COMM 120 — Chapter 6

Optimism and emphasis on the future reflect which of Kohl's American Values?

Change

Cultural patterns are integrated and can be contradictory:

False

In collectivist cultures, a person's face is usually derived from his or her own self-effort:

False

Societal collectivism and in-group collectivism are two terms that mean the same thing:

False

The indulgence/restraint dimension reflects a cultures orientation toward disciplining the young:

False

According to Kohl's, the U.S. values tradition over change:

False—Change > Tradition

Japan is a low uncertainty culture with many formal social protocols that help to predict how people will behave in almost every social interaction:

False—High Uncertainty avoidance

Flexhumility cultures place less value on education than monumentalist ones:

False—Higher value

Collectivism in the United States is seen in the expectation that employees will change jobs in order to advance their careers:

False—Individualism

Humane orientation refers to the degree to which societal and organizational members acquiesce to unequal distribution of power:

False—Power distance

Countries ranked highest for individualism include Venezuela, Panama, Ecuador, and Guatemala:

False—U.S., Australia, Great Britain, Canada, & the Netherlands

Chinese culture has a strong focus on the present time orientation:

False—past

"Independence rather than interdependence is stressed" is apart of Hofstede's dimension of individualism:

True

"Individual achievement is rewarded" is apart of Hofstede's dimension of individulaism:

True

"The individual is the single most imp't. Unit of a social setting" is apart of Hofstede's dimension of individualism:

True

"Uniqueness of each person is of paramount value" is apart of Hofstede's dimension of individualism:

True

A society is called feminine when emotional gender roles overlap—both men and women are expected to be modest, tender, and concerned with quality of life:

True

Confucianism and Buddhism support the notion that human nature is a good:

True

Counties whose cultures reflect a discomfort with uncertainty (high uncertainty avoidance) include Denmark Jamaica, Singapore:

True

Countries whose cultures reflect a comfort with uncertainty (low uncertainty avoidance) include Greece, Portugal, and Guatemala:

True

Cultures that promote interdependency and cooperation take a negative view of intra group competition:

True

Cultures with high power distance emphasizes status differences:

True

For low-context cultures,l the verbal message contains most of the information and very little is embedded in the context or the person's nonverbal activity:

True

High-contest cultures tend to Convey meaning through status and informal friends and associates:

True

Individual orientation vs group orientation is thoughtof as one of the basic pattern variables that determine human action:

True

Most Latino cultures consider the current activity as the one that matters the most:

True

Perception is learned because once you perceive something in a particular way, that interpretation does not usually change:

True

The American preference for large selection of material items to choose from is illustrated by typical supermarkets, and the number of choices at Subway:

True

The U.S. is among the top five countries for high power distance:

True

Perception is inaccurate because you view the world through a subjective lens influenced by culture, values, & personal experiences which tend to make you see what you want/expect to see

True — Work in concept

The extent to which members of a culture feel threatened by ambiguous and unknown situations is referred to as:

Uncertainty avoidance

Values are important because they inform societies about:

What is good & bad, right & wrong, correct & incorrect, appropriate & inappropriate

Low context cultures include all of the following:

-English -French, -N. American -Scandinavian -German -German/Swiss

Some things associated with Minkov's flexhumility:

-Humility -Higher value on education -Fluid self-concept -Truth is relative -Holistic cognition

The World Values Survey defined this as "a tendency to allow relatively free gratification of basic and natural human desires related to enjoying life and having fun:

-Indulgence -Indulgence v.s. Restraint

Some of the American values identified by Kohl's?

-Personal control over environment -Change -Time & it's control -Individualism/Privacy -Self-Help

Monumental is within a culture, according to Minkov , indicates that members believe:

-Self-Pride -Difficulty in adapting to another culture -Truth is absolute -Religion is important

The activity orientation of being-in-becoming:

-Stresses the idea of development -Emphasizes activity that contributes to the developments of all aspects of the self

Which countries are not ranked in the top five in terms of the culture's emphasis on individualism?

-United states -Australia -Great magazine -Canada -Netherlands

What are the five universal questions for cultures?

-What is the character of human Nature? -The relation of Humankind to Nature? -What is the orientation toward time? -What is the value placed on activity? -What is the relationship of people to each other?

In the face of Chapter 6, face refers to:

-Your public identity -Metaphor for the self-image you want to project to other people

A high power distance culture:

-accepts power as part of society -everyone has their place in society

What time orientation do most Americans in the United States favor?

Future Orientation

Because we view the world through a subjective lens influenced by a number of variables, perception is considered:

Inaccurate

Perception is considered selective because:

There are too many stimuli competing f the attention of your senses at the same time, you focus on selected information & filter out the rest

Cultures that foster virtues oriented toward future rewards—in particular, perseverance and thrift, reflect what Hofstede's called a:

Long Term Orientation

In masculine-oriented cultures, women are supposed to be:

More modest, tender, & concerned with the quality of life

The self-help value according to Kohl's, is an outgrowth of :

Of independence, equality, & individuality

The human nature orientation of a culture reflects the general belief:

That evil is part of human nature

In-Group Collectivism:

The degree of Pride, loyalty, & interconnectedness that people that people have in their family or organization

Societal Collectivism:

The degree that established social & organizational practices condone & reward collective actions & resource distribution

Collectivism means the people in a culture place greater emphasis on:

The group over the individual