Communications 101 Midterm

8. For a 10-minute speech, how much time should be devoted to the introduction? a. 30 to 60 seconds b. 2 to 3 minutes c. 1 to 2 minutes d. 60 to 90 seconds

60 to 90 seconds

9. Researchers estimate that ________ of our day is spent listening to others communicate. a. 10-20 percent b. 50-60 percent c. 70-80 percent d. 30-40 percent

70-80 percent

12. What type of organizational pattern is most familiar to listeners? a. spatial b. chronological c. causal d. topical

chronological

19. Which of the following four steps is the adaptation of Toulmin's map of reasoning recommended by the text? a. warrant, reasoning, idea, solution b. claim, grounds, warrant, backing c. claim, backing, warrant, solution d. purpose, solution, reasoning, warrant

claim, grounds, warrant, backing

9. What type of word would likely present the most difficulty in terms of using language accurately in a speech? a. Person b. Place c. Concept

concept

15. Using a mixed metaphor during a speech will likely do which of the following? a. Sharpen the imagery b. Confuse the audience c. Enhance the meaning d. Improve the rhythm

confuse the audience

4. Time limits and preselected purposes are considered ________ that will affect a speaker's selection of a topic for a classroom speech. a. constraints b. theses c. clusters d. roadmaps

constraints

9. Emily is scheduled to deliver her standard talk about succeeding in college to a group of foreign exchange students. How should Emily alter her delivery to enhance the students' understanding of her speech? a. Limit the pauses b. Maintain the pitch c. Decrease the rate d. Increase the volume

decrease the rate

6. A useful way to develop an audience-centered speech is to analyze the audience's ________. a. genetics b. stereotypes c. beliefs d. demographics

demographics

10. What is the best resource for someone who wants to use language accurately in a speech? a. Dictionary b. Thesaurus c. Wikipedia d. Friends

dictionary

14. The verbal and nonverbal signals an audience gives a speaker are called ________. a. rebuttal b. feedback c. opinion d. noise

feedback

9. After selecting an initial topic, you should think about issues such as the audience and the allotted time for the speech to help ________ your topic. a. defend b. expand c. draft d. focus

focus

18. Which of the following words in a speech would be most likely to require a definition? a. freedom b. incident c. minority d. legislation

freedom

12. The phrase "to commemorate" refers to which aspect of the speech development process? a. Topic statement b. Specific purpose c. General purpose d. Thesis statement

general purpose

12. Which type of visual aid enables a speaker to expand their message beyond the people who attend the speech? a. handout b. model c. demonstration d. flipchart

handout

14. Which of the following technologies has the greatest potential to distract an audience from the speaker's presentation? a. display easels b. handouts c. PowerPoint slides d. LCD projectors

handouts

10. Reviewing the audience feedback cards after his speech, Alberto was surprised that many students thought he sounded bored by his own speech. How could Alberto have given his audience this impression? a. He used vocalized pauses. b. He spoke in a monotone. c. He talked at a fast rate. d. He varied his volume.

he spoke in a monotone

2. A good public speaker will consider their audience when developing a research inventory for a speech. Which of the following is least likely to be factored into a speaker's research inventory? a. how the audience will be seated b. sources the audience will trust c. what the audience wants to hear d. a basic description of the audience

how the audience will be seated

14. Which of the following would most impact the credibility of a speaker? a. Frequent inflection b. Mispronounced words c. Shifting rates d. Periodic pauses

mispronounced words

5. When someone tells a story as part of a speech, what type of supporting material is the speaker using? a. example b. definition c. narrative d. testimony

narrative

7. Sasha knows that her speech about discrimination could be considered controversial. She thinks the most effective way to promote understanding of her perspective is to develop a personal connection with the audience. Which of the following will Sasha likely use in her speech? a. example b. testimony c. statistic d. narrative

narrative

18. The MLA and APA bibliographic styles for speeches are fairly similar except for which of the following sources? a. personal interviews b. academic journals c. edited books d. music recordings

personal interviews

13. The phrase "evil reared its ugly head" is an example of ________. a. alliteration b. simile c. metaphor d. personification

personification

15. Political figures who insist on delivering a speech from a high platform to instill a sense of power over the audience are applying the science of ________. a. inflection b. proxemics c. relativity d. linguistics

proxemics

6. Sanjay opened his speech on psychological impacts of childhood obesity with a personal story about being ostracized in middle school for being different, because he wanted to make his topic ________ to the audience. a. relatable b. credible c. intriguing d. important

relatable

11. Which of the following terms best reflects a key concept of group communication? a. Strategy b. Channel c. Codes d. Relationship

strategy

18. In the conclusion to a speech, a ________ offers the audience a concise restatement of the main points. a. digest b. preview c. citation d. summary

summary

6. Visual aids should play a ________ role when used in public speaking. a. backup b. supportive c. dominant d. minimal

supportive

15. When speaking on a topic that is considered controversial and subject to debate, including ________ in the speech can help to portray the various sides of the debate to the audience. a. definitions b. testimonies c. narratives d. examples

testimonies

20. Zack has strong opinions about the role of corporations in global warming. To present an ethical informative speech about climate change and its impacts, Zack should be ________. a. forthright b. unbiased c. disengaged d. skeptical

unbiased

17. Which font should you use to label items on a colorful map to be shown during a speech? a. Lucida sans b. Zapf Chancery c. Univers bold d. Palatino bold

univers bold

13. What is the maximum number of items you should include in a list being used as a visual aid? a. 6 b. 5 c. 7 d. 4

6

8. What is the recommended time to deliver one printed page of a manuscript speech? a. 1 minute, 30 seconds b. 45 seconds c. 2 minutes, 45 seconds d. 2 minutes

2 minutes

20. For a ten-minute speech, what is the maximum recommended length for the conclusion? a. 1 minute b. 90 seconds c. 2 minutes d. 30 seconds

1 minute

4. How can Joseph have an impact on a global scale through being an ethical public speaker? a. By giving a speech about a book he read on computer technology b. By giving a speech about the impact of pesticides on farm workers c. By giving a speech about needing better snacks in the cafeteria

By giving a speech about the impact of pesticides on farm workers

8. Dan is a white American male. Which of the following terms most likely describes his speaking style? a. Expressive b. Formal c. Lyrical d. Collaborative

Formal

17. Devonne has to give a speech to the senior class next week. Even though she knows most of the students, she is still filled with anxiety. What does Devonne most likely fear will happen during her speech? a. She will pass out. b. Her voice will crack. c. Her hands will shake.

Her hands will shake

9. Which of the following cannot be used as a common Boolean operator to help refine a library database search? a. OR b. IF c. AND d. NOT

IF

4. Which of the following examples will be most useful to support a speaker's claim about a decline in childhood physical activity? a. In a large housing development, no children are outside on summer mornings. b. Local pediatricians are seeing higher numbers of children who are overweight. c. The local sporting goods store stopped carrying children's outdoor play sets. d. More children know video game character names than pro football player names.

In a large housing development, no children are outside on summer mornings.

3. A person who participates in the public dialogue would demonstrate civility by doing which of the following? a. Protesting b. Listening c. Arguing d. Demanding

Listening

5. Which of the following online resources would be most likely to offer information that lacks credibility on a particular topic? a. Iowa Online State Archives b. Library of Congress website c. Miguel's Many Musings blog d. the New York Times website

Miguel's Many Musings blog

5. Speaking before a group of prospective college students touring the university from various countries, Nathan focused on how the American education system is the best and most effective in the world. Many of the visiting students reacted negatively toward Nathan. What caused the students' reaction to Nathan? a. Nathan's master status b. Nathan's ethnocentrism c. their ethnocentrism d. their master status

Nathan's ethnocentrism

11. Which of the following visual aids is more interactive and supports audience participation? a. smartboard b. PowerPoint c. Prezi d. model

PowerPoint

8. Marlena is researching a speech on planning an "Autumn in New York" weekend, and has gathered a list of online articles as sources. Which of the following resources should Marlena reject as being irrelevant to her speech topic? a. Hidden Parks and Gardens of Manhattan b. What's Hot on the Brooklyn Foodie Scene c. How to Score Last-Minute Broadway Tickets d. Skin Care Tips to Look Fabulous After Flying

Skin Care Tips to Look Fabulous After Flying

6. Zach is preparing a speech on the risks and benefits of large solar power arrays. Which of the following websites should Zach avoid using as research due to possible bias? a. EnergyAlternatives.org b. CornellUniversity.edu c. ArizonaPower.gov d. SunPowerLife.com

SunPowerLife.com

8. In his speech on emergency preparedness, Ahmad plans to tell a story about being caught on the highway in a Midwestern blizzard. Which of the following phrases should Ahmad use to describe the blizzard? a. a howling, white monster b. a meteorological event c. a really frightening storm d. a powerful weather system

a howling, white monster

10. Which of the following should be included in the introduction to every speech? a. A story b. A preview c. A quotation d. A demo

a preview

17. In stage plays, there is an old adage that if a gun appears in the first act, then it will reappear in the final act. In a speech, the same can be said for __________. a. a quote b. a story c. a question d. a statistic

a question

10. Seiji thinks that giving his audience a "real life" sense of his institute's deep-sea exploration vessel will encourage them to support their research on coral bleaching. Which of the following should Seiji use? a. a handout illustrating the vessel b. a PowerPoint about the vessel c. a Prezi explaining the vessel d. a scale model of the vessel

a scale model of the vessel

14. Which of the following is most important when creating graphs for a speech? a. accuracy b. labels c. color d. simplicity

accuracy

6. Leo was enthusiastic about teaching his first class of English as a Second Language. But the students were confused when he described his study habits in college and mentioned "burning the midnight oil." What led Leo's students to be confused? a. A simile b. An idiom c. A metaphor d. A referent

an idiom

19. ____________ is the placement of words and phrases in contrast or opposition to one another. a. Alliteration b. Rhythm c. Antithesis d. Mnemonics

antithesis

5. How can you encourage active listening by the audience in the introduction to your speech? a. Ask a compelling question. b. Use long, dramatic pauses. c. Be brief and to the point. d. Recite lines of classic poetry.

ask a compelling question

17. What word should always be in the statement of purpose for a speech? a. Audience b. Inform c. Objective d. Dialogue

audience

13. Jamal is the spokesperson for a group that supports more charter schools. Although his organization's position is consistent, Jamal will give a different speech to a group of parents than to a group of legislators. This is because Jamal knows that public speaking is __________. a. audience-centered b. argumentative c. community-based d. ethical

audience-centered

3. John has argued with his friends on several occasions that the 1969 moon landing was faked and that no one has ever actually been to the moon. This is an example of a(n) __________. a. value b. standpoint c. attitude d. belief

belief

16. When including testimony in a speech, what two factors must always be considered by a speaker? a. connection and length b. vividness and emotion c. timeliness and veracity d. bias and credibility

bias and credibility

8. Which method tends to naturally build topic ideas from broad to more specific concepts? a. Brainstorming by categories b. Brainstorming by free association c. Brainstorming by technology d. Brainstorming by clustering

brainstorming by clustering

5. When you generate ideas freely and quickly without judgment in an unstructured way with pen and paper you are doing which of the following? a. Brainstorming by technology b. Brainstorming by categories c. Brainstorming by free association d. Brainstorming by clustering

brainstorming by free association

11. Sarah was assigned a 3-minute speech addressing styles of home designs in the United States. She knows little about the topic, so she opens Google on her laptop, types in "American residential architecture" and begins to explore the results for speech ideas. What is Sarah doing to identify a topic for her speech? a. Brainstorming by category b. Brainstorming by research c. Brainstorming by clustering d. Brainstorming by technology

brainstorming by technology

1. The information gathered during audience analysis must be considered when developing a speech introduction because __________. a. demographics prove your credibility b. it determines your delivery style c. early audience connection is critical d. some audiences prefer narratives

early audience connection is critical

11. The advice to "put yourself in their shoes" when considering an audience reflects which of the following concepts? a. ethnocentrism b. ethics c. environment d. empathy

empathy

1. Class assignments in which students select a topic, organize the information, prepare note cards, and deliver a presentation to an audience are known as ________ speeches. a. memorized b. manuscript c. extemporaneous d. impromptu

extemporaneous

6. James incorporates the tale of a fictional family throughout his speech to pull his audience in emotionally and develop a connection with his broader point about the effects of Hurricane Katrina. What type of supporting material is James using? a. extended narrative b. personal testimony c. expert testimony d. hypothetical example

extended narrative

11. When you use a causal pattern for a speech, you inform the audience about a specific set of problems and offer a solution. a. True b. False

false

12. The previews and summaries used in speeches reflect the casual aspects of spoken language. a. True b. False

false

19. Research on visualization has revealed that it is not a very effective way to impact communication apprehension. a. True b. False

false

19. To ensure that your audience views you as credible, you should cite every claim that you make in a speech. a. True b. False

false

20. Rehearsing a speech more than a few times often leads a speaker to sound stilted and unnatural. a. True b. False

false

4. A person's master status is unchangeable once it has been set. a. True b. False

false

7. Information on a website that contradicts your research from traditional library sources should automatically be rejected as unreliable. a. True b. False

false

7. Speakers can review the latest research to select technology tools that will help optimize their delivery of a speech. a. True b. False

false

1. With smartphones and the internet and traditional media, we can easily take in more things than our minds can readily process - a situation Alvin Toffler called ________. a. information overload b. resource traffic c. data gridlock d. message saturation

information overload

4. Which of the following is a likely risk for someone who uses a manuscript delivery for a speech? a. Faulty citations b. Lack of connection c. Increased anxiety d. Loss of credibility

lack of connection

15. One main point in Fatima's speech is how the prevalence of smoking among high school students has changed during the past thirty years. Which of the following will help the audience understand Fatima's point? a. picture graph b. pie graph c. flow chart d. line graph

line graph

2. The significant positions a person occupies within a society that affect that person's identity in almost all social situations are known as __________. a. audience traits b. personal identity c. master statuses d. identity markers

master statuses

16. Cherelle wants to make sure that the speech she gives at the youth conference brings her topic to life. As a guideline, she should remember to use information that is ________. a. compelling and newsworthy b. straightforward and ethical c. relevant and engaging d. brief and enlightening

relevant and engaging

2.. Which of the following terms best describes the concept of civility in the context of public speaking? a. Argumentativeness b. Aggression c. Politeness d. Responsibility

responsibility

17. Eloise is starting to do research for her final project of the semester - a 10-minute speech on the US National Parks. She just found a great newspaper article announcing that President Theodore Roosevelt proclaimed Devil's Tower as the first national monument. What should Eloise do next? a. locate a copy of the proclamation b. set up the speech bibliography c. write her speech introduction d. locate a confirming source

set up the speech bibliography

14. "The warm custard was like soft velvet in her mouth" is an example of ________. a. simile b. metaphor c. alliteration d. personification

simile

14. To help her students focus on using detailed language, Ms. Leung asked them to each prepare a speech about a common household item. They must describe their objects without naming them or using visual aids, and the audience must guess what the object is. What organizational pattern will most students likely use for this assignment? a. chronological b. spatial c. causal d. topical

spatial

5. On Memorial Day, you would be least likely to hear which type of informative speech? a. speeches about a person b. speeches about a process c. speeches about an event d. speeches about a concept

speeches about a process

7. What type of speeches are you most likely to hear at a consumer electronics sales convention? a. speeches about people b. speeches about objects c. speeches about concepts d. speeches about places

speeches about objects

6. Tenisha wants to present an informative speech about Eleanor Roosevelt. Because she won't have time in a speech to discuss all there is to know about the person, Tenisha should focus on communicating the ____________ of the former First Lady. a. spirit b. achievements c. pedigree d. biography

spirit

16. When Khalid learned that his speech was the first one scheduled in a long conference day, he was happy and relieved. Why did Khalid have a positive response to his speaking order? a. His speech will not be overshadowed. b. The audience will be warmed up. c. The attendees will be fresh and alert. d. He is a high-energy morning person.

the attendees will be fresh and alert

19. When using projected slides during a speech, where should you focus most of your attention? a. the audience b. the slide changer c. the screen d. your notes

the audience

10. Which of the following is a benefit when speaking to voluntary audiences? a. They have similar culture. b. They have similar standpoints. c. They have similar values. d. They have similar interest.

they have similar interest

10. Marissa is giving a speech about farming organic produce. Which of the following would be a correct statement of purpose? a. To introduce my audience to new labeling standards for organic foods. b. To persuade my audience to become vegetarians. c. To remind my audience that organic produce is more delicious and nutritious than conventional produce. d. To inform my audience of the process of planting, harvesting and preparing organic produce

to inform my audience of the process of planting, harvesting, and preparing organic produce

15. The specific purpose of Tonya's speech at the local town meeting is "to convince my audience to reduce water use by landscaping with native Southwestern plants." What is the general purpose of the speech? a. To accept b. To persuade c. To invite d. To introduce

to persuade

18. Hector's speech at the neighborhood block party had the following thesis statement: "The city's Green Spark program offers free home audits that will help you save money on energy bills, so set up an appointment at our booth today." What is the general purpose of Hector's speech? a. To inform b. To persuade c. To invite d. To introduce

to persuade

10. What is the primary goal of the various organizational patterns that can be used to develop informative speeches? a. to fit within the allotted time b. to ensure a clear vocal delivery c. to put key points in logical order d. to keep the audience engaged

to put key points in logical order

11. People who attend a speech expect it to be more clear and intelligible than when they talk with friends at a coffee shop. a. True b. False

true

5. Research has shown that using visual aids in a speech can help the audience see you as more credible. a. True b. False

true

5. Using appropriate labels to refer to various cultural groups is a way of demonstrating respect. a. True b. False

true

8. According to the guidelines for gender-inclusive language, the following sentence is problematic: "To properly staff the project, a foreman needs to employ appropriately trained personnel." a. True b. False

true

1. Examples are a type of supporting material that __________. a. provide an exact meaning of words or phrases b. use specific instances to illustrate concepts c. give opinions or observations of others d. recount hypothetical events

use specific instances to illustrate concepts

17. Sandeep knows that being audience-centered is a key aspect of delivering an effective speech about outdoor recreation options. When developing his speech, Sandeep should focus on offering listeners which of the following? a. perspective b. value c. knowledge d. experiences

value

7. Surlene is developing a survey to understand the audience for her upcoming speech on climate change. Which of the following survey questions will best enable participants to provide in-depth information to Surlene? a. Do you believe that fossil fuels contributes to global warming? b. What do you think is the greatest cause of climate change? c. Are rising sea levels of major, little, or no concern to you? d. Do you agree, disagree, or have neutral feelings on solar power?

what do you think is the greatest cause of climate change?

13. When should the conclusion of a speech begin? a. When there are two minutes left in the speech b. When the thesis statement has been summarized c. When the last main point has been discussed d. When the audience signals it is getting restless

when the last main point has been discussed

14. Despite having strong supporting evidence for her main points, Yelena still restated her thesis when concluding her speech. Was Yelena correct in doing this? a. No, it wastes the audience's time. b. Yes, it strengthens her claims. c. Yes, it builds up her credibility. d. No, it tends to confuse people

yes, it strengthens her claim