Comparative Politics Ch. 12 Test

Which of the following would likely not constitute part of a "frame" for social movement activity? a. An election b. A way to link movement demands to core values in the society c. A new way of expressing and describing grievances d. A language for describing protest activities as laudable and mainstream

a. An election

Social revolutions, insurgencies, and terrorism are forms of what? a. Contention

a. Contention

The use of force or threat, typically by the military, to impose a non-electoral change in government is called what? a. Coup d'etat

a. Coup d'etat

Where do social movements occur? a. In the space created by civil society

a. In the space created by civil society

Which of the following might cause us to classify an instance of conflict as a revolution and not just a regular civil war? a. It leads to dramatic structural change. b. Its leaders say they want change. c. It includes terrorist acts. d. The fighting has lasted for many years.

a. It leads to dramatic structural change.

Which of the following would not be a form of "everyday resistance"? a. Joining a community group b. Work stoppage c. Deliberately completing only a portion of assigned work at your job so as to lower the company's productivity. d. Political graffiti

a. Joining a community group

Which of the following is a likely consequence of social movement organization? a. Leaders and organizations working for the movement's cause of choice also developing their own interests in relation to the movement b. Increase in "everyday resistance" c. Terrorism d. Increasing confusion about what the movement stands for

a. Leaders and organizations working for the movement's cause of choice also developing their own interests in relation to the movement

Which of the following theories is a supply side theory of revolution? a. Lichbach's theory of contention b. Social-psychological theories c. Relative deprivation theory d. Marxist theory

a. Lichbach's theory of contention

Which Scholars have argued that "ascending or inspiring groups and rigid or inflexible institutions are the stuff of which revolutions are made"? a. Samuel Huntington

a. Samuel Huntington

Which of the following is not often cited as the difference between a political and social revolution? a. Social revolutions involve people spending more time together. b. Social revolutions change major social structures like the relationships between classes. c. Political revolutions mostly change political institutions. d. Both can be dramatic, but social revolutions are typically more transformative.

a. Social revolutions involve people spending more time together.

Which of the following events might be classified as a social revolution rather than just a political revolution? a. The Chinese Revolution b. The American civil rights movement c. The American Revolution d. The Industrial Revolution

a. The Chinese Revolution

What was the most important way in which the Chinese Revolution differed from the Russian Revolution? a. The extent and nature of the peasantry's role b. Decade c. Geographical attributes d. Language

a. The extent and nature of the peasantry's role

The Landless Workers Movement has had success as a contentious appeal for equality in which Latin American country? b. Brazil

b. Brazil

Which of the following statements is untrue? a. Insurgencies can become revolutions b. Insurgencies do not involve military action. c. Insurgencies are led by non-state actors. d. Insurgencies can sometimes look like or ally with social movements.

b. Insurgencies do not involve military action.

The American Revolution might be considered an example of a. A great social revolution and a "weapon of the weak" b. A social revolution and a political revolution c. A political revolution and an anti-colonial revolution d. A form of everyday resistance

c. A political revolution and an anti-colonial revolution

Which of the following claims is not true? a. The American Civil Rights Movement has become a model for many other movements. b. Russia put an end to its social movements, and to this day nobody in Russia will attempt movement activity. c. The Chartist Movement in the 1830s in the United Kingdom is considered an important early example. d. Brazil's landless movement is a social movement with some potentially revolutionary elements.

b. Russia put an end to its social movements, and to this day nobody in Russia will attempt movement activity.

Which of the following statements is true about social movements? a. Social movements take place outside of civil society. b. Social movements are relatively common in modern, democratic societies. c. Social movements are equally likely under all regime types. d. All social movements are left wing.

b. Social movements are relatively common in modern, democratic societies.

Which of the following is considered an example of contention outside of formal political institutions? a. Knocking on doors for a political candidate b. Voting in an election c. Participating in a work stoppage d. Running for local office

c. Participating in a work stoppage

Which of the following factors is not an important part of the "relative deprivation" theory of revolutions? a. Rising expectations cause important groups of actors to become dissatisfied with the status quo. b. Revolutions are caused by discontent, which is often related to social inequalities. c. Revolutions are more likely when important groups of actors' rational calculation of interests change so that revolutionary participation seems rational. d. Social psychological dynamics are important.

c. Revolutions are more likely when important groups of actors' rational calculation of interests change so that revolutionary participation seems rational.

Which of the following would likely increase the likelihood of successful actions aimed at bringing about change? a. Unified organizational leadership b. New methods of communication c. Pre-existing grievances in the citizenry d. All of the above

d. All of the above

Which of the following would likely increase the likelihood of successful contention? a. Unified organizational leadership b. New methods of communication c. Pre-existing grievances in the citizenry d. All of the above

d. All of the above

Which of the following acts might, by some definitions, be considered examples of terrorism? a. A state's use of extraordinary violence against a population it aims to keep outside of politics b. A militant group's bombing of civilians to influence them to change the policies of their state c. Neither (a) nor (b) d. Both (a) and (b)

d. Both (a) and (b)

Which of the following would not likely be a critique that proponents of cultural or framing theories might make of rational-choice theories? a. Rational choice theorists assume too much rationality in people. b. Rational choice theories fail to take into account the diverse ways that different groups think about their goals and values. c. Demand for social change likely fluctuates in ways that the theory has trouble accounting for. d. None of the above (all of the above would be critiques)

d. None of the above (all of the above would be critiques)

Which of the following conclusions could probably not be drawn with high confidence from our discussion of the "Arab Spring" in the "Thinking Comparatively" section of this chapter? a. The uprisings will lead to successful democratization in all or most cases. b. The uprisings will not lead to successful democratization in all or most cases. c. The best explanation for the various outcomes in the different cases is the cultural or framing theory. d. None of the above.

d. None of the above.

Which scholar defends the "structuralist" theory of revolutions in which social structures make the biggest impact on revolutions? d. Theda Skocpol

d. Theda Skocpol