Communication class quizzes
The characteristics of nonverbal communication are?
1. Nonverbal communication has value 2. Nonverbal skills are important 3. Nonverbal communication is primarily relational
What are some types of "powerless" language?
1. Polite forms 2. Hedges 3. Intensifiers 4. Hesitations 5. Tag questions 6. Disclaimers
What are some ways you can make it easy for your audience to listen to you?
1. Use simple information to build up the understanding of complex information 2. Limit the amount of information you present 3. Use familiar information to increase understanding of the unfamiliar
Characteristics of Identity management?
1. We have multiple identities 2. it is a collaborative effort 3. can be conscious or an unconscious act
When giving a special occasion speech, you should?
1. adapt your remarks to the audience 2. be accurate 3. use appropriate humor
Factors affecting interpretation of behavior?
1. degree of familiarity 2. relational satisfaction 3. personal experience 4. assumptions about human behavior 5. expectations 6. knowledge of others
What are some ways to generate audience involvement?
1. have a question-answer period 2. personalize your speech 3. use volunteers
Three types of influences on self-concept
1. internal 2. external 3. cultural
Two tasks associated with facework?
1. managing our own identity 2. communicating in a way that reinforces the identities that we are trying to present
Four types of perceptual schemata?
1. physical constructs 2. role constructs 3. interaction constructs 4. psychological constructs
Identity management in workplace?
1. proceed with caution 2. assess the organization's culture 3. consider the consequences of not opening up 4. test the water
Content speeches can be categorized into the following 4 types?
1. processes 2. objects 3. events 4. concepts
Two categories for Identity Management?
1. public self 2. private self
The cocultures we examine?
1. race and ethnicity 2. regional differences 3. sexual orientation and gender identity 4. religion 5. physical ability/disability 6. age/generation 7. socioeconomic status
What are the six types of communication?
1. small group 2. public communication 3. mass communication 4. Intrapersonal communication 5. Organizational communication 6. interpersonal communication
Perceptual tendencies?
1. we make snap judgements 2. we judge ourselves more charitably than others 3. we pay more attention to negative impressions than positive ones 4. we are influenced by what is most obvious 5. we cling to first impressions, even if wrong 6. we assume that others are similar to us
-An argument that attacks the integrity of a person to weaken his or her position
Ad Hominem
When you are listening to a message in order to understand the message by exploring a variety of perspectives is call what kind of listening?
Analytical listening
-Reasoning based on the dubious notion that because many people favor an idea, you should, too
Argumentum Ad Populum
-Reasoning that tries to support a belief by relying on the testimony of someone who is not an authority on the issue being argued
Argumentum Ad Verecundiam
-value silence over excessive talk
Asian cultures
-Repeating an argument but never providing support for a point of view
Beginning the Question
True or False During an informative speech, the speaker seeks to change attitudes and offer information.
False
True or False Informative speeches are different from persuasive topics because they are usually controversial.
False
True or false Faking sincerity on a special occasion can get you in "trouble" with the audience
False
True or false Is it okay to use clichés on special occasion
False
True or false All special occasion speeches do not have a specific purpose.
False
True or False Language is a precise tool in which words have the same meaning for all English speaking people.
False (there are connotative and denotative meanings for all words)
-Using a comparison suggesting that two things are more alike than they really are
Faulty Analogy
-Reaching an unjustifiable conclusion after making assumptions or misunderstanding statistics
Hasty Generalization
-Our personalities influence self-concept because it determines how we behave and think across situations
Internal
Which is an effective transitioning from one main point to another?
Like [previous point], another important consideration in [topic] is [upcoming point]
-Reasoning that mistakenly assumes that one event causes another because they occur sequentially
Post Hoc
-Shifting the focus to a tangential subject similar to dragging a fish across a trail to distract a bloodhound
Red Herring
-Reasoning that unfairly attacks in argument by extending it to such extreme lengths that it looks ridiculous
Reductio Ad Absurdum
-is a set of relatively stable perceptions that each of us holds about ourselves
Self-Concept
-Is an important element of self-concept as it you internal evaluation of your self-worth
Self-esteem
-Setting up an argument that was not proposed and then attacking it as if it were the original argument
Straw Man
True or False Cultural background is always a part of informative speaking?
True
True or False The speaker, in an informative speech, is seeking to alleviate information anxiety
True
True or False There is no ideal way to communicate with others
True
True or False Visual aids have their advantages and disadvantages for presentations. When using visual aids you must remember to keep it simple, make it large enough for your entire audiences, attractive, appropriate, and reliable.
True
True or False When you are analyzing the space in which you will be presenting you are partaking in a situation analysis?
True
True or False Names shape the way others think of us, the way we view ourselves, and the way we act
True
True or false Most likely, you will be called upon to give a special occasion speech at least once in your lifetime.
True
True or false Using personal anecdotes and appropriate humor makes your speech more intimate and fitting to the occasion.
True
-occurs when there is a lag between receiving respond messaging
asynchronous communication
Whenever you use a mild or indirect word substituted for a less pleasant one you are using what type of language?
emotive language
-is the ability to re-create another person's perspective, to experience the world in another's point of view
empathy
-is a social construct referring to the degree a person identifies with a group based on nationality, culture, religion
ethnicity
-Plays a dynamic part in the way we communicate because it dictates was is and not acceptable in the country, state, or town where you live
culture
-is the language, values, beliefs, traditions, and customs people share and learn
culture
Which type of channel should you use to achieve message richness?
face to face communication allows you to pick up on an abundance of nonverbal cues
-is a term used to describe the verbal and nonverbal ways we act to maintain our presenting image to others.
facework
True or False Personal inventory, a brainstorming strategy, includes dividing your ideas into nine categories including people, place, thing, event, processes, concepts, natural phenomena, problems and plan, and policies.
false
True or False Repetition and signposts are not ways to emphasize your points
false
True or False Wikipedia has become a trusted site for research. You can use their citations in your research.
false
True or false Communication is simple
false
-is the dominance of one culture over another
hegemony
-rely on nonverbal cues to maintain social harmony
high context culture
-is the communication strategies people use to influence how others view them
identity management
-establish identity through the way you interact with others
identity needs
-those we identity with and are emotionally connected to
in-groups
-their primary responsibilities is to help themselves
individualistic culture
-language used to express thoughts, feelings, and ideas very directly
low context culture
-those we see as different from ourselves
out-groups
-is the reflection of your self-concept. It is who you believe yourself to be in a moment of honesty
perceived self
Which category of Uses and Gratification theory deals with the observation of others as a model to achieve effectiveness and insight about yourself.
personal identity
-classify people according to their physical appearance
physical constructs
-promotes physical health combating depression, pain, and fatigue
physical needs
Which is not a strategy for overcoming debilitative communication apprehension?
picturing your audience dresses as clowns
-the extent of the gap between social groups who possess resources and influence those who don't
power distance
Self-fulfilling prophecies are a ___________________ force in our lives!
powerful
-effective in our everyday life/settings
practical needs
-is the public image that we want to appear to others
presenting self
-when your own expectations influence your behavior
psyched yourself
-refer to the internal state of mind and disposition of the person you are evaluating
psychological construct
-is a construct used to explain differences in people from different regions of the world
race
-Describes how we develop the image of ourselves based on the way other view us
reflected appraisal
-classify people based on their social position
role constructs
-how much weight we attach to a particular person or phenomenon
salience
-occurs when a person's expectation of an outcome, and subsequent behavior, makes the outcome more likely to occur
self-fulfilling prophecy
Co-cultures exist based on ______________ Orientation and _________________ ___________________.
sexual, gender identity
The Co-cultures we belong to help ________ our __________.
shape, identity
What is not a characteristic of competent communicators?
skilled at performing attitudes
-is another way we shape our self-concept. We do this by evaluating ourselves by comparing our lives to others
social comparison
-associated with pleasure, inclusion, escape, relaxation, and control
social needs
-are arbitrary constructions that represent a communicator's thoughts
symbols
-is when you can show compassion for another's situation
sympathy
-happens in real time
synchronous communication
When you arrange the body of your speech using the method of dividing the topic into logical and consistent subtopics you are organizing it by which method?
topical order
Which communication model is used to show that the sending and receiving of messages happen simultaneously?
transactional model
True or False Listening requires you to not only hear what is being said but to pay close attention to the speaker in an effort to make sense of whatever he/she is trying to convey.
true
True or False Outlines allow you to organize your argument, views, or story in a way that can be communicated effectively.
true
True or False The most obvious kind of language problems are semantic; we don't understand others completely.
true
True or False There are only two types of informative speaking-content and purpose
true
True or False Visual aids have their advantages and disadvantages for presentations. When using visual aids you must remember to keep it simple, make it large enough for your entire audiences, attractive, appropriate, and reliable.
true
True or False You should become a better listener because people who listen are more likely to get hired and promoted.
true
True or false As a special occasion speaker, you must tailor your remarks to the audience and the occasion.
true
True or false Asynchronous communication occurs when there is a lag between receiving respond messaging. While synchronous communication happens in real time.
true
True or false The presentation speech recognizes an individual or group chosen for special honors.
true
True or false It is challenging; it is not a smoother, linear process
true
true or false Communication is a continuous, on-going process
true
-the cultural tendency to seek stability and honor tradition rather than welcome risk, uncertainty and change
uncertainty avoidance
-desire talk as part of social behavior
western cultures
What is, perhaps, the most difficult commemorative speech to make?
Eulogy
-Reasoning that sets up false alternatives, suggesting that if the inferior one must be rejected then the other must be accepted
Either-Or
Examples of Co-cultures?
age race/ethnicity sexual orientation physical disability language religion activities
Which is not a common source of debilitative communication apprehension?
all of these are common sources 1. overgeneralization 2. previous negative experience 3. catastrophic failure
In a speech of acceptance you must:
be sincere
-feel obligation to extended family and the community
collectivist culture
-the way people define words or statements based on the association, thoughts, and feelings that a statement generates
connotative
When you are analyzing the audience based on gender you are partaking in which type of audience analysis?
demographic audience analysis
-the way people define words based on the dictionary definition of the word
denotative
-focus on social behavior
interaction constructs
-describes interaction among different cocultures
intergroup communication
-the idea that people are influenced in unique ways by the complex overlap and interactions of multiple identities
intersectionality