COMM 306 FINAL

Unwanted Repetitive Pattern (UAP)

-A strongly coordinated set of actions repeated over time that becomes difficult to change (ex. Domestic Violence) -Two communicators can coordinate without being happy

Meaning and Action

-Closely connected (ex. meanings affect actions and actions affect meanings) -The connection mediated by a series of contexts: identify, relationship, episode,a nd culture -The context is the reference point that frames meanings and actions -The contexts are related to one another, and interact with every speech act

Definition (Constitiuive) Rules

-Defines speech acts by specifying what is what -Have the form X counts as Y in context C

Drench Effect Theory

-First proposed as "drench hypothesis" by Bradely Greenberg (1989) -Elaborated by Bahk -Suggests that media messages, especially dramatic media may generate "drenching effects" -Challenging the notion of "drip-drip-drip" cumulative effects suggested by cultivation theorists (all messages are equal) -Focuses on the role of four constructs; media involvement, perceived realism, role affinity, and subject novelty

Entry Phase

-Focus on easily observable characteristics of the person including physical appearances indicating sex, age, ethnicity, economic/ social status etc. -Much of interaction is controlled by commonly accepted rules and norms -Asking about personal matters inappropriate

Exit Phase

-Interactants decide on future interaction -Either explicitly or implicitly indicate whether they will allow their relationship to continue and grow, and how

Personal Phase

-Interactants share attitudes, beliefs, values, and more personal information -Feel less constrained by social value and norms -Tend to freely communicate with each other

Behavior (Regulative) Rules

-Involve types of behavior as necessitated by a specific context -Take the form: "Do X" or " if Y, do X" -SAT provides a basis for examining what happens when speakers use different definition and behavior rules -Helps us better understand why conversational misunderstanding occurs

Propositional Acts

-Making a reference or a truth statement -Saying something that you believe to be true

Coordinated Management of Meaning

-Proposed by Barnett Pearce and Vernon Cronen -Focuses on complex meanings

Regulative (Behavioral) Rules

-Rules of action used to determine how to respond or behave -Shaped by contexts -Give you a sense of what is logical/ appropriate in a given situation

Perlocutionary Acts

-Speech acts to elicit some behavioral response from listener - Performed knowing the effort the act might have on the listener

Media Message Involvement

-The extent to which the viewer gets involved in processing and decoding messages conveyed in the dramatic media

Major Propositions

-The greater the level of media involvement, the greater the impacts a dramatic presentation -The greater the level of perceived realism regarding a dramatic presentation, the greater the impact - The greater the level of role affinity with a dramatic character, the greater the impact of his/her role portrayals

Initial Interaction: Major Propositions

-When strangers first meet and interact, the amount of information seeking is high -As a relationship progresses, the amount of information seeking behavior decreases -The degree of perceived similarity reduces uncertainty -Perceived background similarity leads to predictions of attitude similarity -Interactions self-disclose at about the same rate As the amount of communication increases, nonverbal expressions of interest and attention increase -As nonverbal expressiveness increases, communication content will become more personal -As communication content becomes more personal, perceived similarity will increase -The greater the real and perceived similarity in a developing relationship, the more likely attraction or liking will arise

CMM

-combines sociocultural and cybernetic traditions -shows the power of connections as a cybernetic process -cmm regards meaning and action as inextricably linked, creating logics that drive conversation and action in various situations

Three stages of initial interaction

1. Entry Phase 2. Personal Phase 3. Exit Phase

Five sources of Faulty Decisions

1. Inadequate Problem Analysis 2. Inadequate Goal Setting 3. Improper Assessment of Consequences 4. Inadequate information Adoption 5. Invalid Reasoning

Common threads in communication theories

1. Motivation 2. Self-image 3. Credibility 4. Expectation 5. Audience Adaption 6. Social Construction 7. Shared Meaning 8. Narrative 9. Conflict 10. Dialogue

Four types of acts

1. Utterance 2. Propositional 3. Illocutionary 4. Perlocutionary

Meta-analysis

A statistical procedure that blends the results of multiple empirical and independent research studies exploring the same relationship between two variables

Information model

A view that communication is merely a conduit for the transmission of information about therealworld

Speech Act Theory

Anything we say is a speech act

Ex. Relationship

How can i cooperate with her after she said that

Ex. Episode

I hate this kind of meeting!

Utterance Acts

Involves merely uttering strings of words

The medium is the message

Media- regardless of content- can reshape human experience and exert far more change in our world than the sum total of the messages they contain

Systematically distorted communication

Operating outside of employees awareness, a form of discourse that restricts what can be said or even considered

Shared meaning

People's common interpretation of mutual understanding of what a verbal or nonverbal message signifies

PARC Model

Politically attentive relational constructionism; a collaborative view of communication based in stakeholder conflict.

Constitutive (definiton) Rules

Rules of meaning for communications to understand or interpret a message/event

Message system analysis

Scholarship that involves careful, systematic study of tv content, usually employing content analysis as a research method

Ex. Identity

She does not understand how good I really am!

Illocutionary Acts

Speech acts uttered to communicate attention to the listener

Mainstreaming

The blurring, blending, and bending process by which heavy TV viewers from disparate groups develop a common outlook through constant exposure to the same images and labels

Resonance

The condition that exists when viewers' real-life environment is like the world of tv; these viewers are especially susceptible to TVs cultivating power

Mean world syndrome

The cynical mindset of general mistrust of others subscribed to by heavy TV viewers

Cultivation Differential

The difference in the percentage giving the "television answer" within comparable groups of light and heavy TV viewers

Role Affinity

The extent to which the viewer gets attracted to and feels affiliated with a dramatic character

Subject Novelty

The extent to which the viewer has a prior exposure to the subject dealt with in dramatic portrayals

Perceived Realism

The extent to which the viewer perceives the content of a dramatic presentation to be likely to be seen in the real world

Audience Adaption

The strategic creation or adjustment of a message in light of the audience characteristics and specific setting

Media ecology

The study of different personal and social environments created by the use of different communication technologies

Ex. Culture

What a horrible and oppressive work place this is

Accessibility principle

When people make judgements about the world around them, they rely on the smallest bits of information that come to mind most quickly

Communication model

a view that language is the principal medium through which social reality is created and sustained

Corporate colonization

encroachment of modern corporations into every area of life outside the workplace

All Propositional Acts are Utterance Acts BUT

not all Utterance Acts are Propositional Acts

Cultivation analysis

research designed to find support for the notion that those who spend more time watching TV are more likely to see the real world through TVs lens

Institutional process analysis

scholarship that penetrates behind the scenes of media organizations in an effort to understand what policies or practices might be lurking there

Coordination takes place when

stories are told and stories are lived

Stories lived

the co-constructed actions performed with others

Social Construction

the communal creation of the world in which we live

Stories told

the narratives that we use to make sense of our stories lived