Comm 120: Vocabulary
Individualist culture
A culture that values the individual more than the group
Language
a structured system of symbols used for communicating meaning
Meta-message
about a message, verbal & non-verbal
Feed-forward
conveys information about messages before you send them
Social comparison
evaluating one's abilities & opinions by comparing oneself with others
What does culture effect?
everything
Acculturation
refers to the process by which a person's culture is modified through direct contact with or exposure to another culture
Relation principle
talk about what is relevant to the conversation
Connotative meaning
implied meaning; found in people
Denotative meaning
literal meaning; found in Dictionary
CMC
(computer-mediated communication) written words purely text-based CMC
Listening stages
1. Receiving 2. Understanding 3. Remembering 4. Evaluating 5. Responding
Listening barriers
1. distractions: various types of noise 2. biases & prejudices 3. lack of appropriate focus 4. premature judgment
Culture principles
1. quantity principle 2. quality principle 2. relation principle 3. manner principle
Saving face
Act that avoids publicly embarrassing/punishing someone
High power distance culture
a culture in which power is concentrated in the hands of a few people. there is a great difference the power held by the leaders & the power of the ordinary citizen
Low power distance culture
a culture in which power is more equally distributed--easy to access power
Masculine culture
a culture where men are valued for their aggressiveness, material, success & strength
Feminine culture
a culture where women are valued for their modesty, focus on the quality of life & tenderness
Stereotype
a generalized belief about a group of people
Self-esteem
a measure of how valuable you think you are
Johari Window
a model of our 4 selves 1. open self 2. blind self 3. hidden self 4. unknown self
Listening vs. Hearing
active process vs. passive process
Context
an environment that influences the form & content of communication
Collectivist culture
based on valuing the needs of a group or a community over the individual
Quantity principle
be only as informative as necessary to communicate your intended meaning
Self-concept
develops from the image others have of you
Low ambiguity tolerant cultures
do much to avoid uncertainty & have a great deal of anxiety about not knowing what will happen next
High ambiguity tolerant cultures
do not feel threatened by unknown situations, uncertainty is normal
Linear module
encoding/decoding speaker/listener
Unknown self
information about yourself that neither you nor others know
Open self
information about yourself that you and others know
High-context culture
places a great deal of emphasis on the information that is in the context or the person
Low-context culture
places less emphasis on relationships and interactions
content/relationship (messages)
refer to something external to both speaker & listener, & at the same time the relationship between both parties
Manner principle
requires that you be clear, avoid ambiguities, be relatively brief, & organize your thoughts into a meaningful sequence
Accommodation theory
speakers will adjust to or accommodate to the speaking style of their listeners
Interpersonal communication
the VERBAL and NONVERBAL interaction between two INTERDEPENDENT people, sometimes more.
Looking Glass concept
the image of yourself that others reveal by the way they treat you
Culture
the lifestyle of a group of group that consists of their values, beliefs, artifacts, and ways of behavior and communicating.
Ethics
the principles of right and wrong that guide an individual in making decisions
Active listening
the process of receiving, constructing meaning from, & responding to spoken & nonverbal messages
Culture shock
the psychological reaction you experience when you encounter a culture very different from your own
Feedback
the response to a message
Hidden Self
things only you know about yourself
Blind Self
things people know about you
Schemata
type of stereotype which happens through one's personal experience
Package of Signals
verbal & non-verbal behaviors that reinforce or support each other
Self-fulfilling prophecy
when you prophecy about something and it happens (starts with an idea with either yourself or others)
Enculturation
you learn the values of your culture through the teachings of your community & the people you are surrounded with
Quality principle
you should say what you know or believe to be true