communication

Goodness

It has been argued that the Puritan ancestry of the United States suggests that people are born evil but have the potential to be good, and that to achieve good, one must discipline the self; others argue that contemporary beliefs in the U.S. are that people are born with a potential for both good and evil

Efficiency and practicality

People in the United States are perceived as placing such a high value on time that "efficiency experts," whose emphasis is on getting things done on time, cause lives to be organized so that the most can be accomplished As a culture, the United States is less likely to make short-term sacrifices for long-term gain because progress is judged so much by monthly and quarterly goals

Counterarguments to mutability

Scientists linking biology to behavior are finding a substantial genetic underpinning for human behavior (e.g. genetic role in intelligence, aggression) Public debate also extends to wheth

Huntington (1993, 1996): eight major cultural zones

Western Christianity, the Orthodox world, the Islamic world, and the Confucian, Japanese, Hindu, African, and Latin American zones

Microassault

a blatant verbal, nonverbal, or environmental attack intentionally discriminatory or biased

Worldview

a culture's most fundamental beliefs about its place in the cosmos, beliefs about God, and beliefs about the nature of humanity and nature

Kluckhohn and Strodtbeck (1961)

all human cultures are confronted with universally shared problems

Microinvalidation

an action that excludes, negates, or dismisses the perceptions of the target person

Microinsult

an unintentional behavior or verbal comment conveying rudeness or insensitivity

mental wrestling

at a loss for how to respond or fearful of the consequences

Microaggressions

brief and commonplace daily, verbal, behavioral, or environmental indignities, whether intentional or unintentional, that communicate hostile, derogatory, or negative slights and insults towards another person or group of people

Social organization

equality is an important cultural myth in the United States, although beliefs may appear contradictory to actions; people in the United States tend to emphasize conformity to modern or future-oriented norms

dr.derlad wing sue

expounded on the theory of microaggresions

temporal orientation

gives people a sense of their place in time

Materialism

if there is one value that most of the rest of the world attributes to the United States, it is materialism, or the belief that possessions are important in life

Rationality

if you believe that humans have the potential for both good and evil, you also believe that humans have free will and therefore responsibility for their actions; consistent with the belief in the scientific method.

Self-motivation

in the U.S. the prevalent belief is that individuals should set their own goals and then pursue them independently; competition, unlikeliness to favor government redistribution of income

Science and technology

in the U.S., people have a strong faith in the scientific method of solving problems; it's a common belief that events have causes, causes can be discovered, and humans can and should alter the relationship

Individual-and-nature relationship

in the United States (according to Samovar), people typically make a clear and separate distinction between human life and nature, valuing nature but clearly placing a higher value on human life

dr.chester m pierce

introduced the theory of microagressions

emic knowledge

knowledge of the culture learned from the inside, seldom consciously discussed. If you live and have been raised in the U.S. culture, you have learned values, what is competent, and what is desirable behavior from that culture

etic knowledge

knowledge of the culture learned from the outside, often leaving some aspects puzzling. If you have not lived and been raised U.S. culture, you have learned theoretical and normative information about the United States

seeking help confronting

letting persons know their communication was offensive/hurtful

Values Orientation Theory

proposes that all human societies must address a limited number of universal problem and that the value-based solutions are limited in number and universally known, but that different cultures have different preferences among them.

Activity orientation

refers to the use of time for self-expression and play, self-improvement and development, and work. The activity orientation places a premium on "activity which results in accomplishments that are measurable

battle fatigue

sickness of mind and spirit due to battle experiences or trauma

Mutability

the degree to which something is subject and likely to change

Individualism

the most distinctive and perhaps permanent characteristics of the U.S. character are independence and individuality; reflected on views about naming children, marriage and love, life after death; when working in groups and organizations adults are encouraged to accept responsibility as separate, independent individuals

do nothing

tolerating to assimilate

self-censorship

withholding information or opinions in group discussions

Work

Common for people in the US to define themselves and others by occupation; work becomes part of one's identity