Communicable Disease NCLEX

The nurse would delay the administration of DTaP when the mother says that her infant: a. has diarrhea. b. had a temperature of 40.5° C (105° F) from the previous inoculation. c. is teething. d. is traveling with her to Europe in a week

b. had a temperature of 40.5° C (105° F) from the previous inoculation. A contraindication to giving the DTaP vaccine is a 40.5° C (105° F) temperature following the previous vaccination.

The nurse explains to the parents that their child is in the prodromal stage of varicella. This means that the child: a. is now immune to varicella. b. has varicella but has not yet broken out. c. is infected with varicella but is not contagious. d. does not have varicella but has been exposed to it.

b. has varicella but has not yet broken out. The prodromal stage is the initial stage of the communicable disease in which the child is infected and contagious but does not yet have outward signs of the disease.

The nurse would document a rash that has erythematous circular raised lesions as: a. macular. b. papular. c. vesicular. d. pustular.

b. papular. A papule is a circular, reddened elevated area on the skin.

The causative agent for erythema infectiosum, fifth disease, is: a. paramyxovirus b. parvovirus B19 c. human herpes virus types 1 and 2 d. group A β-hemolytic streptococci.

b. parvovirus B19

The time interval between early manifestations of disease and the overt clinical syndrome is called the: a. incubation period. b. prodromal period. c. desquamation period. d. period of communicability.

b. prodromal period.

A nurse is teaching a group of parents about complications of communicable diseases. Which of the following communicable diseases may lead to pneumonia? Select all that apply. a. rubella (German measles) b. rubeola (measles) c. pertussis (whooping cough) d. varicella (chicken pox) e. mumps

b. rubeola (measles) c. pertussis (whooping cough) d. varicella (chicken pox)

A nurse is caring for a child diagnosed w/pertussis. Nurse should respond w/ which of following when asked by pt what the common name for this disorder is? a. chicken pox b. whooping cough c. mumps d. fifth disease

b. whooping cough

The nurse should be alert for complications of meningitis. Which of the following are the most common? a) hydrocephalus b) damage of the optic nerve c) deafness d) myocarditis

c) deafness

All of the following are part of the nurse's role in infection control except: a) recognizing the signs and symptoms of infection b) collecting specimens of drainage from infected wound sites c) deciding upon the appropriate to be antibiotic to be administered to the client d) supporting the client's body defense mechanisms

c) deciding upon the appropriate to be antibiotic to be administered to the client

The organism causing whooping cough is: a) hemolytic streptococcus b) hemophilus influenza c) hemophilus pertussis d) streptococcus albus

c) hemophilus pertussis

During the second stage of pertussis, the characteristic paroxysm is frequently accompanied by: a) involuntary micturation b) spontaneous epistaxis c) inspiratory whoop d) expulsion of mucous from the trachea

c) inspiratory whoop

One of the first signs of mumps is: a) pain in the back b) diarrhea c) pain in the region of the parotid gland d) otitis media

c) pain in the region of the parotid gland

The primary human reservoir for Staphylococcus aureus is: a) adult genitalia b) blood c) skin d) feces

c) skin

The type of precautions necessary when caring for a toddler with varicella is: a. contact. b. protective. c. airborne infection. d. large droplet infection.

c. airborne infection. Airborne-infection precautions are used for patients with conditions such as tuberculosis, varicella, and rubeola. Small airborne particles caught on floating dust in the room can be inhaled from anywhere in the room.

The office nurse is taking a history on a child's illness from parents. The nurse notes that the parents treated their 7-year-old child appropriately for a fever when they report that they:\ a. gave aspirin (ASA). b. bathed the child in cold water. c. gave fluids at frequent intervals. d. gave alternating dosages of acetaminophen (Tylenol) and ibuprofen (Motrin).

c. gave fluids at frequent intervals.

An appropriate intervention to provide comfort for a child itching from chickenpox is to: a. encourage frequent warm baths b. give acetaminophen (Tylenol) c. give an antipruritic medication such as diphenhydramine (Benadryl) d. apply a thick coat of Caladryl lotion over open lesions.

c. give an antipruritic medication such as diphenhydramine (Benadryl)

Standard Precautions for infection control include: a. gloves are worn anytime a patient is touched. b. needles are capped immediately after use and disposed of in a special container. c. gloves are worn to change diapers when there are loose or explosive stools. d. masks are needed only when caring for patients with airborne infections.

c. gloves are worn to change diapers when there are loose or explosive stools.

A nurse is planning care for a child who is admitting with mumps. Which of following is appropriate action for nurse to take? a. initiate standard precautions b. initiate airborne precautions c. initiate droplet precautions d. initiate contact precautions

c. initiate droplet precautions

A nurse is caring for a 6 month old child. The child's provider has ordered DTaP vaccine to be administered. Which of following should cause nurse to question the administration of this vaccine? a. afebrile otitis media b. evidence of sensitivity to egg antigens c. temperature of 104.9 after last DTaP d. new onset of seizure disorder in the child's sibling

c. temperature of 104.9 after last DTaP

The well-child clinic nurse will prepare to give which inoculation(s) to a healthy 2-month-old? Select all that apply. a. DTaP b. Hib c. IPV d. MMR e. PCV

ANS: A, B, C, E All the options are the expected inoculations of a healthy 2-month-old with the exception of MMR. Mumps, measles, rubella are not expected until the child is 1-year-old.

The best example of medical asepsis is: a) hand washing b) use of sterile instruments c) drawing medication into syringe d) autoclaving

a) hand washing

Situation: Charles, an 8 year old boy, one of several siblings, is kept home by his mother because he has a temp of 100.2 & a history of hacking cough for 2 weeks. A definite whoop has been heard & doctor made diagnosis of whooping cough. Nurse is to instruct the mother in proper care of this patient. This young boy should be: a) kept in warm, dry room b) placed in a sunny room c) kept in a room with a temperature of 60F d) allowed free run of the house

a) kept in warm, dry room

The diagnosis of pertussis is confirmed by which of the following tests? a) nose and throat culture b) nasopharyngeal culture c) "rapid" culture of nose and throat organism d) sputum culture

a) nose and throat culture

The mother of a newborn asked the nurse, "When will my baby get the hepatitis B vaccine?" The nurse bases a response on the knowledge that the first dose of Comvax should be given to infants born to a hepatitis B-positive mother within _____ after birth. a. 12 hours b. 2 weeks c. 1 month d. 2 months

a. 12 hours The American Academy of Pediatrics recommends that Comvax, the only thimerosal-free hepatitis B vaccine, should be used for infants born to HBsAg-positive mothers within 12 hours of birth.

A nurse is collecting data from a client who was bitten by a tick. The nurse should check the client for the common early manifestations of Lyme disease, including flu-like symptoms, fever, and a. an expanding circular rash b. swollen, painful joints c. sore throat d. diffuse maculopapular rash

a. an expanding circular rash

A nurse is providing care to a group of children at a pediatric clinic. Which of following clients meets the criteria to receive a varicella vaccine? a. child who has a cold and runny nose b. child who recently received a blood transfusion c. child currently receiving chemotherapy d. child receiving fluticasone propionate (Flovent)

a. child who has a cold and runny nose

A nurse is assessing a pt who has pertussis. Which of following are clinical manifestations of pertussis? Select all that apply. a. runny nose b. mild fever c. whooping sound cough d. swollen salivary glands e. red rash

a. runny nose b. mild fever c. whooping sound cough

Situation: Bobby, 3 years old, from a family of 4 older siblings, a mother & a father, was admitted to the hospital w/temperature of 101 F, a sore throat of 4 days duration, w/ difficulty swallowing, & a moderate cervical adenitis. A diagnosis of pharyngeal diphtheria was made. The best means for providing complete bed rest for the child include: a) feeding the patient b) giving sedation c) providing quiet diversion d) giving complete physical care

b) giving sedation

Whooping cough is most contagious: a) in the paroxysmal stage b) in the catarrhal stage c) in the febrile stage d) in the incubation stage

b) in the catarrhal stage

Oxygen is used in whooping cough for which of the following reasons: a) prevents the pertussis organism from multiplying b) seems to lessen the occurrence of paroxysms c) reduces the danger of convulsions d) prevents atelectasis

b) seems to lessen the occurrence of paroxysms

A positive nose and throat culture in a member of the family in whom no signs of the diptheria are present would indicate: a) that he is developing diphtheria b) that he is a carrier c) that he is susceptible to diphtheria d) that he is immune to diphtheria

b) that he is a carrier

When insect serves as the host for transmission, this is called a) airborne b) vectorborne c) vehicle d) contact

b) vectorborne

A nurse is caring for an adolescent who has mono. The nurse assesses fever, fatigue, swollen lymph nodes, sore throat, & sore upper abdomen. Which of following instructions should nurse discuss w/adolescent & parents? Select all that apply. a. take antibiotics until symptoms subside b. drink plenty of liquids c. avoid participating in strenuous activities d. allow for periods of rest e. take aspirin as needed for fever and discomfort f. gargle w/ salt water every 2 to 3 hours

b. drink plenty of liquids c. avoid participating in strenuous activities d. allow for periods of rest f. gargle w/ salt water every 2 to 3 hours

When an 8-year-old asks the nurse how she got the antibodies that kept her from getting whooping cough, the nurse explains that those shots: a. were borrowed antibodies from another person who had whooping cough. b. gave her a tiny case of whooping cough and then she made her own antibodies. c. strengthened antibodies she was born with. d. are only temporary borrowed antibodies and she needs to have another shot every 5 years.

b. gave her a tiny case of whooping cough and then she made her own antibodies.

A nurse should suspect meningitis if a patient exhibited characteristic position which would be: a) knees pulled up b) joints of hands flexed c) backward arching of the spine d) head pulled forward onto the chest

d) head pulled forward onto the chest

Which of the following is not a symptom of localized infection? a) redness b) edema c) restricted movement of the affected body part d) lymph node enlargement

d) lymph node enlargement

Which of the following is not a part of the role of the infection control department? a) reviewing infection control policies and procedures b) performing venipunctures on clients to obtain blood cultures c) investigating outbreaks of infection d) providing input regarding the selection of patient care products

d) providing input regarding the selection of patient care products

When a health care worker is washing her/his hands, which of the following observations made by the nursewould indicate that the worker understands the principle of proper hand washing? a) washes hands prior to removing gloves b) wash hands for 5 seconds c) rinses hands with fingers pointed up d) removes rings before washing

d) removes rings before washing

The nurse determined the parent understood the information related to tick bites when he stated: a. "I'll have my son wear dark clothing on his hike." b. "We should all get the Lyme disease vaccine before our trip." c. "I'll get a prescription for amoxicillin to take with us." d. "We will wear long pants and long-sleeved shirts in the woods."

d. "We will wear long pants and long-sleeved shirts in the woods." People should keep skin covered by wearing protective clothing in wooded areas to prevent tick bites.

A parent is concerned because her son was exposed to varicella at preschool. The nurse would tell this parent that the incubation period for varicella is _____ days. a. 2 to 10 b. 4 to 14 c. 3 to 32 d. 14 to 21

d. 14 to 21 The incubation period for varicella is 2 to 3 weeks, usually 13 to 17 days.

A child was sent to the school nurse because of a rash. The nurse noted the rash was present on the trunk, extremities, and face. The child's cheeks were bright red. The nurse is aware this type of rash is consistent with: a. measles. b. roseola. c. varicella. d. fifth disease.

d. fifth disease. In fifth disease, the child has a generalized rash and the cheeks have a slapped-cheek appearance.

A nurse is preparing to administer the first MMR immunization to a 15 month old. Which of the following findings is a contraindication to this immunization? a. the child has a cough and temperature of 100.3 b. the child's temp after the last set of immunizations was 103.5 c. the child is currently receiving antibiotics for otitis media d. the child has a congenital immunodeficiency

d. the child has a congenital immunodeficiency