Comm. 3770 Exam #2 Review

The normative leadership theories discussed in Chapter eight include: Transactional, Transformational, Pseudo-Transformational, ____________________, Servant, Authentic (ALT), Responsible (CSR), Taoism

Aesthetic

______________________________________ groups are more productive and retain more information when compared with those with an individualistic focus.

Cooperative

This type of leader leaves followers unsure where he or she stands on moral issues?

Ethically Neutral

Immoral behavior rates are highest in which type of ethical climate?

Instrumental Climates

According to the _____________________________________________________Theory, macrosocial contracts are broader and lay the foundation for how people interact with one another.

Integrated Social Contracts

This decision-making format includes nine steps that can help bring order to otherwise confusing ethical issues.

Kidder's Ethical Checkpoints

This decision-making format can help business and groups identify responsibilities in moral choices.

Nash's 12 Questions

Is it true that leaders are either transactional or transformational?

No, transforming leadership and transformational leaders use both transactional and transformational elements.

Which two leadership shadows does Taoism address most directly?

Power and Privilege

People learn by observing and then emulating the values, attitudes, and behaviors of people they find legitimate, attractive, and credible. This is called ________________________________________________________________.

Social Learning Theory.

The book lists the following five related concepts to define servant leadership.

Stewardship, Obligation, Partnership, Emotional Healing, Elevating Purpose

Transactional leadership is a more traditional and base form of leadership that appeals to lower levels of follower needs for food, shelter, and ________________________________.

acceptance.

Law and Order Climates are driven by professional _____________________________________________.

codes of conduct.

Bribery is more common in _______________________ societies than in individualistic societies.

collectivist

Some top-level executives spend as much as 21 weeks a year working in _________________________, task forces, and other small group settings.

committees

Climate-building tools include discovering and communicating __________________________, codes of ethics and enforcement, socialization, and ethics learning and training.

core values and ideology

When we deceive ourselves into thinking we are acting morally when we are clearly not it is called ________________________________.

ethical fading.

Climate-building tools include discovering and communicating core ideology or values, codes of ethics and enforcement, socialization, and ___________________________________.

ethical training or learning.

According to Michael Brown and Linda Trevino, leaders are the ___________________________________ of their organizations. They have great influence on their followers and can cast either light or shadow by their actions.

ethics officers

In the Collective Effort Model, how much one expects his/her effort will lead to high group performance is called _______________________.

expectancy.

In creating ethical arguments, you must be careful not to use faulty reasoning by making a comparison between two things that are not really alike in order to make your claim. This is called a ____________________________________.

false analogy.

People from collective cultures are more likely to lie to protect their ________________________________________________.

family, group, or team members.

In order to be ethical and effective in crafting arguments and influencing decisions, one should avoid relying on biased sources as these are a type of __________________________________.

faulty evidence.

In order to be effective, some of the guidelines for a code of ethics include that it must prioritize guidelines, protect the larger community, and also be written for ______________________________________.

for ordinary circumstances.

Groups that do not re-examine a course of action when it is not working could be suffering from ______________________________.

groupthink.

According to Hofstede's cultural dimensions and the cultural continuum (from high to low), members of highly collective societies emphasize and place great value on connection and community over separateness and individualism, which is more valued in _____________________________________ societies.

highly individualistic

Pseudo-transformational leaders seek to become ___________________ to their followers.

idols

In Kidder's Ethical Checkpoint decision-making model, one weakness is that decisions don't always __________________________________.

lead to action.

Clearly defined sex roles exist in ____________________________ cultures.

masculine

One should practice ____________________________ to overcome barriers to diversity and reduce negative prejudice.

mindfulness

In terms of our moral actions and behavior, the first component in James Rest's model is ___________________________________________________,

moral sensitivity (recognition)

The three stages of a crisis include: ______________________________, crisis event, and post-crisis

pre-crisis

Kohlberg's Moral Development levels consider right and wrong choices from the most _______________________ to the most sophisticated.

primitive

The Foursquare Protocol is called a protocol because it focuses on the _________________________________ used to reach conclusions.

procedures

Appeals based on emotion and false logic are used by __________________________________________ leaders.

pseudo-transformational

In creating a healthy ethical climate (a component of an organization's culture, language, ceremonies, and power) a common area that needs to be included as one of zero-tolerance is ______________________________________.

sexual harassment.

A strength of servant leadership is ______________________.

simplicity.

When individuals reduce their efforts within a group it is called ______________________________.

social loafing.

Self-Managing Work Teams who move beyond "groupthink" into a healthy environment of idea sharing and constructive thought patterns are experiencing ____________________.

teamthink.

In authentic leadership, critical incidents that play a crucial role in the development of morals are called ___________________________________________.

trigger events.

While considered a general decision-making strategy, this approach is designed to help leaders make choices in particular situations involving product safety, conflicts of interest, employee misconduct, and other issues.

The Foursquare Protocol

In terms of international wage differences, we see an example of this "global shadow."

The Global Shadow of Inconsistency

This decision-making process uses a model of inquiry as a framework for making ethical choices in a four-step process.

The Lonergan/Baird Method

____________________________________________ cultures are comfortable with differences in status.

High Power Distance

The four "I's" of Transformational Leadership include: Idealized Influence, ________________________________________, Intellectual Stimulation, Individualized Consideration

Inspirational Motivation