COMM 100

Message

"According to the transactional model, the _____________ refers to the information being exchanged between the sender and receiver:

Communication is one directional: somebody sends a message and then somebody receives that message

"All of the following are features of the transactional model of communication EXCEPT:

Context

"Communication ________________ refers to the time, location/setting, and status of the relationship:

Providing feedback to the speaker

"Encoding a message involves:

Transactional

"Jose and Leyla are talking in a coffee shop. While Jose asks a question, Leyla shakes her head. While she verbally answers his question, Jose leans forward, nods and touches her arm to signal that he agrees. This interaction reflects the idea that communication is:

Noise

"On a beautiful spring day, you tune out a classroom speech and listen to the birds sing. In the transactional model of communication this is considered:

Communication channels

"Sending a message through face to face communication, texting, and sky writing are all different forms of:

Transactional

"The __________ model involves a simultaneous sending and receiving of verbal and nonverbal messages within a situational, relational, and cultural context.

Feedback

"The comedian Chris Rock is performing before a large audience. The laughter he receives in response to his jokes is known as:

Interpret a message

"To decode a message is to:

Communication

Communication is the process of generating meaning by sending and receiving verbal and nonverbal symbols and signs that are influenced by multiple contexts.

Cultural context

Cultural context includes various aspects of identities such as race, gender, nationality, ethnicity, sexual orientation, class, and ability.

Decoding

Decoding is the process of turning communication into thoughts.

Encoded messages

Encoded messages are sent through a channel, or a sensory route on which a message travels, to the receiver for decoding. While communication can be sent and received using any sensory route (sight, smell, touch, taste, or sound), most communication occurs through visual (sight) and/or auditory (sound) channels. If your roommate has headphones on and is engrossed in a video game, you may need to get his attention by waving your hands before you can ask him about dinner.

Encoding

Encoding is the process of turning thoughts into communication. As we will learn later, the level of conscious thought that goes into encoding messages varies.

Feedback

Feedback includes messages sent in response to other messages.

Noise

Noise is anything that interferes with a message being sent between participants in a communication encounter

Physical context

Physical context includes the environmental factors in a communication encounter. The size, layout, temperature, and lighting of a space influence our communication

Psychological context

Psychological context includes the mental and emotional factors in a communication encounter. Stress, anxiety, and emotions are just some examples of psychological influences that can affect our communication.

Relational context

Relational context includes the previous interpersonal history and type of relationship we have with a person.

Social context

Social context refers to the stated rules or unstated norms that guide communication.

The interaction model of communication

The interaction model of communication describes communication as a process in which participants alternate positions as sender and receiver and generate meaning by sending messages and receiving feedback within physical and psychological contexts

The interaction model

The interaction model views communication as an interaction in which a message is sent and then followed by a reaction (feedback), which is then followed by another reaction, and so on. From this view, communication is defined as producing conversations and interactions within physical and psychological contexts.

The internal cognitive process

The internal cognitive process that allows participants to send, receive, and understand messages is the encoding and decoding process.

message

The message is the verbal or nonverbal content being conveyed from sender to receiver.

The transaction model of communication

The transaction model of communication describes communication as a process in which communicators generate social realities within social, relational, and cultural contexts.

The transaction model

The transaction model views communication as integrated into our social realities in such a way that it helps us not only understand them but also create and change them. For example, on a first date, as you send verbal messages about your interests and background, your date reacts nonverbally. You don't wait until you are done sending your verbal message to start receiving and decoding the nonverbal messages of your date. Instead, you are simultaneously sending your verbal message and receiving your date's nonverbal messages. This is an important addition to the model because it allows us to understand how we are able to adapt our communication—for example, a verbal message—in the middle of sending it based on the communication we are simultaneously receiving from our communication partner. Instead of labeling participants as senders and receivers, the people in a communication encounter are referred to as communicators. In short, we don't communicate about our realities; communication helps to construct our realities. The roles of sender and receiver in the transaction model of communication differ significantly from the other models. In this model, we don't just communicate to exchange messages; we communicate to create relationships, form intercultural alliances, shape our self-concepts, and engage with others in dialogue to create communities.

The transmission model of communication

The transmission model of communication describes communication as a linear, one-way process in which a sender intentionally transmits a message to a receiver

The transmission model

The transmission model views communication as a thing, like an information packet, that is sent from one place to another. From this view, communication is defined as sending and receiving messages.

environmental noise & semantic noise

While environmental noise interferes with the transmission of the message, semantic noise refers to noise that occurs in the encoding and decoding process when participants do not understand a symbol.

interaction model

interaction model suggests that participants alternate positions as sender and receiver, the transaction model suggests that we are simultaneously senders and receivers.