Community - Exam 1 Questions
1
. During a windshield survey of the community, the nurse notices a high number of fast food restaurants and is concerned about obesity in the population. Which of the following most closely represents the determinants of health that were observed? 1) Upstream 2) Downstream 3) Midstream 4) Host
4 (Example of SELECTIVE pv)
The school board asked the nurse to recommend an intervention for students following the suicide of a classmate. Which of the following is the best intervention? 1) Advertise a suicide helpline on a local billboard. 2) Hold a depression screening at the school. 3) Suggest fundraisers to pay funeral expenses. 4) Provide grief counselors at the school.
4
To provide population-focused care grounded in public health science, the public health nurse must have knowledge of: 1) Florence Nightingale's Notes on Nursing 2) Cultural differences 3) Healthy People 2020 4) Epidemiology and biostatistics
4
Traditionally, epidemiology has been defined as the study of the distribution of disease in human populations. Which of the following has been added to broaden the definition? 1) Epidemiology includes the study of preventable injuries among human populations. 2) Epidemiology includes research to identify illness trends. 3) Epidemiology includes the study of patterns of communicable disease. 4) Epidemiology includes examination of factors affecting the health of populations.
3
Nurses at the local hospital are conducting free depression screenings for members of the community. Which level of prevention does a depression screening represent? 1) Universal prevention 2) Selective prevention 3) Secondary prevention 4) Tertiary prevention
2
Which of the following is true regarding aging populations? 1) Aging populations experience fewer effects of health disparities. 2) The prevalence of noncommunicable illnesses is higher among aging populations. 3) Aging populations have higher health literacy skills. 4) Aging populations experience higher rates of mental distress.
1, 2, 5
Which of the following statements are true about the definition of a population?SELECT ALL THAT APPLY. 1) A population is a large group whose members may or may not interact with one another. 2) A population contains members who share at least one characteristic or trait such as age, gender, ethnicity, residence, or a health issue. 3) A population must include shared geography. 4) A population can be a group of any size, but its members always have some type of interaction. 5) A population does not always include people who share the same culture or place of residence. They may not recognize themselves as part of the population.
3
Which of the following statements reflects an understanding of cultural humility? 1) I need to take a look at your abdomen to complete your physical exam. 2) I read that you might be uncomfortable with being touched. 3) How can I approach the physical exam to make you the most comfortable? 4) Are you comfortable with my examining your abdomen?
3 (where participants take photos of their daily lives)
Which of these is a qualitative method of collecting community data? 1) Speak to Your Health survey 2) Community mapping 3) PhotoVoice 4) Convenience sample
4
Which type of secondary data is essential in a community assessment? 1) Mortality rate 2) Disease prevalence 3) Injury rate 4) Sociodemographics
B
Which would make you suspect shaken baby syndrome? a) Bruising at various stages of healing b) Bilateral retinal hemorrhages c) Hx broken bones d) Laceration and abrasions on extremities
B
A RN is caring for a pt who is of a different culture than the RN. When beginning the cultural assessment, which of the following actions should the RN take first? a) Determine the pt's perception of their current health status b) Gather data about the pt's cultural beliefs c) Determine how the pt's culture can affect the effectiveness of nursing actions d) Gather info about prev pt interactions w/ the health care system
A
A RN is conducting a community assessment. Which of the following data collection methods is the nurse using when having direct conversations with individual members of the community? a) Key informant interviews b) Participation observation c) Focus groups d) Health surverys
C
A RN is planning measures to reduce incidence of obesity. Which of the following interventions affects environment, according to the epidemiological triangle? a) Determine whether pt has fam hx of obesity b) Measure pt's BMI c) Provide low-fat meals at school d) Ask affected adults to keep a diary of food intake
1
A child was diagnosed with an E. coli infection two weeks after eating at a local restaurant. The nurse is conducting an epidemiological investigation using the seven questions. Which of the following explains the acquisition of E. coli? 1) The child ate food prepared at the restaurant. 2) The child was in the restaurant. 3) The child did not wash her hands. 4) The child shared food with a sibling.
1
A community member calls the smoking cessation hotline. This is an example of: 1) Health protection 2) Tertiary prevention 3) Ecological health promotion 4) Cultural shift
A, B, E
A nurse is collecting data to identify needs of the local community. Which of the following examples should the nurse identify as secondary data? (SATA) a) Birth stats b) Previous health survey results c) Windshield survey d) Community forum e) Health records
B
A nurse is completing a needs assessment and beginning data analysis. Which of the following actions should the nurse take first? a) Determine health patterns w/in collected data b) Compile collected data into a database c) Ensure data collection is complete d) Identify health needs of the local community
A, C, E (D - secondary data gathered via morbidity rates)
A nurse is conducting a windshield survey. Which of the following data should the nurse collect as a component of the assessment? (SATA) a) Ethnicity of community members b) Individuals who hold power in the community c) Natural community boundaries d) Prevalence of disease e) Presence of public protection
15% (13/84 x100)
A nurse is determining the attack rate following an E. coli outbreak. If 84 people ate contaminated lettuce and 13 people developed E. coli, what is the attack rate?
C
A nurse is discussing communicable dx. Which dx is airborne? a) Cholera b) Malaria c) Flu d) Salmonellosis
D
A nurse is planning a community health program. Which of the following actions should the nurse include as part of the evaluation plan? a) Determine availability of resources to initiate the plan b) Gain approval for the program from local leaders c) Establish a timeline for implementation of interventions d) Compare program impact to similar programs
C, D
A nurse is preparing an edu program on dx transmission. When discussing the epidemiological triangle, the nurse should include which of the following factors as agents? (SATA) a) Resource availability b) Ethnicity c) Toxins d) Bac e) Alt Immunity
1
A nursing instructor overhears two students quizzing each other for an upcoming community health exam. One student asks the other to give an example of a fomite. Which of the following is considered a fomite? 1) A paper tissue carrying rhinovirus 2) A mosquito carrying a parasite 3) A human ill with H1N1 influenza 4) A raccoon carrying the rabies virus
2 (Vaccination is one form of passive immunity, which develops when the immune system is stimulated to produce antibodies when a synthetic or weakened version of an agent is injected.)
A parent tells the clinic nurse he does not want his child to get chicken pox. The nurse counsels the parent that receiving the varicella vaccine will enable the child to have which type of immunity against the varicella virus? 1) Active immunity 2) Passive immunity 3) Disease immunity 4) Inherent resistance
B (A would be policy development. B is right bc assurance works to promote and accomplish public health goals)
A public health nurse (PHN) is planning several initiatives for the city. Which of the following would be included as part of public health assurance? a) Meeting w/ city officials to propose changes in laws b) Partnership w/ a lab company to provide free HIV screenings for the public c) Reviewing data for incidence of the flu over a 25 yr span d) Providing med facilities info about accidental injury rates
3
A public health nurse determines that the current tuberculosis outbreak began when a resident of the homeless shelter was admitted to the hospital. What term is used to refer to the first case identified in a disease outbreak? 1) Transmitting case 2) Secondary case 3) Index case 4) Source point
4
Federal law mandates that all local public health departments provide specific activities to protect the health of their citizens. Which of the following is not a federally mandated activity? 1) Reporting of specific diseases 2) Outbreak investigation 3) Quarantine 4) Public sanitation
4
How will the application of genomics improve the health of the population? 1) Funding for genetic testing will increase. 2) Married couples will receive genetic counseling. 3) New medical treatments will be developed. 4) Screenings for heritable diseases will increase.
1, 2, 4, 5
Identify the goals of a rapid assessment.SELECT ALL THAT APPLY. 1) Understand immediate needs after a disaster or adverse event. 2) Determine possible courses of action to help those in need. 3) Collect past data to assist in developing a plan. 4) Identify resource requirements. 5) Start the process immediately after the disaster or event (usually within one week).
13 cases per 1,000 people (416/32000 X 1000)
If there were 416 cases of chicken pox in one year among 32,000 people, what should the nurse record the incident rate as per 1,000 people?
1
In 1854, Dr. John Snow identified the source of a cholera outbreak by mapping out all cholera deaths in the Soho area of London. This is an example of the science of: 1) Epidemiology 2) Sanitation 3) Microbiology 4) Communicability
4
In 1988, the Institute of Medicine (IOM) published a public health report titled The Future of the Public's Health. It identified three core functions encompassing the purpose of public health. Which of the following was not one of the core functions? 1) Assessment 2) Policy development 3) Assurance 4) Planning
2 (highest among this age group)
The community health nurse is preparing a presentation for primary health-care providers to increase their awareness of the prevalence of mental disorders. On which of the following age groups should the nurse focus? 1) Ages 14 to 22 years 2) Ages 26 to 49 years 3) Ages 60 to 75 years 4) Ages 30 to 55 years
3
The nurse is preparing a health education program for young adults regarding sexually transmitted infections (STIs). What should the nurse do first? 1) Obtain condoms to distribute during the program. 2) Create an objective related to abstinence and STI prevention. 3) Assess the cultural and religious beliefs of the young adults. 4) Identify sexually active individuals.
4
The nurse is reviewing client records from two community health screenings. The first screening was held in one community on Tuesday and the second was held in a different community on Thursday. The nurse notices there was a significantly higher rate of hypertension in the community screened on Tuesday. The nurse concludes that if a random individual were selected from each community, only the person from the community screened on Tuesday would have hypertension. What is the term for the nurse's conclusion? 1) Causation 2) Natural selection 3) Relative risk 4) Ecological fallacy
1, 2, 4
The nurse recognizes that which statements indicate psychosocial consequences related to alcohol use?SELECT ALL THAT APPLY. 1) "I've been late to work three times this week." 2) "My wife has a restraining order against me." 3) "The doctor says I need a liver function test." 4) "If I get one more impaired driving citation, I'll lose my license." 5) "I've worked at the same company for 20 years."
6.25% (25/400)
The population of Helmetta, New Jersey, is 2,200. Of that population, an estimated 400 are identified as smokers. During the first week of flu season, 25 smokers and 5 nonsmokers were diagnosed with influenza. What was the rate of influenza among smokers during the first week of flu season? Record answer as a percentage using two decimal places
1 (Remember the 3 constants in epidemiology: person, place, time)
The incidence of measles in the local elementary school has doubled since February. The school nurse knows the critical dimension of the epidemiological investigation is: 1) Time 2) Classroom 3) Age 4) Ethnicity
2
The middle school is experiencing a high rate of absenteeism. The nurse knows the best community health assessment to use is a: 1) Rapid needs assessment 2) Setting-specific assessment 3) Health impact assessment 4) Population-focused assessment
1, 2, 4, 5
The nurse has identified a high incidence of asthma-related complications in the community. As the nurse plans community interventions, which of the following social determinants of health should be considered?SELECT ALL THAT APPLY. 1) Safety along routes to health providers 2) Ability to pay for medications 3) Incidence of asthma-related complications 4) Age and condition of housing 5) Access to public transportation
ALL of them (chronic dx is a RF)
The nurse is assessing clients at the homeless shelter. Select all of the mental illness risk factors that could be present in this situation: 1) A woman who stated her mother committed suicide 2) A smoker diagnosed with emphysema 15 years ago 3) A student who witnessed a campus shooting 4) A migrant farm worker 5) A veteran recovering from a blast injury
B (best framework to understand and determine risk factors for disease when there are multiple factors)
The nurse is concerned about childhood obesity and type 2 diabetes. The nurse's community assessment found the following: Fast food restaurants are concentrated near the local high school. Physical education classes at all elementary schools recently have been replaced by math and science classes. Approximately 65% of families enrolled at local schools are living at or below the national poverty level. The majority of health-care providers and clinics are concentrated in one area of the community. Public transportation is limited. What is the best framework for the nurse to use to develop population-based interventions? 1) Ecological model 2) Web of causation 3) Agent, host, environment model 4) Epidemiological triangle
4, 3, 1, 2
The nurse is conducting a rapid needs assessment following a deadly tornado. Put the following steps in the correct order. 1) Conduct a rapid survey of survivors and determine their needs. 2) Speak with the gatekeeper of the community. 3) Determine how many people live in the town and how many are believed to be missing or dead. 4) Drive through town to observe the damage.
B (Talking about ill people only)
The nurse is monitoring illness trends in the community and notes there were 60 cases of varicella during the second week of September. All cases resolved without complications. What term represents this information? 1) Mortality 2) Morbidity 3) Attack rate 4) Recovery trend
3
What is the most significant influence that the Lillian Wald and Henry Street Settlement had on population-focused nursing? 1) The term "public health nurse" was created. 2) Nurses were allowed to provide care in the home. 3) Public health nursing was formalized. 4) Poverty was identified as a cause of illness.
1
Which agency differs from other public health agencies due to its ability to apply evidence-based findings directly to individuals' daily lives? 1) Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) 2) World Health Organization (WHO) 3) State Health Department 4) Community partners
3
Which is not a question that a windshield survey can begin to answer? 1) What are the demographics of the community? 2) Are there obvious health-related problems? 3) How many crimes have been committed in the past month? 4) What does the community look like?
1, 2, 4, 5 (1 - Superfund sites are places where hazardous wastes are being cleaned up)
Which of the following are examples of environmental risk factors?SELECT ALL THAT APPLY. 1) Living near a Superfund site 2) Living in an apartment built before 1978 3) Smoking a pack of cigarettes per day 4) Working in the smoking section of a casino 5) Living in a home without a carbon monoxide detector
1, 2, 4
Which of the following are included in the Public Health Nursing Core Competencies? SELECT ALL THAT APPLY. 1) Communication 2) Cultural competency 3) Exercise and nutrition 4) Analytic assessment 5) Pursuit of a master of science in nursing (MSN)
B
Which of the following indicates a barrier to accessing health care? a) "I don't drive and my son is only available to take me to places in the morning" b) "I can't take off during the day, and the local after-hours clinic is no longer in operation" c) "Only one doctor in my town is designated by my health maintenance organization" d) "I would like to schedule an appt with a provider who speaks both Spanish and English"
C
Which of the following is NOT an example of good cultural awareness? a) Learning another language b) Talking about global politics c) Asking someone what their religion is d) Eating at an ethnic restaurant
2
Which of the following is a priority in public health nursing? 1) Communicable disease 2) Primary prevention 3) Secondary prevention 4) Community partnerships
C (A and D are secondary, B is tertiary)
Which of the following is an example of primary pv? a) Performing a home safety check at a client's home b) Teaching healthy nutrition to pt w/ HTN c) Providing flu vaccines to employees at a local preschool d) Implementing a program to notify individuals exposed to a communicable dx
B
While conducting a health screening for low-income senior citizens, the nurse finds most clients have uncontrolled diabetes and hypertension. Some clients explain they are on a fixed income and cannot afford medications. Others tell the nurse they feel fine, so there is no reason to go to the doctor. Which of the following should the nurse do next? 1) Provide clients with pamphlets describing the importance of taking medications and going to the doctor. 2) Host a health fair about controlling diabetes and hypertension through healthy eating and physical activity. 3) Schedule individual health counseling appointments with clients who have uncontrolled diabetes and hypertension. 4) Contact the visiting nurse association to arrange home visits for clients with uncontrolled diabetes and hypertension.
