COMM 211 - Final Exam Study Questions

Which of the following is the best definition of interpersonal communication? A. A process of message transaction between people for the purpose of creating and maintaining meaning. B. A process of interaction between two or more people. C. Dyadic interactions that include at least one source and one receiver. D. An action that sends a message from a source to multiple receivers.

A process of message transaction between people for the purpose of creating and maintaining meaning.

Which of the following is an incorrect APA in-text citation? Goen (2012) noted, "families should have dinner conversations to promote family wellbeing" (p. 53). Goen (2012, p. 53) stated, "Families should have dinner conversations". Family dinner conversations are important (Goen, 2012). According to Goen (2012), families need to consider family dinner conversations.

Goen (2012, p. 53) stated, "Families should have dinner conversations".

Marc is relatively silent during his interaction with Juliette because he thinks Juliette believes he's stupid. Which of the following would Barnlund argue is responsible for Marc's silence? A. Juliette's view of Marc. B. Marc's view of himself. C. Juliette's view of herself. D. Marc's view of what Juliette thinks of him.

Marc's view of what Juliette thinks of him

Maria and José must work together in a group for their political communication course, and they disagree about a number of aspects of the project. Which of the following is least likely to be a reason their perceptions differ? A. Maria grew up in Georgia, while José grew up in Wyoming. B. Maria was born in March, while José was born in April. C. Maria is a Republican, while José is a Democrat. D. Maria is female, while José is male.

Maria was born in March, while José was born in April.

Examine the four reference entries below. Which of the following is correct APA format? Noller, Patricia, & Fitzpatrick, Mary Anne. (1993). Communication in family relationships. (italicized) Allyn and Bacon. Noller, P., & Fitzpatrick, M. A. (1993). Communication in family relationships. Allyn and Bacon. Noller, P., & Fitzpatrick, M. A. (1993). Communication in family relationships. (italicized) Allyn and Bacon. Noller, P., & Fitzpatrick, M. A. (1993). Communication in Family Relationships. (italicized) Allyn and Bacon.

Noller, P., & Fitzpatrick, M. A. (1993). Communication in family relationships. Allyn and Bacon.

Evan is a professor, who like many other relational scholars, adopts an economic approach to the study of human relationships. Which of the following argues that people maintain relationships on the basis of the number of costs and rewards in their relationships? A. Uncertainty Reduction Theories B. Social Exchange Theories C. Expectancy Violations Theories D. Descriptive Social Theories

Social Exchange Theories

Which of the following motivates self-disclosure? Social integration and status differential Impression management and emotional blackmail Social integration and impression management Status differential and emotional blackmail

Social integration and status differential

Austin, your best friend, is meeting his significant other's parents for the first time, and wants to know how much he needs to monitor his language. You tell him that interpersonal communication competence indicates: A. Profanity is always appropriate. B. Profanity is never appropriate. C. Profanity is only appropriate if the situation calls for it. D. The appropriateness of profanity is dependent on both situational factors and the individuals involved.

The appropriateness of profanity is dependent on both situational factors and the individuals involved.

Even though Raquel told her two-year-old son he could play outside in 10 minutes, he continues to ask when he can go outside. Raquel's son continues his questioning because he doesn't understand the concept of 10 minutes. This is because Raquel's time reference is __________ language her son does not understand. A. cultural B. abstract C. arbitrary D. unified

abstract

Which type of interpersonal communication model views communication as a one-directional transmission of information from a source or sender to some destination or receiver? A. action model B. all of these C. transaction model D. interaction model

action model

Patrick's mother tells him to use his time wisely. Which of the following best characterizes how Patrick's mother thinks about time? A. technical B. activity C. duration D. punctuality

activity

At lunch, Patrick's girlfriend was busy telling him all about her new job. From time to time, he replied, "uhhuh," as she continued to talk about her morning. What kind of feedback did Patrick provide? A. ambiguous feedback B. positive feedback C. negative feedback D. appreciative feedback

ambiguous feedback

The academic study of communication began in __________. A. Mesopotamia B. ancient Rome C. England D. ancient Greece

ancient Greece

Antonio's mother is upset because he always mumbles when he speaks to her. Which of the following does Antonio need to improve? A. pronunciation B. enunciation C. inflection D. articulation

articulation

Devon told his partner he would never leave their relationship after they resolve every argument. Which of the following relational maintenance behaviors does Devon utilize with his partner? A. conflict management B. assurances C. shared tasks D. openness

assurances

Marcus wants Raoul to join his family on vacation, so he's sending 50+ text messages each day asking if Raoul wants to vacation with his family. Marcus's actions are a threat to Raoul's __________ face. A. fellowship B. autonomy C. friendship D. competence

autonomy

Yara is currently in a relationship with Pablo who is very outgoing and fun loving. He provides her with an outlet from schoolwork, yet Yara does not feel satisfied with the relationship because she feels as though Pablo should be providing her with more emotional support. According to Social Exchange Theory, Yara's view on social support is based on her __________. A. comparison stage of rewards B. comparison level C. comparison principle D. comparison level of alternatives

comparison level

When Jonathan tells Heather that he loves her, he always gazes longingly into her eyes. This is an example of how nonverbal messages can be used to __________ verbal messages. A. repeat B. complement C. contradict D. control

complement

What is it called when a word's definition is subjective, incorporating a word's emotional impact? A. metameaning B. empathetic meaning C. denotative meaning D. connotative meaning

connotative meaning

Marc enjoys listening to lectures that are organized in a logical format and follow the outline given by the professor at the start of the class. Marc is a(n) __________ listener. A. time-oriented B. content-oriented C. people-oriented D. action-oriented

content-oriented

Marguerite is a French citizen currently visiting Canada. During her visit, she met two women from the U.S. and had several conversations with them about the differences between French and American styles of communication. Their conversations are an example of __________ communication. A. co-cultural B. interracial C. intercultural D. cross-cultural

cross-cultural

Nico grew up in Italy and Ai grew up in Japan. Recently they have been discussing a number of differences in their perceptions regarding their relationship. Based on this information, which of the following best explains why their perceptions differ? A. physiology B. culture C. past experiences D. feelings

culture

The shared, universal meaning of a word that is understood broadly within society is governed by which of the following? A. relational dimension B. content dimension C. denotative definitions D. connotative definitions

denotative definitions

Mo'Nique was having a horrible day in which everything that could go wrong, went wrong. That night she called her best friend who did what all good best friends do - she let her friend tell her about everything that went wrong, even if it took awhile. Mo'Nique had the opportunity to express her emotions concerning everything that went wrong. What type of conversation did the two friends utilize? diatribe debate discourse dialogue

diatribe

An established language, religion, behavior, values, rituals, and social customs within a society reflect what type of culture? A. dominant culture B. microculture C. heritage culture D. co-culture

dominant culture

You overhear two construction workers discussing their work. However, you do not understand their conversation because they are using words such as "I-beam," "truss," "jigsaw," and "scaffolding." The reason you do not understand these construction workers is that they are using a(n) __________ code that you do not possess. A. restricted B. dialectic C. intricate D. elaborated

elaborated

The mayor held a press conference at a local library designed to highlight the city's improved literacy program. Local educators and the public praised the changes to the program, changes that the mayor took responsibility for despite little interest or involvement in the program. Which impression management technique did the mayor utilize? flattery enhancements accounts entitlements

entitlements

You walk into Ellen and Talmon's home and notice that they do not own a television. This information is best categorized as __________. A. environmental B. chronemics C. kinesics D. haptics

environmental

When home over break, CNU student Nina begins to pick on her siblings for attending other schools. She explains why CNU is the best school and that they should all transfer. This is an example of __________. A. acculturation B. enculturation C. ethnocentrism D. egocentrism

ethnocentrism

Arianna arrived at school crying because the bus driver hit a squirrel. Once she stopped crying, she told all of her friends the story, then her teacher, then the principal, and finally, her counselor. Which of the following best describes Arianna's personality? A. extrovert B. introvert C. neurotic D. agreeable

extrovert

According to most of the research on cohabitation, cohabitation before marriage decreases a couple's likelihood of divorce. A. true B. false

false

Because the same environmental information is available to everyone present, the process of perception is universal, meaning that every individual experiences the same situation in the same way. A. true B. false

false

Colloquial language is comprised of formal language, advanced vocabulary words, and specialized language, all of which suggest that the speaker is a college graduate. A. true B. false

false

Gap filling occurs because people generally speak at a rate of125-175 words per minute but can process 400-800 words per minute. A. true B. false

false

Listening and hearing are synonymous terms. A. true B. false

false

Masculinity-femininity values refer to whether or not a culture emphasizes the individual or the group. A. true B. false

false

Post-positivists are likely to conduct hour-long interviews with twenty individuals to understand human communication behaviors while interpretivists are likely to survey hundreds of individuals to understand the same communication phenomenon. A. true B. false

false

Race, ethnicity, and phenotype are synonymous terms. A. true B. false

false

Rachel is a preschool teacher. In the corner of her classroom is a playhouse filled with all sorts of fun toys, props, and creative outfits. Rachel regularly overhears children saying things like, "I'm putting frogs and purple bubbles in my potion," "we don't need a car, we can fly," and "don't touch that, it will turn you into a crocodile." This is an example of the interactional functions of language. A. true B. false

false

Temperament is a product of the social environment, while personality is biologically determined. A. true B. false

false

The Big Five Personality Traits are part of the enactment (communication) layer of Hecht's (1993) Communication Theory of Identity. A. true B. false

false

The nature v. nurture debate exists throughout the social sciences. However, communication scholars take a unique approach to this debate because they believe nature is responsible for almost all communication behaviors. A. true B. false

false

The only difference between pre-giving and promise is that promise provides the award before compliance and pre-giving provides it after. A. true B. false

false

Within the U.S., there are a greater number of derogatory/negative terms individuals can use to describe Caucasians than any minority group. A. true B. false

false

Although Elwood Murray coined the term interpersonal communication in 1953, communication departments didn't begin offering interpersonal courses and conducting research on interpersonal communication until the late 1990s. A. true B. false

false - 70s not 90s

Collectivistic cultures tend to be more masculine, long-term oriented, and higher in uncertainty avoidance. A. true B. false

false - feminine not masculine

All nonverbal communication is also non-oral communication. A. true B. false

false - it is a subset

The only difference between persuasion and social influence is that persuasion refers to rhetoric and social influence refers to interpersonal interaction. A. true B. false

false - persuasion requires ethical perspective, not just rhetoric

Goen asked a question in class, and then paused. His pause is an example of a turn-maintaining signal. A. true B. false

false - turn-yielding

Which of the following outcomes is not associated with the use of nonverbal immediacy behaviors in health care settings? A. patient satisfaction B. patient perceptions of provider credibility C. hospital performance reviews D. patient understanding of medical information

hospital performance reviews

Karen's boyfriend Michael calls her "Kar-bear" affectionately. According to Knapp & Vangelisti, the couple is currently in the __________ stage of relational development. A. experimenting B. intensifying C. initiating D. differentiating

intensifying

When Farnosh gets together with friends, she can chat endlessly about almost any topic. Which of the following is being demonstrated? interaction variability mindful conversation empathy expectation variability

interaction variability

Anjers is from Scandinavia and Mateo is from Latin America. When they engage in conversation, they engage in __________ communication. A. intercultural B. international C. co-cultural D. cross-cultural

intercultural

When communicating with the CEO of her company, Anna stands very close to him and argues with him about a decision he recently made. Which of the following best describes Anna's culture? A. feminine B. high uncertainty avoidant C. collectivistic D. low power distance

low power distance

Pascal is trying to have a conversation with the students in his class, but most of the class is talking at the same time. Which of the following best describes the barrier to listening in this scenario? A. preoccupation B. message overload C. message complexity D. defensive listening

message overload

Which of the following is created when behavioral patterns are influenced by the beliefs, values, norms, and rules based on a specific locality or geographical region? A. heritage culture B. microculture C. macroculture D. dominant culture

microculture

Only someone very childish would not study for an exam in their interpersonal class. This is an example of __________. negative self-feeling negative altercasting positive altercasting aversive stimulation

negative altercasting - generic, not individual to person

Which of the following defines the use of behaviors that increase sensory stimulation between individuals, creating both physical and psychological closeness? A. nonverbal immediacy B. nonverbal mindset C. nonverbal cultivation D. nonverbal mindfulness

nonverbal immediacy

What term refers to the informal guidelines outlining the types of social behavior that are acceptable or proper within a specific culture? A. norms B. beliefs C. values D. rules

norms

According to Ogden and Richards (1923), the only category of symbols with a direct connection to their referents is __________. A. slang terms B. codes C. jargon D. onomatopoeia

onomatopoeia

Which relationship maintenance behavior occurs when partners focus on their communication about the relationship? A. positivity B. sharing tasks C. openness D. assurances

openness

Gareth's father was so angry when he learned Gareth dented his car that he drove to Gareth's place of employment to confront him. When Gareth's father realized that his son's boss was watching the conflict, he changed his communication behavior so it appeared he was wrong rather than his son. Which of the following face movements did Gareth's father use in this interaction? A. mutual-face protection B. mutual-face obliteration C. self-face protection D. other-face protection

other-face protection

Senses, age, health, hunger, and biological cycles are examples of what kind of perceptual influence? psychological social cultural physiological

physiological

While he was telling a joke, Olivia slapped her husband's arm lightly. Which of the following describes Olivia's touch behavior? A. task-related B. playful C. ritualistic D. controlling

playful

Marquis and Juanita celebrated their 55th wedding anniversary last month. While at the celebration, their grandson asked what made their marriage last so long. They told him no matter how they felt at the time they were always nice to each other, greeted each other when one arrived at home, and said goodbye when one departed their house. Which relational maintenance behavior best describes their relationship? A. social networks B. conflict management C. positivity D. shared tasks

positivity

Jay decided to join an online dating site to find companionship and increased stability in his life. What kind of love style describes Jay's situation? agape pragma mania ludic

pragma

Your friend Lin will graduate next month and is currently reading a number of job advertisements for a position in corporate sales. You decide to peruse the job advertisements. Which of the following will you likely not see listed as a desired skill or required qualification? A. proficient with social media B. strong interpersonal skills C. excellent written communication skills D. effective public speaker

proficient with social media

Javon's mother told him, "If you clean your room, you can have a cookie." This is an example of __________. debt threat pre-giving promise

promise

The degree to which an individual views the world from their culture's perspective while evaluating different cultures according to their culture's preconceptions resulting in feelings of dislike, mistrust, or hate for cultures deemed inferior is called what? A. public collective esteem B. importance to identity C. private collective esteem D. membership esteem

public collective esteem

Craig wants his roommate to clean the bathroom in their apartment, so he told his roommate he would wash the dishes if his roommate cleaned the bathroom. This is an example of __________. reciprocity foot-in-the-door social validation door-in-the-face

reciprocity

Monique and Alexander had an argument yesterday concerning their upcoming wedding. Alexander told Monique that her idea for the first dance was stupid and he would not be dancing to the music she selected. This is an example of __________. A. implication B. confirmation C. rejection D. disconfirmation

rejection

When asked, "Tell us who you are," Cornelia said, "I am a wife, mother, daughter, sister, and aunt." According to the Communication Theory of Identity, Cornelia's statement represents the __________ layer of identity. A. communal B. relational C. personal D. enactment

relational

After her boss told her she wanted to take her to dinner and get to know her better because of her stellar performance on her last project, Gloria decided her boss wants to become friends. Which of the following most likely describes why Gloria came to this conclusion after conversing with her boss? A. relational layer of meaning B. negotiation of the relationship C. social norms D. content layer of meaning

relational layer

Jeff just told a customer, "Buy now, only three left!" Which social influence strategy does this describe? authority principle scarcity principle lowballing commitment

scarcity principle

The place where you currently sit is an example of __________. A. informal territory B. tertiary territory C. secondary territory D. primary territory

secondary territory

What is the degree to which an individual views themselves as a good person, who deserves to be valued and respected called? A. ideal-self B. self-concept C. self-worth D. self-image

self-worth

Michael feels conspicuous or socially exposed when dealing with others in face-to-face interactions. He says that the root of these feelings stems from a prior experience in which his privacy was breached due in part to his foolish actions. What type of shyness does Michael experience? A. long-term self-conscious shyness B. short-term self-conscious shyness C. short-term anxious shyness D. long-term anxious shyness

short-term self-conscious shyness

When two people with similar cultural, ethnic, or religious backgrounds are drawn to each other, what explains their attraction? physical attractiveness physical proximity task attraction similarity thesis

similarity thesis

Historically, Jewish, Italian, and Irish were racial categories on the U.S. Census. This demonstrates race is a __________. A. social construct B. social anxiety disorder C. social mechanism D. social learning theory

social construct

Carl and Kristen have been in a relationship for 12 years. They no longer communicate because each feels s/he knows what his/her partner will say. This is an example of a relationship in the __________ stage of Knapp & Vangelisti's Model A. stagnating B. terminating C. experimenting D. circumscribing

stagnating

Bruce is trying to explain to his six-year-old son why certain words represent certain objects. Bruce is trying to explain Ogden and Richards' Triangle of Meaning, which posits that there is no direct relationship between __________ and __________. A. symbols, referents B. thoughts, referents C. context, referents D. symbols, thoughts

symbols, referents

Jamal and Desmond are engaged in conversation. While speaking, Jamal determined that Desmond didn't agree with him based on his facial expressions. This interaction illustrates the __________ model of communication. A. interactional B. constructivist C. actional D. transactional

transactional

A reciprocal relationship exists between self-esteem and communication, each influencing the other. A. true B. false

true

APA references for a chapter in an edited book require the name(s) of the author(s) of the chapter as well as the name(s) of the editor(s). A. true B. false

true

If you cannot locate a doi on the source itself or its database entry, you should check the Crossref website. A. true B. false

true

In class, Goen argued that facial expressions are a form of kinesics, but that they deserve special attention because of the important function they serve in communication. A. true B. false

true

Language exists on a continuum ranging from concrete representations of a tangible object to abstract representations of ideas or concepts existing only in an individual's mind. A. true B. false

true

Many people do not use just one listening style, rather, they use a combination of different listening styles. A. true B. false

true

Nonverbal communication is a skill that requires practice. A. true B. false

true

Nonverbal communication is the primary way people communicate with each other. A. true B. false

true

Pseudolisteners provide a number of nonverbal cues that indicate they are listening when they are actually ignoring or not attending to the speaker. A. true B. false

true

Relationship changes are usually dependent upon communication. A. true B. false

true

Talkaholism is a barrier to listening. A. true B. false

true

The fact that when someone winks at you, s/he may be flirting with you, letting you in on a joke, showing affection, or simply have something in his/her eye highlights the ambiguous nature of nonverbal nature of communication. A. true B. false

true

The modern study of communication (what occurs in universities today) traces its roots to WWII and the need for an informed citizenry with skills to understand propaganda. A. true B. false

true

The overall goal of mindful intercultural interactions is to be present in the moment in a nonjudgmental way. A. true B. false

true

Thibaut and Kelley argue that the comparison level and the comparison level for alternatives explain why individuals leave or stay in a relationship. A. true B. false

true

Thomas prefers that his romantic partner use rejection messages rather than disconfirmation messages. A. true B. false

true

Pat and Chris are romantic partners. Based on this information, which of the following is the least likely to be one of their common topics of conflict? A. frequency of sexual activity B. what type of car to purchase C. the amount of time they spend with their in-laws D. financial resources

what type of car to purchase

Which of the following is the correct APA reference entry for a chapter in an edited book? Dovidio, J. F., Hebl, M., Richeson, J. A., & Shelton, J. N. (2006). Nonverbal communication, race, and intergroup relations. In V. Manusov & M. L. Patterson (Eds.), The SAGE Handbook of Nonverbal Communication (pp. 481-500). Sage Publications. Dovidio, J. F., Hebl, M., Richeson, J. A., & Shelton, J. N. (2006). Nonverbal communication, race, and intergroup relations. In V. Manusov & M. L. Patterson (Eds.), The SAGE handbook of nonverbal communication (pp. 481-500). Sage Publications. Dovidio, J. F., Hebl, M., Richeson, J. A., & Shelton, J. N. (2006). Nonverbal communication, race, and intergroup relations. In V. Manusov & M. L. Patterson (Eds.), The SAGE handbook of nonverbal communication. Sage Publications. Dovidio, J. F., Hebl, M., Richeson, J. A., & Shelton, J. N. (2006). Nonverbal communication, race, and intergroup relations. In Valerie Manusov & Miles L. Patterson (Eds.), The SAGE Handbook of Nonverbal Communication. Sage Publications.

Dovidio, J. F., Hebl, M., Richeson, J. A., & Shelton, J. N. (2006). Nonverbal communication, race, and intergroup relations. In V. Manusov & M. L. Patterson (Eds.), The SAGE handbook of nonverbal communication (pp. 481-500). Sage Publications.