Comm Exam 2
What is public speaking?
Always includes a speaker who has a reason for speaking, an audience that give the speaker attention, and a message that is meant to accomplish a specific purpose
How is listening both cognitive & behavioral?
Cognitive - performed cognitively; how you interpret the message is done within the self Behaviorally - perceived behavioral; behaviors are about the relationship. We percieve others on how they behave when they should be listening
What are ethical challenges to listening?
Defensive Listening Selective Listening Insensitive Listening Self-Absorbed Listening Monopolistic Listening Pseudolistening
What are challenges to effective listening?
Environmental Factors Hearing and Processing Multitasking Boredom and Overexcitement Attitudes about Listening
What are general purposes of speeches? Give the three general purposes of speeches. What are specific purposes?
General purposes - to inform, persuade, and entertain Specific purposed begin with the general purpose and depend on your topic. Inform about, persuade about, entertain about.
What is the difference between listening and hearing?
Listening is more of a psychological process and hearing is more physiological. Hearing is a physiological process of soundwaves coming into our ears
Describe and define the components of the listening process
Selecting Attend Understand Remember Respond
What is the definition of listening (either given by O'Hair and Wiemann and by ILA)? What is the significance of responding in listening?
The process of receiving, construction meaning form, and responding to speech or nonverbal messages When you do not respond to someone's messages they could assume that you are not listening or are not interested in continuing the conversation, making yourself come off as rude.
What goes into an audience analysis?
o Demographics - age, race, gender, religions, region, organization, income, education, sexual orientation, military status. ANYTHING QUANTIFIABLE o Psychographics - attitudes, lifestyles, beliefs. ANYTHING NON-QUANTIFIABLE
What are nonverbal codes that aid in effective listening?
o Reduce physical multitasking o Keep body orientation toward the speaker o Maintain appropriate eye contact o Use facial expressions o Nod in agreement or shaking head o Don't be defensive with your arms o Verbal encourages o Silence
What are the values of listening well that O'Hair and Wiemann give?
• Helps your career • Saves Time and Money • Creates opportunity • Strengthens relationships • Accomplishes your goals
Name and explain different listening goals.
• Informational Listening - listening to understand, learn, realize, or recognize • Critical Listening - Listen to judge, analyze, or evaluate • Empathetic Listening - Listening to provide comfort, therapy, and sympathy Appreciative Listening - Listening for enjoyment of what is being presented.
What are different personal listening preferences?
• People Oriented Listeners - have relationships in mind. They tend to be most concerned with other people's feelings, are good at assessing others moods, and can listen without judgment • Action Oriented Listeners - focus on tasks; they organize the information they hear into concise and relevant themes. They keep the discourse on track, so they're valuable in meetings and as members of teams and organizations • Content Oriented Listeners - carefully evaluate what they hear. They attend to information from credible sources and critically examine the information from a variety of angles. They are particularly effective when information is complex. Detailed, and challenging • Time Oriented Listeners - Are concerned with efficiency; the prefer time limitations on the listening interaction. The favor clear, pertinent information and have little parience for speakers who talk too much or wander off topic
