux Tapestry Odo = patron really an embroidery c 1070
white figure phiale
Late Classical Geometry =
Delacroix
Liberty Leading the People (1830)
Degas
Little Dancer of Fourteen Years (1922)
De Chirico
Love Song (1914)
Manet
Luncheon on the Grass (1863)
Giacometti
Man Striding (1960)
Christus Sol
Mausoleum of Julii (first ruling family) under St Peter's in Rome syncrestic "I am the vine, you the branches" Dionysus Apollo
trivium, quadrium
Medieval learning based on __________ (grammar, rhetoric dialectic) and _________ (geometry, arithmetic, astronomy, and music)
St Ambrogio
Milan, Italy Romanesque but plan of Old St Peter's Interior - very Romanesque, but low ceilings
St Basil's Cathedral
Moscow Brick with painted onion dome patron = Ivan the Terrible - victory over Mongol kazon: 1552
Cycladic females
Most of these figures have been found lying on graves. They used scrapers and chisels made of obsidian and polishing stones of emery. The introduction of metal tools made it possible for them to carve on a larger scale but maybe b/c the stone fractured so easily they limited themselves to simplified forms; This figure is almost flat and the human body is rendered in a stylized manner generally one notices the triangular shape that dominates the head and shoulders. The body tapers form shoulders to feet and the triangle is repeated again in the pubis area. The feet are too small to support the figure so most likely it was intended to lie in the grave with the person buried. Most likely with the breasts and pubis emphasized along with the swollen belly these figure were fertility offerings
Hejira
Muhammad's flight from Mecca to Medina
Great Mosque of Damascus
New capital 661 On the site of a Christian church Church destroyed but Roman precinct used
Pont du Gard
Nimes, France aqueduct 16 BC-60 AD limestone 900 ft long needed water to urban inhabitants arcade 47-11-6 ( levels) constantly flows
Pollock
No. 5 (1948)
Duchamp
Nude Descending a Staircase (1912)
Manet
Olympia (1863)
Vaphaio cup
On one cup, bulls are being trapped with a cow as the lure. Areas not filled in by humans or animals are filled with landscapes, rocks, trees, clouds. Similar to those of Minoan paintings, like Miniature Ships Fresco see fig. 4-9 Gardner's. The 2 cups document the admiration that the wealthy Mycenaean patrons had for Minoan art. Both the Minoan and Mycenaean metal smiths were highly skilled. Both cups are made of 2 plates of gold. The outside plate is worked in reposse style while the inside is left plain to make a smooth surface. Then the plates are fastened together, handles are added (riveted) and some of the details engraved
Two Women with a Child
Only Mycenean sculpture; IVORY - from elephants in Africa - so TRADE; subtractive
Calder
Ordinary (1969)
Poseidon, Athena, Athena, doric, Great Panathenaia
Parthenon Sculpture: West: Contest of _________ and ________ East: Birth of _______ _______ frieze on exterior: 92 metopes depicts legendary battles-god against giant, Greek against Trojan, Greek against Amazon, lapiths with Centaurs Short colonnades in front of each entrance support entablature with Ionic Frieze depicting the ________ ______________
Squinch
Pendentive or Squinch? pieces that are placed diagonally across the four corners of a square, turning it into and octagon, and as such, a more suitable base for a dome
Persian Wars
Persia invades Ionia
rhyton
Persian drinking cup; solid gold; stylized lion with wings
Archaemenids
Persian rulers trace back to Archaemenes so called
Alexander Gardner
Photographer: -The Carnage at Antietam - shoes scattered because removed from dead bodies
Matthew Brady
Photographer: In the middle of his success, he turned his notice to the Civil War. Planning to document the war on a impressive scale, he organized a group of photographers to follow the troops on the field. Friends tried to put him down by saying battlefield dangers and financial risks, but Brady didn't listen and he later said, "I had to go. A spirit in my feet said 'Go,' and I went." -Bull Run Pictures - arranges bodies to get pictures he wants
William Jackson
Photographer: equivalent of Beristadt in photographer - does the West - painter, photographer, and explorer -Yellowstone - no people, very pristine
Edward Steichen
Photographer: mostly landscape/cityscape -Rodin (sculptor) - in background = sculpture -New York's Flatiron Building -Balzac: The open sky - picture of a sculpture by Rodin
Japanese Internment
Photographs used as propaganda/to relay a message about __________________: -Pledge of Allegiance -Instructions for Internment -Packed up for Relocation
Pisa
Place where this is 1053-1272 AD White marble variegated with dark marble
persuasion
Politicians use images for ________________
Moralizing bible
Queen Blanche of Castile and Louis IX gold foil - page that's gold Queen instructing Louis Toledo Cathedral, Spain Illuminations in middle, text on outside
Galla Placidia
Ravenna Mausoleum of empress Galla Placidia (daughter of Theodosius I) 410 abducted by Alaric Returned 415 Regent for 25 yrs Plain brick 4 pediments Blind niches
Rebecca and Eliezer
Rebecca and Eliezer at the well, from the Vienna Genesis, early sixth century. Painted purple vellum, approx. 12 ¼ x 9 ¼". The earliest well preserved painted manuscript we know of that contains biblical scenes is the Vienna Genesis. It has the continuity of a frieze in a scroll. In a continuous narrative , two or more scenes of a story are represented within a single frame. This becomes common in Medieval art. In this scene from the book of Genesis (24:15-61), Rebecca leaves the city of Nahor to fetch water from the well in the first episode. In the second, she gives water to Eliezer and his camels. Nahor is represented as a walled city seen from above, in the same way as the cityscapes on the Column of Trajan and the mosaics of Santa Maria Maggiore which incorporated Roman pictorial conventions. The action is simplified, Rebecca walks to the well along a colonaded avenue of a Roman city, the source of the well, after indicated by a seminude female personification of a spring—a reminder of the persistence of classical motifs. The detail is in the pantomime of the narrative. Rebecca braces her foot on the well as she tips the jug towards Eliezer. The background is a luxurious purple with silver ink. The manuscripts become more and more elaborate as time went on in Medieval art. They valued the spiritual beauty of the text and the material beauty of the books they created to spread their message.
Uta Codex
Regensburg Germany for Uta, abbess of Niedermunster Illustrates important role that women could play in religious life and patron of arts for early Middle Ages Full page illuminations with Gospel readings Dedication page to Virgin Mary with Christ Child Created at the behest of the abbess Uta, it is not only one of the most beautiful of Ottonian manuscripts but also one of the most complex. The collection of liturgical readings is preceded by four full-page frontispieces illustrating the Hand of God, Uta dedicating the codex to the Virgin and Child, a Crucifixion, and Saint Erhard (the convent's patron saint) celebrating Mass. Four evangelist portraits accompany the readings from each Gospel
pastel, dainty, light hearted, arabesque, s, c, c, volutes, silver, gold, white, boiseries
Rococo Art: __________ colors __________ and __________ __________, ___ shapes, ___ shapes, reverse ___ and _________ _________ and ________ against _________ __________=sculpted wood panels
prostyle
Roman - porch and set of stairs; columns engaged
Harvesters Vase
Scenes of sowing and harvesting are also seen in Egyptian art, but their compositions are much more stiff, static and formulaic. This Minoan composition breaks static trend and bursts with energy and movement, and individualized figures. We see a riotous crowd singing and shouting as they return from the fields. Figures are led by an older man wearing a cloak patterned cloth carrying a staff. Youths who follow are depicting forward movement. Although we mainly see traditional profile and frontal views, one figure is singled out by shaking a rattle with his lungs so inflated with air that his ribs are showing. 1st instance where sculptor shows detail/interest in what skeletal structure of the human figure. This is a study of human anatomy. This is a remarkable composition esp. when considering the small size of the vase. Careful attention is also notes in the facial expression of the figures. All faces show tension and relaxation with in the facial muscles
Ottonian
Stage of Middle Ages: 11th century; in Eastern Charlemagne's empire; art influenced by Germanic peoples, much metalwork
Hiberno-Saxon
Stage of Middle Ages: 5th and 6th centuries - very religious (Irish and English)
Carolingian
Stage of Middle Ages: 9th century Court of Charlemagne - (in France) Coronation Gospels, Palace Chapel (modeled after San Vitale)
Van Gogh
Starry Night (1889)
Dura Europos
Syria 245 BCE: Europos to the Greeks, Dura to the Romans (fell to the Parthians several times in history of the period) probably founded around the death of Alexander. On the Euphrates River. Mid 3rd century (256CE) the people evacuated creating "Pompeii in the desert"
Gauguin
Tahitian Women on the Beach (1891)
Muhammad
The Prophet Muhammad and his Companions Traveling to the Fair no facial features of ___________ not in a mosque because no figures allowed
San Apollonaire in classe
The Roman basilica, the building in which judicial, commercial, and governmental activities took place, became the primary architectural model for Christian churches in the early Middle Ages. Medieval Italian churches generally imitated its basic design. In Classe, near Ravenna, is an excellent example of the early Christian basilican form. The relics of the Early Christian leaders and emperors were venerated as if they were the person, such as the cross, relics and mementos. Even vessels associated with holy rites came to be worshiped as real presences and to have believed to have sacramental and magical powers, such as healing. This worked in the service of both Church and the sanctified imperial state. This image would influence the Middle Ages strongly both in the East and the West. The end of the period of Justinianic Ravenna closes with the Church of Sant'Appollinare in Classe, a few miles from Ravenna, where the hieratic style of Byzantine reaches a standard and is also a point of departure. Here is where Saint Appolinaris rested and was venerated. The building itself is Early Christian, a three aisled basilica. It has a semicircle interior with a polygonal exterior. The outside is plain and the inside has mosaics. They are in the triumphal arch and the apse behind it. orant position feet frontal golden style The mosaic decorating the semi-vault above the apse in Saint 'Appolinaris, was completed in 549, when the church was dedicated. It has a large blue medallion on a gold ground, with a jeweled cross (symbol of the transfiguration of Christ) It may be another version of the cross Constantine had built on the hill of Calvary to commemorate the martyrdom of Jesus-the cross that we also saw represented at Santa Prudensiana in Rome. Above the cross is the hand of God. On either side of the medallion, in the clouds appear the figures of Moses and Elijah, who appeared before Christ during his transfiguration. Below these two figures are three sheep, three disciples who accompanied Christ to the foot of the Mount. Beneath in the midst of green fields with trees, flowers, and birds stands the patron saint of the church, Apollinaris. He is accompanied by twelve sheep(12 disciples), and a decorative base. The face of Christ is on the arch above in a medallion and the signs of the evangelists are represented in the rainbow-streaked heavens. In comparison to Galla Placidia the style has changed dramatically during the coarse of a century. Both have a human figure and some sheep in a landscape. But in Classe, in the mid-sixth century, the artist does not recreate a segment of the physical world. The story is told in flat symbols, lined upside by side. No overlapping is done. Shapes have lost their volume and become flat silhouettes. Details are done with line work. It seems more like a luxurious tapestry, narrating a story directly.
Hagia Sophia
means Holy wisdom. Combination of basilica and vaults Largest dome in the West to date Like Galla Placidia dome rests on pendentives(4 triangular sections which appear to hang) Pendentives are Byzantines greatest contribution Built of brick- necessitated buttresses Imperial place of worship It was the most important contribution of Justinian's reign. It is located in Constantinople. Justinian built many civic and religious structure. People were taxed greatly for the expense. Hagia Sophia, was built for Justinian by the architects Anthemius of Tralles and Isidorus of Miletus between 532 and 537. It is a huge structure, 270 feet long and 240 feet wide. The dome is 108 feet in diameter, and the crown rises 180 feet above the pavement. From the outside the great dome dominates, but the exterior was altered with huge buttresses and four Turkish minarets were constructed after the Ottoman conquest in 1453 when Hagia Sophia became an Islamic mosque. Now, in the 21st century, the building is a museum and nondenominational. The exterior plainness is in contrast to the exquisite interior. The huge narthex with its many entrances leads into the center of the structure, where a canopy like dome seems to be on a halo of light from the windows in the base of the dome. The dome rests on four pendentives, which is a major contribution from Byzantium to architectural engineering. It uses brick instead of concrete marking a further departure from Roman practice. The nave was reserved by the clergy and the congregation were placed in the galleries and aisles. This allowed only partial view of the ceremony. The emperor alone was allowed into the sanctuary, symbolically unifying church and state. At Hagia Sophia the combination of Greek theology, the ambitions of Rome, the vaulting tradition of the Near East and the mysticism of Eastern Christianity combine to create a magnificent monument.
Theodora
mosaic Court on her left and churchmen on her right Baptismal bowl tips forward (attempted perspective) Halo is flat (no perspective) Halos for spiritual and earthly power Tesserae reflect natural light The empress is also richly clothed and jeweled in the imperial purple. She is depicted before entering the church from the narthex. Possibly b/c of her humble beginnings (as the daughter of the feeder of the bears at the circus of Constantinople and her stage career as an actress) she appears more royal than the king. Procopius= cronicler of Justinian's reign said of Theodora that she fed the geese of the devil while on stage and the sheep of Christ when she sat on the throne. On the hem of her robe the offertory motif is carried out by the embroidered figures of the Three Wise Men, the first bearers of gifts of Christ. Since the Wise Men, Justinian, and Theodora all cam from the East, this motif served as a reminder to the people of Ravenna that the source of wisdom and power lay in that direction. These 2 portraits are especially precious b/c they are among the few surviving representations of the vanished glories of Byz courtly ceremonies.
Sparta
most warlike Greek city-state
tapestry
multicolored pictorial or decorative weaving meant to be hung on a wall or placed on furniture
Praxiteles, Aphrodite of Knidos
naked woman - challenged tradition; s-curve; island supported artist when patron wouldn't pay
St Lazarre
narrative - dedactic lunette - tympanum trumeau with jambs lintel - all people naked and trying to cover themselves - HANDS (God) pluck them up -> judgment (scales) - purgatory or condemned to Hell/fed to Hell mouth and not coming back Angel on 1 side of scales; lizardly figure on other Center = Jesus - orant - mandorla - not judgmental-looking left = purgatory, above = Heaven (saints) - some trying to cheat out of purgatory 3 registers with top 2 broken by mandorla Lazareth's body = relic in church Inside: top-hanging scene - creatures taking person below; lower right - Eve in nature, hand plucking apple; Flight to Egypt; Magi with Angel leading way
Chatal Huyuk
oldest civilization known, in present day Turkey; protected by wall; people moved around rooftops
Minoan
on Crete; legend of Minos and the Minotaur; lacked bronze; peak = 1600-1450 BCE; little known of daily life
Apollo of Veii
one of four large figures that once stood at the Temple of Veii figure has spirit, moves quickly as it strides forward stood on the roof of the temple: an Etruscan innovation; meant to be seen from below Archaic smile
Lion Gate
outside city of Hittite (capital = Hattushash); 1st to work with iron; defense/warning
